寒假作业03 主谓一致（巩固培优）高一英语译林版

·11a限时练习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业03 主谓一致 知识点01 语法一致 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式。 1．不定代词one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody，someone，somebody，either，neither等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has a new dress .他们每一个人都有一本新裙子。 2．由and或both...and...连接起来的成分作主语时，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Both his son and daughter are teachers.他的儿子和女儿都是老师。 3．主语为名词单数或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but (除了)，like(像)，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等词汇，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。 The teacher, together with many students, is playing basketball in the playground.这位老师和很多学生一起在操场上打篮球。 4．不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading often means learning.阅读常意味着学习。（动名词作主语） To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语对你有许多好处。（动词不定式作主语） How he came to this city is a story of struggle and success. 他如何来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。（名词性从句作主语） 5．由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。 What I need is time.我所需要的是时间。 6．在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与句中先行词保持一致。Professor Baker, who has been devoted to the research of wild animals all his life, is supposed to give a speech in our school next week. 贝克教授一生都致力于野生动物的研究，下周他将在我们学校发表演讲。 7．none作主语，指代可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students is/are interested in this book.没有学生对这本书感兴趣。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three English books. 我买了三本英语书。 2. 若and连接的两个主语指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。A knife and fork is on the desk.桌子上有一副刀叉。The writer and doctor is speaking at the meeting.这位作家兼医生正在会上发言。 若and连接的两个并列主语前有each、every、no修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。Every student and every teacher was in the room.每一位学生和老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.没有男孩和女孩喜欢它。 3. 在口语中，当either或neither后跟“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数形式。Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；若它后面的名词是复数，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。None of us is/are entirely blameless in this matter.在这件事上我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。 4. 在定语从句中，在the only one of...后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is one of my friends who are from a foreign country. 他是我的外国朋友之一。 He is the only one of my friends who is from a foreign country. 他是我唯一的外国朋友。 5．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语是number (数目)，故谓语动词用单数；“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语则是of后的复数名词，故谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of apples are red.许多苹果是红色的。 The number of students is 2,000.学生的数量是2 000。 6．quantities of与amounts of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Quantities of food were on the table.桌子上有许多食品。 Great amounts of coal have been sent there.大量的煤被送到了那儿。 知识点02 意义一致 意义一致原则是指有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义也用单数形式。 1．若由and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式；由and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如bread and butter (抹黄油的面包), knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物) A knife and fork lies on the table.桌子上有一副刀叉。(一个整体) 2．若由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each，every，more than a(n)，many a(n)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every student and every teacher was in the room.每个学生和老师都在房间里。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生缺席会议。 3．如果集体名词如family，public，club，crew，group，audience等指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式；people，police，cattle，military等集体名词一般都用作复数。 Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班无法就班长人选达成一致意见。 The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。 4．由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据短语中后面名词的单复数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。 5．表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。 Three thousand yuan is quite a lot of money for a middle school student. 对于一名中学生来说，三千块钱是一大笔钱。 Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie. 当你在欣赏一部非常好的电影时, 两小时是很短的时间。 6．有些形复意单的名词如news；以ics结尾的学科名称如physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如the United States; 报纸名如The New York Times; 书名如Arabian Nights; 以及the United Nations等虽以复数形式出现，实际意义为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的话题。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床底下的那双鞋是他的。 7．若主语中有表示数量的短语more than one或many a(n)，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数；但“more＋名词复数＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数形式；“one＋名词单数＋and a half”作主语时，其谓语动词采用单数形式；“one or two＋复数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式；“a＋名词单数＋or two”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。 More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。 One banana and a half was left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。 A word or two is missing here.这里缺一两个词。 8．算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常看作单数，其谓语动词采用单数形式；数学算式中要是用and或plus表示“加”，用times表示“乘以”，则谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。 Twelve plus eight is/are twenty.12加8等于20。 Ten times zero is/are zero.10乘以0等于0。 Two and two is/are four.2加2等于4。 9．trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果这些名词前有a/the pair/kind/sort/type of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。 A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。 10．“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；但当它表示的是一个抽象概念时，则用单数形式。 The wounded are treated well.伤员得到了很好的治疗。 The beautiful is loved by all.美好的事物人人爱。 11．名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于该动词后面名词的单复数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 His is a new bike.他的是一辆新自行车。 His are some old books.他的是一些旧书。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. population作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若population被分数、百分数修饰，谓语动词常用复数形式。 The population continues to increase.人口继续增长。 40% of the population in this area are suffering from the heavy rain.这个地区40%的人遭受了这次暴雨的侵袭。 知识点03 就近一致 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和单复数常常与最靠近的作主语的词语保持一致。 1．