第09讲 必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义）高一英语人教版

第09讲 必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues （知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识梳理 重点01 核心单词和短语 知识精讲 一、核心词汇 英文词汇 音标 汉语释义 拓展/考点 moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的；n. 道德；品行 派生词：morality n. 道德；道德准则 virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；德行；优点 反义词：vice n. 恶习；缺点 dilemma /dɪˈlemə/ n. (进退两难的) 窘境；困境 搭配：be in a dilemma 陷入两难境地 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 道德原则；法则；原则 搭配：follow one’s principles 坚守原则 honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的；正直的 派生词：honesty n. 诚实；正直 upright /ˈʌpraɪt/ adj. 正直的；诚实的 近义词：honest；straightforward just /dʒʌst/ adj. 公正的；公平的 派生词：justice n. 正义；公正 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠；捐献 搭配：donate sth. to sb./sth. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善；慈善机构 (组织) 搭配：charity organization 慈善组织 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ 自愿做；义务做 n. 志愿者 搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 搭配：be grateful to sb. for sth. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ v. 值得；应得；应受 用法deserve to do /deserve doing = deserve to be done forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ v. 原谅；宽恕 过去式：forgave；过去分词：forgiven merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl/ adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的 派生词：mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕 二、核心短语 英文短语 汉语释义 例句 stand up for 支持；维护 We should stand up for the weak and the poor. in need 在困难中；需要帮助的 The food is donated to people in need. be determined to do 决心做某事 She is determined to devote herself to charity. lead a ... life 过着…… 的生活 The old couple lead a simple and happy life. be meant to do 旨在；应该做 This activity is meant to teach kids moral values. live up to 达到；不辜负(期望) We must live up to the trust our parents give us. make a difference 有影响；起作用 Small acts of kindness can make a big difference. set a good example 树立好榜样 Honest people always set a good example for others. in return 作为回报；作为回应 She helped him a lot, and in return, he gave her a gift. take responsibility for 对…… 负责 Everyone should take responsibility for their actions. 三、句型 本单元核心句型围绕道德与美德主题展开，语法重点为动词不定式，二者关联紧密，以下是详细拆解： （一）单元核心句型精讲 1. 疑问词 + 不定式（wh- + to do） 核心结构：what / which / how / where / when + to do句法功能： 在句中作主语、宾语、表语，相当于一个宾语从句，使句子更简洁。 功能 例句 同义句转换 作宾语 She doesn’t know how to help the homeless. She doesn’t know how she can help the homeless. 作主语 When to hold the party hasn’t been decided. When we will hold the party hasn’t been decided. 作表语 The question is who to turn to for help. The question is who we can turn to for help. 2. 否定形式：疑问词 + not to do 例：He told me where not to park the car near the community. 该结构可用于一些固定动词后，如 know, decide, wonder, learn 等。 3. so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… 核心结构：so + adj./adv. + that 从句（引导结果状语从句）例句 He is so honest that everyone in the village respects him.（adj.） She works so hard that she has won many prizes for her virtue.（adv.） 4. 易混辨析：so...that... vs such...that... 结构 用法 例句 so...that... so + adj./adv. + that 从句 The boy is so kind that he always helps others. such...that... such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that 从句 The boy is such a kind person that he always helps others. （二）考点提醒 1. 当名词前有 many/much/few/little（表数量）修饰时，只能用 so，不能用 such。 例：There are so many poor people that we need to set up more charities. 2. only +状语/状语从句 置于句首（部分倒装） 核心规则： only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装 （助动词/情态动词提到主语前），从句不倒装。 修饰成分 例句 还原句 修饰副词 Only then did he realize the importance of keeping promises. He realized the importance of keeping promises only then. 修饰介词短语 Only by helping others can we truly understand moral values. We can truly understand moral values only by helping others. 修饰状语从句 Only when we act with honesty will we gain others’ trust. We will gain others’ trust only when we act with honesty. 3.若 only 修饰的是主语，无需倒装。 例：Only he can solve this moral dilemma.（不倒装） 4.It is/was + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth. 核心功能：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.，避免句子头重脚轻。 结构辨析 结构 适用形容词 例句 It is + adj. + of sb. to do 描述人的品格、性格： kind, honest, brave, selfish 等 It’s kind of you to donate books to the rural school. It is + adj. + for sb. to do 描述事物的性质、特点：important, necessary, difficult 等 It’s necessary for us to take responsibility for our actions. 记忆技巧：用 “人” 作主语，能和形容词构成系表结构的，用 of；不能的，用 for。 例：You are kind. → It’s kind of you...（√） We are necessary. → It’s necessary for us...（×） 核心语法—动词不定式精讲 动词不定式的基本形式是 to + 动词原形 否定形式为 not to + 动词原形，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作多种成分。 