当两个主语由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher contributes money to our school.不仅学生为我们学校捐了款而且这位老师也捐了款。 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他和他的家人都不知道这件事。 Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。 2．以there，here引起的表示存在的句子，而主语又不止一个时，谓语动词应按照就近一致原则。 Here are some books you may be interested in.这里有一些你可能感兴趣的书。 There is an airconditioner and two computers in his office.在他的办公室里有一个空调和两台电脑。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 (2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。 2．主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。 3．某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing. 这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers. 这条裤子是她的。 4．数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生人数很多。 5．“one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 1、 单项选择 1. Woodcarving, an ancient craft with global cultural significance, (involve) shaping wood into delicate designs and figures. 2. Egypt’s largest wind power project is to be designed and built by a Chinese company PowerChina, (which) is viewed by insiders as a milestone in the country’s renewable energy sector and (demonstrate) the growing global influence of Chinese energy and infrastructure firms. 3. Its incredibly lifelike fur shell, crafted by the Suzhou Bailuming Team, (make) it almost indistinguishable from real Tibetan antelopes at first glance. 4. The rapid rise of the “TCM+ food” trend (reflect) today’s growing public attention toward health, alongside a strong sense of cultural confidence. 5. The construction of this station entrance, which looks particularly like the wreckage of a trolley car half buried in the ground, (credit) to an architect named Zbigniew Peter Pininski. 6. To help avoid this, the British Council (develop) a description of culture in the last few years. 7. Now policymakers and governments (put) measures in place to restrict travel to certain bucket-list sites. 8. As China’ s electric vehicle technology continues to improve (and) the awareness for the environment grows, the company (replace) traditional gas-fueled tricycles with electric engines, which has been popular in markets like Southeast Asia, Russia, North America, South America and Africa. 9. The basketball team ______________ (have) its final practice before the championship. It needs to focus. 10. The committee _______________ (debate) the proposal right now, and it is expected to reach its decision soon. 11. Part of the problem (cause) by the diverse origins of English words. 12. The documentary uses “the greatest” to describe Du Fu, not only in China, but also in the scope of world literature, (putting) him alongside Dante and Shakespeare, and pointing out that there (be) no such figure in the West as Du Fu. 13.In the conference room ______________ (be) the manager or his assistants, ready to answer questions. 14. Her collection of vintage posters, including some rare Art Deco pieces, ______________ (form) the centerpiece of the exhibition. 15. The standard for all subsequent works in this genre, which was established by these early pioneers, _______________ (remain) unchallenged today. 16.A number of applicants who were shortlisted after the initial screening round _____________ (submit) their portfolios online till now. 17.The number of students who choose science majors ______________ (increase) steadily now. 18.One hundred dollars, found at a small antique shop in Zurich, ______________ (be) widely considered a reasonable price for that exquisitely preserved vintage watch. 19.According to the survey, about sixty percent of the company’s workforce _____________ (work) remotely at least twice a week, which ______________ (suggest) a major shift in corporate culture. 20.Many a seasoned traveler ______________ (tell) me that his or her most memorable experiences often arose from unexpected detours. 一、完形填空 Reggie couldn’t hear. Although everyone in town was fond of him, he always 1 being treated differently. Children worried they would hurt Reggie, and that he wouldn’t hear the ball being hit in his 2 . Adults acted like he was incapable of understanding them. Reggie didn’t like it, but his friend Michael hated it more and decided things had to be 3 . He proposed the Day of Silence: in honour of Reggie, they should set aside one day for 4 people, when everyone would have to wear earplugs (耳塞). People liked the 5 . When the day arrived everyone stuck plugs in their ears, in a spirit of great 6 . That morning was filled with jokes and laughter. But, as the hours passed, people became aware of how 7 life was when one couldn't hear anything. However, that was nothing compared to the greatest 8 of the day: Reggie was amazing! Just using his 9 body language, he was the best to communicate with everyone. People paid more attention to what Reggie was saying, and were 10 by his intelligence. They realized all Reggie needed was a little more 11 to enable communication. That was the only 12 . So on the Day of Silence, Reggie’s true 13 became known. And everyone realised you have to give people a chance to show how 14 they are. They also learn that you couldn’t hear the slightest thing until you truly 15 . 1．A．ended up B．insisted on C．felt sick of D．put up with 2．A．presence B．turn C．direction D．power 3．A．explained B．balanced C．assessed D．changed 4．A．special B．deaf C．silent D．kind 5．A．rule B．game C．idea D．solution 6．A．fun B．support C．respect D．love 7．A．dangerous B．meaningless C．boring D．difficult 8．A．understanding B．discovery C．challenge D．entertainment 9．A．usual B．random C．creative D．attractive 10．A．touched B．surprised C．confused D．amused 11．A．practice B．help C．patience D．freedom 12．A．wish B．difference C．promise D．problem 13．A．role B．goal C．nature D．interest 14．A．valuable B．helpful C．positive D．humorous 15．A．agree B．believe C．think D．listen 二、阅读理解 In late spring and early summer each year, tens of millions of butterflies come out of their chrysalises (蚕蛹) in the butterfly valley in southwest China’s Yunnan province. For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen, it is the busiest time of the year, but he greets it with great enthusiasm. Before the break of dawn Yang has already arrived at the observation point, busily tending to the needs of the awakening butterflies. “Due to warmer temperatures, the ‘butterfly explosion’ this year occurred slightly earlier than usual, and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years,” said 46-year-old Yang, curator (馆长) of the butterfly valley museum. “We expect that there will be about 80 million to 100 million butterflies in the valley during this year’s ‘butterfly explosion’. That seems so crazy,” said Yang. According to Yang, in the valley, more than 320 butterfly species have been identified in specimens or photographs, including the rarest, most primitive, largest and smallest butterflies in China. Besides Yang, many local villages have also assumed the role of butterfly guardians. However, the journey toward achieving human-butterfly harmony was far from easy. Some two decades ago, the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection, believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops. They viewed them as pests that should be removed. In 1998, Yang began his journey at the agricultural science station in Ma’an’di Township, the very place where the butterfly valley lies. “It was there that I got into a frequent dilemma— the local villagers, seeking to protect their crops, would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies,” he said. “However, my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.” Now, the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully changed the once extremely poor township. More villagers have started reproducing butterflies. He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”, which extends the “butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. 1. What made Yang’s aim to reach human-butterfly harmony hard in the beginning? A. Warm temperatures in local villages. B. The number and size of the butterflies. C. Improper location of the butterfly valley. D. Lack of awareness of butterfly protection. 2. What does the underlined word “dilemma” in paragraph 4 mean? A. A choice difficult to make. B. A fact easy to understand. C. A duty hard to carry out. D. A situation smooth to deal with. 3. Which of the following best describe Yang Zhenwen? A. Honest and professional. B. Humorous and creative. C. Hard-working and strong-willed. D. Generous and easy-going. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A. Changing the Poor State of a Town B. Volunteering as a Butterfly Guardian C. Helping Butterflies Spread Their Wings D. Developing a Relationship with the Locals 三、语法填空 World Animal Day is an international day with 1 commitment to awakening people’s love for animals. Besides, it is a social movement 2 (charge) with the mission of raising animals’ status to improve welfare standards around the globe. Given the role 3 animals play in human beings’ 4 (survive) and development, caring for animals has become an essential part of environmental protection work. World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of ecology, including animals. 5 his honor the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 6 (vary) kinds of commemorative 7 (activity) were held around the world. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997. At present, the extinction rate of global species 8 (speed) up as never before. A report issued by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 9 (severe) damaged. From 1970 to 2016, the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, while the global vertebrate (脊椎动物) population decreased by 8% on average. Now it is high time that we took action 10 (protect) our friends — animals. After all, saving them means saving ourselves. 一、任务型阅读 One late afternoon, Tina was driving on a highway when a severe snowstorm hit with no sign before. In a short time, the heavy snow, coupled with the strong wind, turned everything into white and made the road extremely dangerous. Tina later found out that this kind of storm is called a “Saskatchewan screamer”, which comes on extremely fast with high winds. It’s really frightening and deadly to be caught in such extreme weather. Unable to see the road clearly, Tina had to stop her car and call 911. The operator told her that phone calls for help kept flooding in and all the rescuers had been called out. She suggested that Tina should wait out the storm in her car rather than risk driving on or going out. She took Tina’s information and told her that an officer would call her back. Tina waited anxiously for almost two hours, but nobody called her yet to check in. “The storm showed no sign of stopping. What was worse, it was getting dark. I couldn’t see anything outside the car since the snow had covered all the windows. The wind was still howling and the temperature was getting lower and lower in the car. I had no idea whom I could turn to for help,” Tina later wrote in a Facebook post. “Alone and cold，I began to panic, worrying about getting hit by an oncoming vehicle, getting buried in a snowbank, having my tailpipe blocked by the snow... I was really worried I couldn’t ever make it home to my family." That was when Tina realized that it was no use waiting passively for help. She decided to do something herself. So she took out her cellphone, logged on to the Google Map and determined her location. She found online a neighborhood Facebook group for the area that she was passing through and shared a comment about her trouble with her location marked on the map. Then all she could do next was sitting in the car, praying someone could make a response to her as early as possible. Fortunately, Tina’s request reached 80-year-old retired rescuer Frank. 46. 根据文本内容从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中，每词限用一次，两词为多余选项。 request die succeed luck call pray warn worry wait failure adjust decide Tina was driving on a highway when a snowstorm hit without ①________ . Tina found the storm ②________ a "Saskatchewan screamer comes on extremely fast with high winds. It is really frightening and ③________ to be caught in such extreme weather. Tina a called 911 and the operator suggested her ④________ out the storm in her car. Tina waited ⑤________ for almost two hours but ⑥________ to get the response. The weather conditions got worse and worse. Tina worried if she could go back home ⑦________. Tina made a ⑧________ to do something for herself. She uploaded a comment about her trouble with location. Then she just sat in the car and ⑨________ someone could make a response as soon as possible. ⑩________, Tina’s request reached 80-year old retired rescuer Frank. …… 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业03 主谓一致 知识点01 语法一致 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式。 