一、 不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语 To help others is a great virtue.（= It is a great virtue to help others.） 常用 it 作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻 （2）作宾语 She wants to volunteer at the charity center. 常接在 want, hope, decide, plan, refuse 等动词后 （3）作宾语补足语 We encourage students to be honest. 常接在 encourage, ask, tell, want, allow 等动词后 （4）作定语 He is the first person to arrive at the meeting. 不定式作定语需后置，修饰前面的名词 （5）作状语 She went to the hospital to visit her sick teacher. 表目的，可转换为 in order to do 二、不定式的特殊用法：省略to的情况 1. 在使役动词和感官动词后作宾补时，不定式需省略 to，但变为被动语态时，to 必须还原。 （1）使役动词（make/let/have） The teacher made him apologize for his mistake. He was made to apologize for his mistake by the teacher. （2）感官动词（see/watch/hear/notice） I saw her help the old man cross the road. She was seen to help the old man cross the road. 2.不定式的重要考点：时态和语态 （1）一般式（to do） 表动作与主句动作同时/之后发生 She hopes to join the volunteer team. （2）被动式（to be done） 表不定式动作与逻辑主语是被动关系 The book is to be donated to the children in need. （3）完成式（to have done）表不定式动作发生在主句动作之前 He seems to have known the moral dilemma. 易错点总结 1. 不定式作定语时，需与被修饰词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 错例：I have a lot of homework to be done. 正例：I have a lot of homework to do.（I 是 do 的逻辑主语） 2. why not do 结构中，不定式省略 to，表建议。 例：Why not stand up for the people who are treated unfairly? 好题精练 一、用所给动词的不定式形式填空 1. She decided (donate) some money to the charity. 2. The question is how (solve) this moral dilemma. 3. It’s kind of (you/help) the elderly cross the street. 4. He was seen (enter) the room just now. 5. Our teacher told us (not/be) late for the volunteer activity. 二、单项选择 1. It is necessary ______ us ______ the responsibility for our own actions. A. for; to take B. of; to take C. for; taking D. of; taking 2. The teacher made him ______ the text again because he didn’t read it clearly. A. Read B. to read C. reading D. reads 3. —I can’t decide ______ next. —You can ask your teacher for advice. A. what to do B. how to do C. what should I do D. how should I do 4. The little boy volunteered ______ the old man carry the heavy box. A. Help B. to help C. helping D. helped 5. Only by practicing more ______ better at telling right from wrong. A. we can be B. can we be C. we are D. are we 三、翻译句子（使用动词不定式） 1. 学会宽恕他人是一种美德。 2. 他是第一个站出来维护正义的人。 3. 我们需要决定什么时候开始这项公益活动。 4. 这位老人捐赠了很多钱，目的是帮助贫困学生。 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（18-19高一下·江苏盐城·期末）Make full use of whatever happens to you, for there is something ________ from every experience. A．learning B．learned C．to learn D．being learned 2．（22-23高一上·江西吉安·期末）Our government tries to do everything they can_________ people live a better life. A．to help B．help C．helping D．helped 3．（21-22高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）They arrived at the airport only_____the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 4．（24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）The tourists were eager ______ the magnificent waterfall and then had their pictures ______ against it. A．to view; taken B．viewing; taking C．to view; taking D．viewing; taken 5．（15-16高一上·山东枣庄·期末）The speaker raised his voice _____ make himself _____ by the listeners． A．so that; heard B．in order to; hearing C．so as to; heard D．to; to be heard 二、完形填空 （22-23高二下·湖北·期末）The first time I paid by scanning barcodes (条形码) on goods, I ended up paying 40 yuan ($5.8) more than I should have. I went looking for a salesperson inside the store, but she was 1 to explain how to get my money back, despite both of us using translation apps. I 2 going to that store for two whole years, until a Chineses speaking friend spoke to the 3 and explained to me that the money was still there in an app, which I made use of to pay for goods worth 40 yuan at the store. I went back to buy things from there again. I particularly 4 their hot chocolate and had, by now, 5 the art of buying things at the unmanned counter. 6 , the hot chocolate didn’t have a barcode, but I knew how to select it on the touch-screen menu. I would 7 a cup from a dispenser (自动售货机) before selecting the cup icon (图标) worth 3.5 yuan to make the payment. It was 8 ! I had been doing this for some time until, one day, following a software upgrade, I hit a 9 . I was unable to include the hot chocolate after 10 the barcode of other things I had bought. I again went looking for the salesperson, who helped me find it, tapping a(n) 11 that cost 5 yuan. “That’s 5 yuan?” I asked using the translation app. “I have been paying 3.5 yuan up until now.” I didn’t know why I had 12 it cost 3.50 yuan. At least I would have been 13 this embarrassment had there been a manned counter. However, I as spared further 14 when the saleswoman said “Meishi, meishi (doesn’t matter) 15 before rushing away. 1．