1．不定代词one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody，someone，somebody，either，neither等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has a new dress .他们每一个人都有一本新裙子。 2．由and或both...and...连接起来的成分作主语时，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Both his son and daughter are teachers.他的儿子和女儿都是老师。 3．主语为名词单数或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but (除了)，like(像)，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等词汇，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。 The teacher, together with many students, is playing basketball in the playground.这位老师和很多学生一起在操场上打篮球。 4．不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading often means learning.阅读常意味着学习。（动名词作主语） To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语对你有许多好处。（动词不定式作主语） How he came to this city is a story of struggle and success. 他如何来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。（名词性从句作主语） 5．由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。 What I need is time.我所需要的是时间。 6．在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与句中先行词保持一致。Professor Baker, who has been devoted to the research of wild animals all his life, is supposed to give a speech in our school next week. 贝克教授一生都致力于野生动物的研究，下周他将在我们学校发表演讲。 7．none作主语，指代可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students is/are interested in this book.没有学生对这本书感兴趣。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three English books. 我买了三本英语书。 2. 若and连接的两个主语指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。A knife and fork is on the desk.桌子上有一副刀叉。The writer and doctor is speaking at the meeting.这位作家兼医生正在会上发言。 若and连接的两个并列主语前有each、every、no修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。Every student and every teacher was in the room.每一位学生和老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.没有男孩和女孩喜欢它。 3. 在口语中，当either或neither后跟“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数形式。Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；若它后面的名词是复数，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。None of us is/are entirely blameless in this matter.在这件事上我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。 4. 在定语从句中，在the only one of...后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is one of my friends who are from a foreign country. 他是我的外国朋友之一。 He is the only one of my friends who is from a foreign country. 他是我唯一的外国朋友。 5．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语是number (数目)，故谓语动词用单数；“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语则是of后的复数名词，故谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of apples are red.许多苹果是红色的。 The number of students is 2,000.学生的数量是2 000。 6．quantities of与amounts of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Quantities of food were on the table.桌子上有许多食品。 Great amounts of coal have been sent there.大量的煤被送到了那儿。 知识点02 意义一致 意义一致原则是指有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义也用单数形式。 1．若由and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式；由and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如bread and butter (抹黄油的面包), knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物) A knife and fork lies on the table.桌子上有一副刀叉。(一个整体) 2．若由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each，every，more than a(n)，many a(n)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every student and every teacher was in the room.每个学生和老师都在房间里。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生缺席会议。 3．如果集体名词如family，public，club，crew，group，audience等指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式；people，police，cattle，military等集体名词一般都用作复数。 Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班无法就班长人选达成一致意见。 The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。 4．由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据短语中后面名词的单复数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。 5．表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。 Three thousand yuan is quite a lot of money for a middle school student. 对于一名中学生来说，三千块钱是一大笔钱。 Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie. 当你在欣赏一部非常好的电影时, 两小时是很短的时间。 6．有些形复意单的名词如news；以ics结尾的学科名称如physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如the United States; 报纸名如The New York Times; 书名如Arabian Nights; 以及the United Nations等虽以复数形式出现，实际意义为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的话题。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床底下的那双鞋是他的。 7．若主语中有表示数量的短语more than one或many a(n)，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数；但“more＋名词复数＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数形式；“one＋名词单数＋and a half”作主语时，其谓语动词采用单数形式；“one or two＋复数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式；“a＋名词单数＋or two”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。 More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。 One banana and a half was left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。 A word or two is missing here.这里缺一两个词。 8．算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常看作单数，其谓语动词采用单数形式；数学算式中要是用and或plus表示“加”，用times表示“乘以”，则谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。 Twelve plus eight is/are twenty.12加8等于20。 Ten times zero is/are zero.10乘以0等于0。 Two and two is/are four.2加2等于4。 9．trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果这些名词前有a/the pair/kind/sort/type of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。 A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。 10．“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；但当它表示的是一个抽象概念时，则用单数形式。 The wounded are treated well.伤员得到了很好的治疗。 The beautiful is loved by all.美好的事物人人爱。 11．名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于该动词后面名词的单复数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 His is a new bike.他的是一辆新自行车。 His are some old books.他的是一些旧书。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. population作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若population被分数、百分数修饰，谓语动词常用复数形式。 The population continues to increase.人口继续增长。 40% of the population in this area are suffering from the heavy rain.这个地区40%的人遭受了这次暴雨的侵袭。 知识点03 就近一致 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和单复数常常与最靠近的作主语的词语保持一致。 1．当两个主语由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher contributes money to our school.不仅学生为我们学校捐了款而且这位老师也捐了款。 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他和他的家人都不知道这件事。 Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。 2．以there，here引起的表示存在的句子，而主语又不止一个时，谓语动词应按照就近一致原则。 Here are some books you may be interested in.这里有一些你可能感兴趣的书。 There is an airconditioner and two computers in his office.在他的办公室里有一个空调和两台电脑。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 (2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。 2．主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。 3．某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing. 这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers. 这条裤子是她的。 4．数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生人数很多。 5．“one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 1、 单项选择 1. Woodcarving, an ancient craft with global cultural significance, (involve) shaping wood into delicate designs and figures. 【答案】involves 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：木雕是一门具有全球文化意义的古老工艺，涉及将木材塑造成精美的设计和形象。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，主语后有一个同位语an ancient craft with global cultural significance，时态应用一般现在时，且主语Woodcarving“木雕 (工艺)”是不可数名词，involve“涉及”应用第三人称单数形式。故填involves。 2. Egypt’s largest wind power project is to be designed and built by a Chinese company PowerChina, (which) is viewed by insiders as a milestone in the country’s renewable energy sector and (demonstrate) the growing global influence of Chinese energy and infrastructure firms. 【答案】demonstrates 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：埃及最大的风电项目将由中国企业中国电建承建，该项目被业内人士视为该国可再生能源领域的里程碑，彰显了中国能源与基建企业日益增长的全球影响力。根据空格前的连词and可知，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，与is viewed并列作谓语，应该用一般现在时，且用第三人称单数形式。故填demonstrates。 3. Its incredibly lifelike fur shell, crafted by the Suzhou Bailuming Team, (make) it almost indistinguishable from real Tibetan antelopes at first glance. 【答案】makes 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它那栩栩如生的皮毛外壳由苏州白鹿鸣团队打造，第一眼看上去几乎和真实的藏羚羊别无二致。句子主语是Its incredibly lifelike fur shell，为单数名词，且句子描述的是客观事实，需用一般现在时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填makes 4. The rapid rise of the “TCM+ food” trend (reflect) today’s growing public attention toward health, alongside a strong sense of cultural confidence. 【答案】reflects 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“中医+食物”趋势的迅速崛起反映了当今公众对健康的日益关注，以及对文化自信的强烈感受。句子描述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语rise为不可数名词，谓语用reflect “反映”的第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。 5. The construction of this station entrance, which looks particularly like the wreckage of a trolley car half buried in the ground, (credit) to an architect named Zbigniew Peter Pininski. 【答案】was credited 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这座车站入口的建造设计颇具特色，它看起来就像一辆半埋在地下的有轨电车的残骸，该设计由一位名叫兹比格涅夫·彼得·皮尼斯基的建筑师完成。空处为谓语动词；固定短语be credited to意为“归功于”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语为单数 The construction of this station entrance，be 动词用was。故填was credited。 6. To help avoid this, the British Council (develop) a description of culture in the last few years. 【答案】has developed 【解析】考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：为了避免这种情况，英国文化协会在过去几年里发展了一种文化描述。此处为谓语动词，根据后文in the last few years可知为现在完成时，主语the British Council意为“英国文化协会”应该判断为整体，为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has developed。 7. Now policymakers and governments (put) measures in place to restrict travel to certain bucket-list sites. 【答案】are putting 【解析】考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：现在，政策制定者和政府正在制定措施，限制前往某些热门景点的旅行。根据时间状语“Now”可知，句子需用现在进行时，强调当前正在进行的动作；主语“policymakers and governments”是复数，谓语动词用“are putting”。故填are putting。 8. As China’ s electric vehicle technology continues to improve (and) the awareness for the environment grows, the company (replace) traditional gas-fueled tricycles with electric engines, which has been popular in markets like Southeast Asia, Russia, North America, South America and Africa. 【答案】has replaced 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：随着中国电动汽车技术的不断进步以及环保意识的不断增强，该公司已将传统的燃油三轮车更换为电动引擎车型，这种车型在东南亚、俄罗斯、北美、南美和非洲等市场颇受欢迎。根据本句提到公司用电车替代传统车的行为，在一些市场反响很好可知，replace这个行为已经产生了影响，动作已经完成，用现在完成时，主语为company，助动词用has。故填has replaced。 9. The basketball team ______________ (have) its final practice before the championship. It needs to focus. 【答案】is having 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：篮球队正在冠军赛前进行最后一次训练。它需要集中注意力。从句意来看，主语 “The basketball team” 在此被视为一个整体单位，因为它“需要集中注意力 (focus)”以及进行“最后一次训练”是作为一支参赛队伍的统一行为。其后的代词使用了 its 和 It，进一步确认了此处“团队”是作为一个单数整体来看待的。句子后半部分“It needs to focus” 使用了一般现在时，说明“需要集中注意力”是当前的状态或要求。前半句描述的“进行最后一次训练”是一个正在进行的、临时的动作，发生在冠军赛前 (before the championship)，因此用现在进行时最为恰当。故填is having。 10. The committee _______________ (debate) the proposal right now, and it is expected to reach its decision soon. 【答案】is debating 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：委员会正在就这项提案进行辩论，预计它 (委员会)很快就会做出决定。句子后半部分使用了单数代词 it 和 its 来指代“the committee”，表明“委员会”是一个整体机构。句中有时间状语 “right now” 明确表示动作正在进行，因此须用现在进行时。故填 is debating。 11. Part of the problem (cause) by the diverse origins of English words. 【答案】is caused 【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：部分问题是由英语单词的不同来源造成的。cause(造成)是谓语动词，与主语Part of the problem之间是被动关系，结合句意，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is caused。 12. The documentary uses “the greatest” to describe Du Fu, not only in China, but also in the scope of world literature, (putting) him alongside Dante and Shakespeare, and pointing out that there (be) no such figure in the West as Du Fu. 【答案】is 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这部纪录片用 “最伟大” 来形容杜甫，不仅在中国，而且在世界文学范围内，将他与但丁、莎士比亚相提并论，并指出西方没有像杜甫这样的人物。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时；there be句型中，be动词的单复数形式需根据后面的主语判断，figure为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is。 13.In the conference room ______________ (be) the manager or his assistants, ready to answer questions. 【答案】is 【解析】考查倒装结构中的主谓一致。