A．unable B．frightened C．delighted D．capable 2．A．missed B．enjoyed C．fancied D．avoided 3．A．waitress B．shopper C．saleswoman D．applicant 4．A．mentioned B．displayed C．made D．liked 5．A．forgiven B．perfected C．required D．accused 6．A．By design B．On average C．In fact D．As a result 7．A．take up B．pick up C．break up D．clean up 8．A．awkward B．fair C．awful D．easy. 9．A．record B．nerve C．wall D．ball 10．A．painting B．scanning C．purchasing D．delivering 11．A．icon B．menu C．app D．counter 12．A．imagined B．assumed C．explained D．agreed 13．A．promised B．brought C．shown D．spared 14．A．pain B．anxiety C．embarrassment D．trouble 15．A．warmly B．excitedly C．anxiously D．coldly 三、语法填空 （23-24高一下·全国·课后作业） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an important part in our lives. It has the power to connect people in different 1 (part) of the world to a single shared community. We can achieve almost anything online — with access 2 the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages. One of the greatest advantages of the Internet 3 (lie) in the quick and easy availability of a huge amount of information. With the click of a mouse 4 the touch of a button, we are likely to find out almost anything we care to know. The Internet has also made our lives 5 (unbelievable) convenient. You can have food 6 (deliver) to you using food delivery apps and sites. Above all else, the Internet helps us establish and maintain social ties. An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on 7 update — there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them. While the Internet brings many valuable advantages, it raises all sorts of questions. When 8 (surf) the Internet, how can we protect ourselves? How can we use the Internet property and responsibly? We must be aware of these problems and be careful about whether 9 (trust) the site. When used safely, the Internet can be a place of discovery, wonder and 10 (inspire) for everyone. 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．The teacher recommended that all students ______ this classic novel ______ their reading skills. A．read; improve B．be read; to improve C．should read; to improve D．should be read; to be improved 2．______ to the café where they planned to meet, she pushed open the door only______ he had left. A．Rushing; to find B．Rushed; to find C．Rushing; finding D．To rush; finding 3．He is content ________ his evenings reading a good book, enjoying the simple pleasures of life. A．about spending B．to spend C．with spending D．for spending 4．It is not uncommon________ problems of communication ________ between generations. A．as; arise B．for; to arise C．of; rising D．with; rise 5．As a manager, I try________ the meetings short and to the point, so as________ everyone’s time. A．to keep; not to waste B．keeping; not to waste C．to keep; to waste D．keeping; to waste 二、选词填空 Directions: Complete the following ten sentences by using the words in the box. Note that there is one choice more than you need. A．accustomed to  B．had no access to  C． admires  D．absorb  E. acts as F. admitted  G. in the absence of  H. account for 1．In the old society, people from poor families education. 2．It is clear that everyone him for his strong sense of humor. 3．Plants carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. 4．The driver who had knocked down an old woman drinking before driving. 5．This dictionary a helpful tool for your English study. 6．We need time to get the new school rules. 7．We asked a local person for directions a map. 三、完形填空 16-year-old Mia Carter, a student from New York’s Brooklyn district, used to be obsessed with the “ideal body” images on social media. Her Instagram Feed was flooded with posts of teens with slim figures, and she soon began to feel 1 about her own body, which was a little curvier (曲线更明显的)than the online “standards”. Determined to change, she made a risky decision: she would 2 most meals and only eat a small bowl of salad every day. At first, Mia felt a sense of 3 when she saw her weight drop by two pounds in a week. She even showed off her “progress” to her best friend, Lily, but Lily frowned and warned her that extreme dieting would hurt her health. Mia, however, didn’t take the advice seriously, thinking Lily was just being 4 . Within three weeks, though, the bad 5 of her diet started to show. She became 6 during class, unable to 7 on her lessons, and had to quit the school volleyball team she’d joined years ago because of lack of energy. Her mom, Mrs Carter, noticed the changes immediately and grew deeply 