句意： 在会议室里的是经理或者他的助手们，准备回答问题。由 or 连接的并列主语，遵循就近原则。本句是完全倒装，地点状语 In the conference room 置于句首，主语是 the manager or his assistants，表语是 ready...。根据就近原则，谓语动词的数应与离它最近的主语the manager 保持一致。本句描述一个存在的状态，用一般现在时即可。故填is。 14. Her collection of vintage posters, including some rare Art Deco pieces, ______________ (form) the centerpiece of the exhibition. 【答案】forms 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：她的复古海报收藏，包含一些罕见的装饰艺术风格作品，构成了本次展览的核心展品。句子主语是单数名词短语 Her collection。of vintage posters 是后置定语，修饰 collection。 根据就远原则，谓语动词应与主语 collection (单数) 一致。主语是单数第三人称，时态为一般现在时 (描述一个客观事实)，动词应用单数第三人称形式。故填forms。 15. The standard for all subsequent works in this genre, which was established by these early pioneers, _______________ (remain) unchallenged today. 【答案】remains 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意： 这个为此后所有该流派作品确立的标准，由这些早期先驱者所制定，至今仍未受到挑战。句子主语是单数名词 The standard。for all subsequent works... 是后置定语。which was established... 是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中使用了单数动词 was，说明先行词是单数。主语是单数第三人称，句中有时间状语today ，表示当前状态。故填remains。 16.A number of applicants who were shortlisted after the initial screening round _____________ (submit) their portfolios online till now. 【答案】have submitted 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，许多在初轮筛选后进入候选名单的申请者已经在线上提交了他们的作品集。句子的主干主语是A number of applicants，其后接复数动词。另外句子中有时间状语till now (迄今为止)，它强调动作从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的结果或影响 (即“已经提交”的状态)。因此需使用现在完成时。故填have submitted。 17.The number of students who choose science majors ______________ (increase) steadily now. 【答案】is increasing 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：选择理科专业的学生数量现在在稳定地增加。根据句子结构分析，句子主语是The number of意为“…的数量”，是单数名词。另外句子中有时间状语now，常与进行时连用。故填is increasing。 18.One hundred dollars, found at a small antique shop in Zurich, ______________ (be) widely considered a reasonable price for that exquisitely preserved vintage watch. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：在苏黎世一家小古董店发现的 (这款表)，一百美元被广泛认为是对那块保存完好的复古手表来说一个合理的价格。当复数形式的时间、金钱、距离、重量等名词被视为一个整体的量或单位时，谓语动词用单数。另外，本句描述一个普遍看法，用一般现在时。故填is。 19.According to the survey, about sixty percent of the company’s workforce _____________ (work) remotely at least twice a week, which ______________ (suggest) a major shift in corporate culture. 【答案】work / suggests 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：根据这项调查，该公司约百分之六十的员工每周至少远程工作两次，这表明企业文化发生了重大转变。第一空的核心结构为 “分数/百分比+ of +名词”，谓语动词的单复数由of 后面的名词决定，workforce (全体员工)是一个集体名词。此处的语境是 “远程工作至少每周两次”，表明workforce 是由多个个体成员组成的集合，应视为复数。第二空前which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰逗号前的整个主句。which 不是修饰某个名词，而是指代前面整个主句所陈述的现象或事实，此时它在语法上被视为单数。故用work / suggests。 20.Many a seasoned traveler ______________ (tell) me that his or her most memorable experiences often arose from unexpected detours. 【答案】has told 【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：许多经验丰富的旅行者都曾告诉我，他们最难忘的经历往往源于计划外的绕行之路。固定搭配 “Many a +单数名词”是一个固定且较为正式的搭配，表达复数含义，但其语法形式是单数。因此，任何与之搭配的谓语动词、代词、所有格形容词都必须使用单数形式。该句描述一个从过去持续到现在的经验之谈 (告诉我，并且现在转述)，适合用现在完成时来强调这个“告诉”的动作已经发生，且其内容 (旅行经验)具有现时相关性。故填 has told。 一、完形填空 Reggie couldn’t hear. Although everyone in town was fond of him, he always 1 being treated differently. Children worried they would hurt Reggie, and that he wouldn’t hear the ball being hit in his 2 . Adults acted like he was incapable of understanding them. Reggie didn’t like it, but his friend Michael hated it more and decided things had to be 3 . He proposed the Day of Silence: in honour of Reggie, they should set aside one day for 4 people, when everyone would have to wear earplugs (耳塞). People liked the 5 . When the day arrived everyone stuck plugs in their ears, in a spirit of great 6 . That morning was filled with jokes and laughter. But, as the hours passed, people became aware of how 7 life was when one couldn't hear anything. However, that was nothing compared to the greatest 8 of the day: Reggie was amazing! Just using his 9 body language, he was the best to communicate with everyone. People paid more attention to what Reggie was saying, and were 10 by his intelligence. They realized all Reggie needed was a little more 11 to enable communication. That was the only 12 . So on the Day of Silence, Reggie’s true 13 became known. And everyone realised you have to give people a chance to show how 14 they are. They also learn that you couldn’t hear the slightest thing until you truly 15 . 1．A．ended up B．insisted on C．felt sick of D．put up with 2．A．presence B．turn C．direction D．power 3．A．explained B．balanced C．assessed D．changed 4．A．special B．deaf C．silent D．kind 5．A．rule B．game C．idea D．solution 6．A．fun B．support C．respect D．love 7．A．dangerous B．meaningless C．boring D．difficult 8．A．understanding B．discovery C．challenge D．entertainment 9．A．usual B．random C．creative D．attractive 10．A．touched B．surprised C．confused D．amused 11．A．practice B．help C．patience D．freedom 12．A．wish B．difference C．promise D．problem 13．A．role B．goal C．nature D．interest 14．A．valuable B．helpful C．positive D．humorous 15．A．agree B．believe C．think D．listen 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述有听力障碍的雷吉总是被区别对待，朋友提议设立“沉默日”，让每个人都戴上耳塞体验一天的静默，通过这个活动，人们意识到听力障碍的人们的挑战，并发现了雷吉的才能。最终大家认识到给与他人机会展示自己的重要性，并学会了真正倾听的价值。 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管镇上的每个人都喜欢他，但他总是受到不同的对待。A. ended up结束；B. insisted on坚持；C. felt sick of感到厌倦；D. put up with忍受。end up doing sth.固定搭配，意为“最终做某事”，由上文“Although everyone in town was fond of him”可知，前后是转折关系，尽管人们都喜欢他，但是他最终受到别人不同的对待，故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们担心他们会伤害雷吉，并且担心他听不到球朝他的方向击打的声音。A. presence出席；B. turn转弯；C. direction方向；D. power力量。由上文“Children worried they would hurt Reggie”可知，孩子们害怕伤害到他，担心球朝他的方向击打时他听不到声音而受到伤害，故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雷吉不喜欢它，但他的朋友迈克尔更讨厌它，并决定必须改变一切。A. explained解释；B. balanced平衡；C. assessed评价；D. changed改变。由上文“Michael hated it more”和下文“He proposed the Day of Silence”可知，他和朋友都不喜欢被区别对待，所以他们决定改变这一切，即提议设立“沉默日”，故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他提议设立“沉默日”：为了纪念雷吉，他们应该为听力障碍的人留出一天，届时每个人都必须戴上耳塞。A. special特殊的；B. deaf聋的；置若罔闻的；C. silent沉默的；D. kind友好的。由上文“Reggie couldn’t hear.”以及“He proposed the Day of Silence”可知，沉默日是给聋哑人设立的日子，故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们喜欢这个主意。A. rule规则；B. game游戏；C. idea主意；D. solution解决办法。由上文“He proposed the Day of Silence”他提出设立“沉默日”可知，人们喜欢他提出的这个主意，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这一天到来时，每个人都带着塞子塞上耳朵，兴高采烈。A. fun有趣的事；乐趣；B. support支持；C. respect尊敬；D. love爱。由下文“That morning was filled with jokes and laughter.”可知，那天人们非常开心，兴高采烈，故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到，当一个人听不到任何声音时，生活是多么困难。A. dangerous危险的；B. meaningless无意义的；C. boring无聊的；D. difficult困难的。由下文“when one couldn’t hear anything”可知，当人听不到声音时，生活会很困难，故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，与当天最伟大的发现相比，这根本不算什么：雷吉太棒了！A. understanding理解；B. discovery发现；C. challenge挑战；D. entertainment娱乐，消遣。由下文“Reggie was amazing!”可知，人们戴上耳机后才发现听不见的雷吉很棒，故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就用他平常的肢体语言，他是最能和大家交流的。A. usual通常的；平常的；B. random随机的；C. creative有创造力的；D. attractive有吸引力的。由上文“Reggie was amazing!”和下文“he was the best to communicate with everyone.”可知，雷吉很棒，通过平常的肢体语言就能与大家交流，故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们更加关注雷吉所说的话，并对他的聪明才智感到惊讶。A. touched感动的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. confused困惑的；D. amused有趣的。由下文“by his intelligence”可知，人们惊讶于他的才能，故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们意识到雷吉需要的只是多一点耐心来进行沟通。A. practice实践；B. help帮助；C. patience耐心；D. freedom自由。由下文“to enable communication.”和上文提到雷吉听不见声音可知，雷吉需要的是更多一点耐心来确保沟通顺畅，故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是唯一的区别。A. wish希望；B. difference差异；C. promise承诺；D. problem问题。由上文“They realized all Reggie needed was a little more _______ to enable communication.”可知，雷吉虽然听不见声音，但是他只需要的人们多一点耐心，这是他与其他正常人的唯一区别，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是在沉默日，雷吉的真实本性就为人所知。A. role角色；B. goal目标；C. nature大自然；本性；D. interest兴趣。由下文“And everyone realised you have to give people a chance to show how ______ they are.”以及上文提到雷吉虽然听不见声音，但是他只需要的人们多一点耐心，这是他与其他正常人的唯一区别，所以在沉默日的时候他能展示自己真实的本性，故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都意识到你必须给人们一个机会来展示他们的价值。A. valuable有价值的；B. helpful有用的；C. positive积极的；D. humorous幽默的。根据上文“ Reggie was amazing!”可知，人们发现雷吉很有才能，故此处指你必须给人们一个机会来展示他们的价值，故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还了解到，除非你真正倾听，否则你根本听不到任何声音。A. agree同意；B. believe相信；C. think思考；D. listen听。由上文“They also learn that you couldn’t hear the slightest thing until you truly”可知，真正倾听别人才能听到声音，了解别人，故选D。 二、阅读理解 In late spring and early summer each year, tens of millions of butterflies come out of their chrysalises (蚕蛹) in the butterfly valley in southwest China’s Yunnan province. For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen, it is the busiest time of the year, but he greets it with great enthusiasm. Before the break of dawn Yang has already arrived at the observation point, busily tending to the needs of the awakening butterflies. “Due to warmer temperatures, the ‘butterfly explosion’ this year occurred slightly earlier than usual, and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years,” said 46-year-old Yang, curator (馆长) of the butterfly valley museum. “We expect that there will be about 80 million to 100 million butterflies in the valley during this year’s ‘butterfly explosion’. That seems so crazy,” said Yang. According to Yang, in the valley, more than 320 butterfly species have been identified in specimens or photographs, including the rarest, most primitive, largest and smallest butterflies in China. Besides Yang, many local villages have also assumed the role of butterfly guardians. However, the journey toward achieving human-butterfly harmony was far from easy. Some two decades ago, the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection, believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops. They viewed them as pests that should be removed. In 1998, Yang began his journey at the agricultural science station in Ma’an’di Township, the very place where the butterfly valley lies. “It was there that I got into a frequent dilemma— the local villagers, seeking to protect their crops, would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies,” he said. “However, my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.” Now, the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully changed the once extremely poor township. More villagers have started reproducing butterflies. He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”, which extends the “butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. 1. What made Yang’s aim to reach human-butterfly harmony hard in the beginning? A. Warm temperatures in local villages. B. The number and size of the butterflies. C. Improper location of the butterfly valley. D. Lack of awareness of butterfly protection. 2. What does the underlined word “dilemma” in paragraph 4 mean? A. A choice difficult to make. B. A fact easy to understand. C. A duty hard to carry out. D. A situation smooth to deal with. 3. Which of the following best describe Yang Zhenwen? A. Honest and professional. B. Humorous and creative. C. Hard-working and strong-willed. D. Generous and easy-going. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A. Changing the Poor State of a Town B. Volunteering as a Butterfly Guardian C. Helping Butterflies Spread Their Wings D. Developing a Relationship with the Locals 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了蝴蝶专家杨振文多年来致力于保护蝴蝶，描述了他为蝴蝶的保护工作付出的努力。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some two decades ago, the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection, believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops. They viewed them as pests that should be removed. (大约20年前，村民们对蝴蝶保护知之甚少，错误地认为蝴蝶会危害他们的粮食作物。他们认为它们是应该消灭的害虫)”可知，缺乏保护蝴蝶的意识让杨想要达成人与蝴蝶和谐的目标在一开始变得困难。故选D。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the local villagers, seeking to protect their crops, would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies”以及“However, my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects”可知，一方面当地村民为了保护自己的庄稼，经常使用杀虫剂来杀死蝴蝶，另一方面杨振文对这些生物真挚的爱迫使他阻止他们伤害这些脆弱的昆虫。即他面临一个很难做出的选择。故划线词意思是“一个很难做出的选择”。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In 1998, Yang began his journey at the agricultural science station in Ma’an’di Township, the very place where the butterfly valley lies.