8 . She took Mia to see a doctor, who told them that Mia was 9 of protein and other essential nutrients. The doctor also explained that true beauty wasn’t about a perfect figure, but about a healthy body and a positive mind. With the doctor’s guidance, she started a 10 eating plan and did light exercise to get into better 11 without starving herself. Two months later, Mia recovered completely, returned to the volleyball team, and got an A in math. She walked with newfound 12 , and Lily said she looked far 13 and happier. At a class sharing session on healthy lifestyles, Mia 14 her experience, warning peers against false beauty standards. By semester’s end, she’d learned the true meaning of 15 good and feeling good. 1．A．satisfied B．insecure C．ignorant D．confused 2．A．acquire B．treat C．enjoy D．skip 3．A．shame B．guilt C．achievement D．sadness 4．A．annoying B．supportive C．helpful D．understanding 5．A．causes B．origins C．effects D．products 6．A．energetic B．exhausted C．focused D．relaxed 7．A．take B．count C．reflect D．concentrate 8．A．concerned B．rough C．horrible D．familiar 9．A．confident B．independent C．short D．proud 10．A．frequent B．balanced C．original D．fashionable 11．A．shape B．health C．situation D．state 12．A．courage B．confidence C．bravery D．desire 13．A．slimmer B．prettier C．thinner D．healthier 14．A．told B．announced C．reported D．shared 15．A．looking B．performing C．appearing D．showing 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese chess, also known as Xiangqi, shines brightly as a traditional intellectual game with a long-standing history. It has not only been a pastime for the Chinese people for centuries but also a carrier of profound cultural connotations (内涵意义). The origin of Chinese chess can be traced back to the Warring States Period. At first, it was a military - themed board game 1 was used to simulate (模拟) battle formations and strategies. Over time, it evolved and spread among the general public, 2 (become) a popular form of entertainment. According to historical records, in the Tang Dynasty, Chinese chess   3 (go) through significant improvements, and the modern-day form of the game started to take shape. In 2008, Chinese chess was   4 (official) listed as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. This recognition is a testament to its long-standing history, cultural significance, and its role 5 the social and cultural life of the Chinese people. As 6 intangible cultural heritage, Chinese chess is not only a game but a part of China's cultural identity, passed down from generation to generation. It represents the 7 (wise)and creativity of the Chinese nation and has become an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture. The government and various cultural institutions have been making efforts 8 (protect) and promote Chinese chess, organizing training programs, competitions, and cultural exchange activities to ensure 9 (it) continuous development and inheritance (传承). Nowadays ,Chinese chess 10 (play) by millions of people worldwide. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第09讲 必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues （知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识梳理 重点01 核心单词和短语 知识精讲 一、核心词汇 英文词汇 音标 汉语释义 拓展/考点 moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的；n. 道德；品行 派生词：morality n. 道德；道德准则 virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；德行；优点 反义词：vice n. 恶习；缺点 dilemma /dɪˈlemə/ n. (进退两难的) 窘境；困境 搭配：be in a dilemma 陷入两难境地 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 道德原则；法则；原则 搭配：follow one’s principles 坚守原则 honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的；正直的 派生词：honesty n. 诚实；正直 upright /ˈʌpraɪt/ adj. 正直的；诚实的 近义词：honest；straightforward just /dʒʌst/ adj. 公正的；公平的 派生词：justice n. 正义；公正 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠；捐献 搭配：donate sth. to sb./sth. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善；慈善机构 (组织) 搭配：charity organization 慈善组织 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ 自愿做；义务做 n. 志愿者 搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 搭配：be grateful to sb. for sth. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ v. 值得；应得；应受 用法deserve to do /deserve doing = deserve to be done forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ v. 原谅；宽恕 过去式：forgave；过去分词：forgiven merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl/ adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的 派生词：mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕 二、核心短语 英文短语 汉语释义 例句 stand up for 支持；维护 We should stand up for the weak and the poor. in need 在困难中；需要帮助的 The food is donated to people in need. be determined to do 决心做某事 She is determined to devote herself to charity. lead a ... life 过着…… 的生活 The old couple lead a simple and happy life. be meant to do 旨在；应该做 This activity is meant to teach kids moral values. live up to 达到；不辜负(期望) We must live up to the trust our parents give us. make a difference 有影响；起作用 Small acts of kindness can make a big difference. set a good example 树立好榜样 Honest people always set a good example for others. in return 作为回报；作为回应 She helped him a lot, and in return, he gave her a gift. take responsibility for 对…… 负责 Everyone should take responsibility for their actions. 三、句型 本单元核心句型围绕道德与美德主题展开，语法重点为动词不定式，二者关联紧密，以下是详细拆解： （一）单元核心句型精讲 1. 疑问词 + 不定式（wh- + to do） 核心结构：what / which / how / where / when + to do句法功能： 在句中作主语、宾语、表语，相当于一个宾语从句，使句子更简洁。 功能 例句 同义句转换 作宾语 She doesn’t know how to help the homeless. She doesn’t know how she can help the homeless. 作主语 When to hold the party hasn’t been decided. When we will hold the party hasn’t been decided. 作表语 The question is who to turn to for help. The question is who we can turn to for help. 2. 否定形式：疑问词 + not to do 例：He told me where not to park the car near the community. 该结构可用于一些固定动词后，如 know, decide, wonder, learn 等。 3. so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… 核心结构：so + adj./adv. + that 从句（引导结果状语从句）例句 He is so honest that everyone in the village respects him.（adj.） She works so hard that she has won many prizes for her virtue.（adv.） 4. 易混辨析：so...that... vs such...that... 结构 用法 例句 so...that... so + adj./adv. + that 从句 The boy is so kind that he always helps others. such...that... such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that 从句 The boy is such a kind person that he always helps others. （二）考点提醒 1. 当名词前有 many/much/few/little（表数量）修饰时，只能用 so，不能用 such。 例：There are so many poor people that we need to set up more charities. 2. only +状语/状语从句 置于句首（部分倒装） 核心规则： only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装 （助动词/情态动词提到主语前），从句不倒装。 修饰成分 例句 还原句 修饰副词 Only then did he realize the importance of keeping promises. He realized the importance of keeping promises only then. 修饰介词短语 Only by helping others can we truly understand moral values. We can truly understand moral values only by helping others. 修饰状语从句 Only when we act with honesty will we gain others’ trust. We will gain others’ trust only when we act with honesty. 3.若 only 修饰的是主语，无需倒装。 例：Only he can solve this moral dilemma.（不倒装） 4.It is/was + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth. 核心功能：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.，避免句子头重脚轻。 结构辨析 结构 适用形容词 例句 It is + adj. + of sb. to do 描述人的品格、性格： kind, honest, brave, selfish 等 It’s kind of you to donate books to the rural school. It is + adj. + for sb. to do 描述事物的性质、特点：important, necessary, difficult 等 It’s necessary for us to take responsibility for our actions. 记忆技巧：用 “人” 作主语，能和形容词构成系表结构的，用 of；不能的，用 for。 例：You are kind. → It’s kind of you...（√） We are necessary. → It’s necessary for us...（×） 核心语法—动词不定式精讲 动词不定式的基本形式是 to + 动词原形 否定形式为 not to + 动词原形，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作多种成分。 一、 不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语 To help others is a great virtue.（= It is a great virtue to help others.） 常用 it 作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻 （2）作宾语 She wants to volunteer at the charity center. 常接在 want, hope, decide, plan, refuse 等动词后 （3）作宾语补足语 We encourage students to be honest. 常接在 encourage, ask, tell, want, allow 等动词后 （4）作定语 He is the first person to arrive at the meeting. 不定式作定语需后置，修饰前面的名词 （5）作状语 She went to the hospital to visit her sick teacher. 表目的，可转换为 in order to do 二、不定式的特殊用法：省略to的情况 1. 在使役动词和感官动词后作宾补时，不定式需省略 to，但变为被动语态时，to 必须还原。 （1）使役动词（make/let/have） The teacher made him apologize for his mistake. He was made to apologize for his mistake by the teacher. （2）感官动词（see/watch/hear/notice） I saw her help the old man cross the road. She was seen to help the old man cross the road. 2.不定式的重要考点：时态和语态 （1）一般式（to do） 表动作与主句动作同时/之后发生 She hopes to join the volunteer team. （2）被动式（to be done） 表不定式动作与逻辑主语是被动关系 The book is to be donated to the children in need. （3）完成式（to have done）表不定式动作发生在主句动作之前 He seems to have known the moral dilemma. 易错点总结 1. 不定式作定语时，需与被修饰词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 错例：I have a lot of homework to be done. 正例：I have a lot of homework to do.（I 是 do 的逻辑主语） 2. why not do 结构中，不定式省略 to，表建议。 例：Why not stand up for the people who are treated unfairly? 好题精练 一、用所给动词的不定式形式填空 1. She decided (donate) some money to the charity. 2. The question is how (solve) this moral dilemma. 3. It’s kind of (you/help) the elderly cross the street. 4. He was seen (enter) the room just now. 5. Our teacher told us (not/be) late for the volunteer activity. 二、单项选择 1. It is necessary ______ us ______ the responsibility for our own actions. A. for; to take B. of; to take C. for; taking D. of; taking 2. The teacher made him ______ the text again because he didn’t read it clearly. A. Read B. to read C. reading D. reads 3. —I can’t decide ______ next. —You can ask your teacher for advice. A. what to do B. how to do C. what should I do D. how should I do 4. The little boy volunteered ______ the old man carry the heavy box. A. Help B. to help C. helping D. helped 5. Only by practicing more ______ better at telling right from wrong. A. we can be B. can we be C. we are D. are we 三、翻译句子（使用动词不定式） 1. 学会宽恕他人是一种美德。 2. 他是第一个站出来维护正义的人。 3. 我们需要决定什么时候开始这项公益活动。 4. 这位老人捐赠了很多钱，目的是帮助贫困学生。 参考答案及详细解析 一、用所给动词的不定式形式填空 1. to donate 解析：动词 decide 后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配为 decide to do sth.，意为 “决定做某事”。 2. to solve 解析：疑问词 how 后接不定式，构成 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，在句中作表语，相当于 how we can solve。 3. of you to help 解析：本句用了 It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 句型，形容词 kind 描述人的品格，故用介词 of。 4. to enter 解析：感官动词 see 用于被动语态时，其后的不定式需还原 to，结构为 be seen to do sth.。 5. not to be 解析：动词 tell 后接不定式作宾补，否定形式为 tell sb. not to do sth.，意为 “告诉某人不要做某事”。 二、单项选择 1. 答案：A 解析：本句用 It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 句型，形容词 necessary 描述事物的性质，不修饰人， 故用介词 for；it 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to take。 2. 答案：A 解析：使役动词 make 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，结构为 make sb. do sth.，意为 “让某人做某事”。 3. 答案：A 解析：“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作动词 decide 的宾语。what to do 中 what 作 do 的宾语； how to do 后需接宾语，不能单独使用；C、D 为疑问句语序，不符合宾语从句陈述语序要求。 4. 答案：B 解析：动词 volunteer 后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配为 volunteer to do sth.，意为 “自愿做某事”。 5. 答案：B 解析：only + 介词短语 by practicing more 置于句首，主句需用部分倒装，将助动词 can 提到主语 we 之前；be good at 意为 “擅长”，此处用比较级 better。 三、翻译句子 1. To learn to forgive others is a virtue. 解析：不定式短语 To learn to forgive others 作主语；forgive others 意为 “宽恕他人”。 2.He is the first person to stand up for justice. 解析：不定式 to stand up for justice 作后置定语，修饰序数词 first 后的名词 person；stand up for justice 意为 “维护正义”。 3.We need to decide when to start this public welfare activity. 解析：need to do sth. 意为 “需要做某事”；“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构 when to start... 作 decide 的宾语；public welfare activity 意为 “公益活动”。 4.The old man donated a lot of money to help poor students. 解析：不定式 to help poor students 作目的状语，说明捐赠钱的目的；donate money 意为 “捐赠钱”。 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（18-19高一下·江苏盐城·期末）Make full use of whatever happens to you, for there is something ________ from every experience. A．learning B．learned C．to learn D．being learned 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：充分利用发生在你身上的一切，因为每一次经历都有值得学习的地方。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作后置定语修饰something。故选C项。 2．（22-23高一上·江西吉安·期末）Our government tries to do everything they can_________ people live a better life. A．to help B．help C．helping D．helped 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们的政府尽一切努力帮助人们过上更好的生活。结合句意，分析句子可知，“help people live a better life”是“do everything they can”的目的，用不定式表目的，因此空格处是to help，故选A项。 3．（21-22高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）They arrived at the airport only_____the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪航班被取消了。不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果，本处表达的是到达机场后却发现航班被取消，用only to do sth.符合题意。故选B项。 4．（24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）The tourists were eager ______ the magnificent waterfall and then had their pictures ______ against it. A．to view; taken B．viewing; taking C．to view; taking D．viewing; taken 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们渴望观赏壮观的瀑布，然后以瀑布为背景拍照。“be eager to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，第一个空应填“to view”，表示游客们渴望观赏瀑布；“have sth. done”为固定搭配，意为“让某事被做”，第二个空应填过去分词taken，作宾语补足语，表示让他们的照片被拍摄，即“以瀑布为背景拍照”。故选A。 5．（15-16高一上·山东枣庄·期末）The speaker raised his voice _____ make himself _____ by the listeners． A．so that; heard B．in order to; hearing C．so as to; heard D．to; to be heard 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：讲话者提高嗓门，这样就可以使自己被观众听到。A.so that以便为了；heard听到；B. in order to以便为了；hearing听到；C.so as to以便为了；heard听到；D.to为了；to be heard被听到。设空处在句中作非谓语，结合句意，第一个设空处表示目的，应用动词不定式形式或者so as to或者in order to；第二个设空处为“make+宾语+宾补”的结构，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式。故选C。 二、完形填空 （22-23高二下·湖北·期末）The first time I paid by scanning barcodes (条形码) on goods, I ended up paying 40 yuan ($5.8) more than I should have. I went looking for a salesperson inside the store, but she was 1 to explain how to get my money back, despite both of us using translation apps. I 2 going to that store for two whole years, until a Chineses speaking friend spoke to the 3 and explained to me that the money was still there in an app, which I made use of to pay for goods worth 40 yuan at the store. I went back to buy things from there again. I particularly 4 their hot chocolate and had, by now, 5 the art of buying things at the unmanned counter. 6 , the hot chocolate didn’t have a barcode, but I knew how to select it on the touch-screen menu. I would 7 a cup from a dispenser (自动售货机) before selecting the cup icon (图标) worth 3.5 yuan to make the payment. It was 8 ! I had been doing this for some time until, one day, following a software upgrade, I hit a 9 . I was unable to include the hot chocolate after 10 the barcode of other things I had bought. I again went looking for the salesperson, who helped me find it, tapping a(n) 11 that cost 5 yuan. “That’s 5 yuan?” I asked using the translation app. “I have been paying 3.5 yuan up until now.” I didn’t know why I had 12 it cost 3.50 yuan. At least I would have been 13 this embarrassment had there been a manned counter. However, I as spared further 14 when the saleswoman said “Meishi, meishi (doesn’t matter) 15 before rushing away. 1．A．unable B．frightened C．delighted D．capable 2．A．missed B．enjoyed C．fancied D．avoided 3．A．waitress B．shopper C．saleswoman D．applicant 4．A．mentioned B．displayed C．made D．liked 5．A．forgiven B．perfected C．required D．accused 6．A．By design B．On average C．In fact D．As a result 7．A．take up B．pick up C．break up D．clean up 8．A．awkward B．fair C．awful D．easy. 9．A．record B．nerve C．wall D．ball 10．A．painting B．scanning C．purchasing D．delivering 11．A．icon B．menu C．app D．counter 12．A．imagined B．assumed C．explained D．agreed 13．A．promised B．brought C．shown D．spared 14．A．pain B．anxiety C．embarrassment D．trouble 15．A．warmly B．excitedly C．anxiously D．coldly 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在无人值守柜台的店里用扫码支付的方式买东西时所发生的事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我去店里找销售人员，但她无法解释如何拿回我的钱，尽管我们都使用了翻译软件。A. unable不能的；B. frightened害怕的；C. delighted高兴的；D. capable有能力的。根据下文“despite both of us using translation apps”可知，句子表示“她无法解释如何拿回我的钱，尽管我们都使用了翻译软件”。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：整整两年，我都没有去那家店，直到一位会说中文的朋友和售货员交谈，并向我解释说，钱还在一个应用程序里，我用这个钱在这家店买了价值40元的商品。A. missed错过；B. enjoyed喜欢；C. fancied喜欢，想要；D. avoided避免。根据下文“I went back to buy things from there again”可知，整整两年，作者都没有去那家店，空格处意为“避免”。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整整两年，我都没有去那家店，直到一位会说中文的朋友和售货员交谈，并向我解释说，钱还在一个应用程序里，我用这个钱在这家店买了价值40元的商品。A. waitress女服务员；B. shopper店员；C. saleswoman售货员；D. applicant申请人。根据第一段的“I went looking for a salesperson inside the store, but she”可知，一位会说中文的朋友和售货员交谈。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特别喜欢他们的热巧克力，到目前为止，我已经熟练掌握了在无人柜台买东西的艺术。A. mentioned提到；B. displayed展示；C. made制作；D. liked喜欢。根据上文“I went back to buy things from there again”和下文“their hot chocolate”可知，作者特别喜欢他们的热巧克力。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特别喜欢他们的热巧克力，到目前为止，我已经熟练掌握了在无人柜台买东西的艺术。A. forgiven原谅；B. perfected完善；C. required要求；D. accused控告。根据下文“I knew how to select it on the touch-screen menu”可知，作者已经熟练掌握了在无人柜台买东西的艺术。故选B。 6．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，热巧克力没有条形码，但我知道如何在触摸屏菜单上选择它。A. By design故意地；B. On average平均；C. In fact事实上；D. As a result结果。根据下文“the hot chocolate didn’t have a barcode, but I knew how to select it on the touch-screen menu”可知，事实上，热巧克力没有条形码，但作者知道如何在触摸屏菜单上选择它。故选C。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我会从自动售货机里拿起一个杯子，然后选择价值3.5元的杯子图标进行支付。A. take up占据；B. pick up拿起；C. break up分手；D. clean up打扫。根据下文“a cup from a dispenser (自动售货机) before selecting the cup icon (图标) worth 3.5 yuan to make the payment”可知，句子表示“我会从自动售货机里拿起一个杯子，然后选择价值3.5元的杯子图标进行支付”。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很容易！A. awkward尴尬的；B. fair公平的；C. awful糟糕的；D. easy容易的。根据上文“__5___the art of buying things at the unmanned counter”可知，此处表示“这很容易”。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我这样做已经有一段时间了，直到有一天，在一次软件升级之后，我遇到了阻碍。A. record记录；B. nerve神经；C. wall墙，壁；D. ball球。根据下文“I was unable to include the hot chocolate after___10___ the barcode of other things I had bought”可知，在一次软件升级之后，作者遇到了阻碍，hit the wall意为“碰壁”。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在扫描了我买的其他东西的条形码后，我无法把热巧克力加进去。A. painting（给……）上油漆；B. scanning扫描；C. purchasing购买；D. delivering递送。根据第一段的“I paid by scanning barcodes (条形码) on goods”可知，此处表示“扫描我买的其他东西的条形码”。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我再次去找销售人员，他帮我找到了它，点击了一个5元的图标。A. icon图标；B. menu菜单；C. app应用程序；D. counter柜台。根据下文“that cost 5 yuan”可知，此处表示“点击了一个5元的图标”。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道为什么我设想它值3.5元。A. imagined想象；B. assumed假设；C. explained解释；D. agreed同意。根据下文“it cost 3.50 yuan”可知，句子表示“我不知道为什么我设想它值3.5元”。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，如果有一个有人值守的柜台，我就不会有这种尴尬了。A. promised答应；B. brought带来；C. shown展示；D. spared免去。根据下文“had there been a manned counter”和下文“spared further”可知，此处表示“如果有一个有人值守的柜台，我就不会有这种尴尬了”，空格处是spared。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当女售货员热情地说了句“没事，没事”后，我才避免了进一步的尴尬。A. pain痛苦；B. anxiety焦虑；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“I would have been ___13___this embarrassment had there been a manned counter”可知，句子表示“当女售货员热情地说了句“没事，没事”后，我才避免了进一步的尴尬”。故选C。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当女售货员热情地说了句“没事，没事”后，我才避免了进一步的尴尬。A. warmly热情地；B. excitedly激动地；C. anxiously忧虑地；D. coldly冷淡地。根据上文“the saleswoman said “Meishi, meishi (doesn’t matter)”可知，此处表示“女售货员热情地说了句“没事，没事””。故选A。 三、语法填空 （23-24高一下·全国·课后作业） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an important part in our lives. It has the power to connect people in different 1 (part) of the world to a single shared community. We can achieve almost anything online — with access 2 the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages. One of the greatest advantages of the Internet 3 (lie) in the quick and easy availability of a huge amount of information. With the click of a mouse 4 the touch of a button, we are likely to find out almost anything we care to know. The Internet has also made our lives 5 (unbelievable) convenient. You can have food 6 (deliver) to you using food delivery apps and sites. Above all else, the Internet helps us establish and maintain social ties. An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on 7 update — there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them. While the Internet brings many valuable advantages, it raises all sorts of questions. When 8 (surf) the Internet, how can we protect ourselves? How can we use the Internet property and responsibly? We must be aware of these problems and be careful about whether 9 (trust) the site. When used safely, the Internet can be a place of discovery, wonder and 10 (inspire) for everyone. 【答案】 1. parts 2．to 3．lies 4．or 5．unbelievably 6．delivered 7．an 8．surfing 9．to trust 10．inspiration 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了互联网的好处，并且告诉我们只有谨慎地使用互联网，我们才能享受互联网带来的不可估量的好处。 1．考查名词的数。句意：它能够将世界各地的人们连接起来，形成一个共同的社区。根据上文different可知用复数。故填parts。 2．考查介词。句意：在互联网上，我们几乎可以实现任何事情——有了互联网的接入，便拥有了诸多真正改变人生的便利条件。短语with access to表示“接入……”。故填to。 3．考查时态。句意：互联网最大的优势之一在于能够迅速且便捷地获取海量的信息。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为One of the greatest advantages of the Internet，谓语用单数。故填lies。 4．考查连词。句意：只需轻轻点击鼠标或按下按钮，我们就能轻松获取几乎所有我们想要了解的信息。此处为选择关系，用连词or。故填or。 5．考查副词。句意：互联网也让我们的生活变得无比便捷。修饰形容词convenient用副词unbelievably。故填unbelievably。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以通过食品配送应用程序和网站来获取食品配送服务。此处deliver与food构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填delivered。 7．考查冠词。句意：即时消息、群聊、视频通话、对最新动态的评论——分享自己的观点或让他人知晓自己关心对方的方式可谓多种多样。此处update为泛指，且是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在上网时，我们该如何保护自己呢？此处surf与we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填surfing。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须清楚这些情况，并谨慎考虑是否要信任该网站。此处为疑问词+不定式结构，故填to trust。 10．考查名词。句意：如果使用得当，互联网对于每个人而言都将是探索新知、体验奇妙事物以及获得灵感的场所。作介词的宾语，用名词inspiration。故填inspiration。 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．The teacher recommended that all students ______ this classic novel ______ their reading skills. A．read; improve B．be read; to improve C．should read; to improve D．should be read; to be improved 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词用法。句意：老师建议所有学生都阅读这本经典小说，以此来提高他们的阅读能力。根据语法规则，recommend后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，且students和read为主动关系，因此第一空用should read；第二空用不定式to improve作目的状语，表示“阅读小说的目的是提高阅读能力”。故选C项。 2．______ to the café where they planned to meet, she pushed open the door only______ he had left. A．Rushing; to find B．Rushed; to find C．Rushing; finding D．To rush; finding 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她冲向他们计划见面的咖啡馆，推开门却发现他已经离开了。第一空，she与rush之间是主动关系，用现在分词rushing作伴随状语，；第二空，only to do表示出乎意料的结果，这里“发现他已经离开”是意外的结果，所以用to find。故选A项。 3．He is content ________ his evenings reading a good book, enjoying the simple pleasures of life. A．about spending B．to spend C．with spending D．for spending 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他满足于晚上读一本好书，享受生活中简单的乐趣。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be content to do“满足于做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故选B项。 4．It is not uncommon________ problems of communication ________ between generations. A．