( 1998年，杨在蝴蝶谷所在的马安地乡农业科学站开始了他的旅程)”以及最后一段“Now, the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully changed the once extremely poor township. More villagers have started reproducing butterflies. He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”, which extends the “butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(如今，依托蝴蝶资源开发生态旅游，成功地改变了这个曾经极度贫困的小镇。越来越多的村民开始繁殖蝴蝶。他将蝴蝶谷描述为“造梦机器”，延伸了人与自然和谐共处的“蝴蝶梦)”可推知，杨振文工作努力，意志坚强。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In late spring and early summer each year, tens of millions of butterflies come out of their chrysalises (蚕蛹) in the butterfly valley in southwest China’s Yunnan province. For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen, it is the busiest time of the year, but he greets it with great enthusiasm.(每年春末夏初，在中国西南部云南省的蝴蝶谷，数以千万计的蝴蝶从蛹中出来。对于蝴蝶专家杨振文来说，这是一年中最忙的时候，但他却以极大的热情迎接它)”结合文章主要介绍了蝴蝶专家杨振文多年来致力于保护蝴蝶，描述了他为蝴蝶的保护工作付出的努力。可知，C选项“帮助蝴蝶展翅”最符合文章标题。故选C。 三、语法填空 World Animal Day is an international day with 1 commitment to awakening people’s love for animals. Besides, it is a social movement 2 (charge) with the mission of raising animals’ status to improve welfare standards around the globe. Given the role 3 animals play in human beings’ 4 (survive) and development, caring for animals has become an essential part of environmental protection work. World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of ecology, including animals. 5 his honor the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 6 (vary) kinds of commemorative 7 (activity) were held around the world. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997. At present, the extinction rate of global species 8 (speed) up as never before. A report issued by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 9 (severe) damaged. From 1970 to 2016, the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, while the global vertebrate (脊椎动物) population decreased by 8% on average. Now it is high time that we took action 10 (protect) our friends — animals. After all, saving them means saving ourselves. 【答案】 1．the 2．charging 3．of 4．survival 5．In 6．various 7．activities 8．is speeding 9．severely 10．to protect 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界动物日以及现在动物所面临的危险，最后作者建议采取行动保护我们的动物朋友。 1．考查冠词。句意：世界动物日是一个旨在唤起人们关爱动物的国际节日。commitment特指“唤醒人们对动物的关爱”。故填the。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，这是一项社会运动，旨在提高动物的地位，以提高全球的福利标准。设空处所在部分是做前面的名词movement的后置定语，与该名词是主动关系，因此使用charge的现在分词形式。故填charging。 3．考查介词。句意：鉴于动物在人类生存和发展中的作用，关爱动物已成为环境保护工作的重要组成部分。play the role of表示“担任……角色”，是个固定短语，此处是把role前置。故填of。 4．考查名词。句意同上。and连接两个并列成分，根据and后的名词development可知，此处需要用名词survival与development构成并列宾语。故填survival。 5．考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。in one’s honor为纪念，这是个固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填In。 6．考查形容词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。设空处所给名词是修饰后面的名词kinds，因此使用其形容词形式。故填various。 7．考查名词。为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。根据空后的were可知，主语使用名词复数形式。故填activities。 8．考查时态。句意：目前，全球物种的灭绝速度正以前所未有的速度加快。根据时间状语At present可知，使用现在进行时，主语是the extinction rate of global species，谓语用单数。故填is speeding。 9．考查副词。句意：世界自然基金会9月10日发布的一份报告显示，自然环境遭到了严重破坏。所给词是修饰后面的动词damage，因此使用副词形式。故填severely。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正是我们采取行动保护我们的朋友——动物的时候了。短语take action to do sth.表示“采取行动做某事”。故填to protect。 一、任务型阅读 One late afternoon, Tina was driving on a highway when a severe snowstorm hit with no sign before. In a short time, the heavy snow, coupled with the strong wind, turned everything into white and made the road extremely dangerous. Tina later found out that this kind of storm is called a “Saskatchewan screamer”, which comes on extremely fast with high winds. It’s really frightening and deadly to be caught in such extreme weather. Unable to see the road clearly, Tina had to stop her car and call 911. The operator told her that phone calls for help kept flooding in and all the rescuers had been called out. She suggested that Tina should wait out the storm in her car rather than risk driving on or going out. She took Tina’s information and told her that an officer would call her back. Tina waited anxiously for almost two hours, but nobody called her yet to check in. “The storm showed no sign of stopping. What was worse, it was getting dark. I couldn’t see anything outside the car since the snow had covered all the windows. The wind was still howling and the temperature was getting lower and lower in the car. I had no idea whom I could turn to for help,” Tina later wrote in a Facebook post. “Alone and cold，I began to panic, worrying about getting hit by an oncoming vehicle, getting buried in a snowbank, having my tailpipe blocked by the snow... I was really worried I couldn’t ever make it home to my family." That was when Tina realized that it was no use waiting passively for help. She decided to do something herself. So she took out her cellphone, logged on to the Google Map and determined her location. She found online a neighborhood Facebook group for the area that she was passing through and shared a comment about her trouble with her location marked on the map. Then all she could do next was sitting in the car, praying someone could make a response to her as early as possible. Fortunately, Tina’s request reached 80-year-old retired rescuer Frank. 46. 根据文本内容从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中，每词限用一次，两词为多余选项。 request die succeed luck call pray warn worry wait failure adjust decide Tina was driving on a highway when a snowstorm hit without ①________ . Tina found the storm ②________ a "Saskatchewan screamer comes on extremely fast with high winds. It is really frightening and ③________ to be caught in such extreme weather. Tina a called 911 and the operator suggested her ④________ out the storm in her car. Tina waited ⑤________ for almost two hours but ⑥________ to get the response. The weather conditions got worse and worse. Tina worried if she could go back home ⑦________. Tina made a ⑧________ to do something for herself. She uploaded a comment about her trouble with location. Then she just sat in the car and ⑨________ someone could make a response as soon as possible. ⑩________, Tina’s request reached 80-year old retired rescuer Frank. …… 【答案】①. warning ②. called ③. deadly ④. waiting ⑤. worriedly ⑥. failed ⑦. successfully ⑧. decision ⑨. prayed ⑩. Luckily 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $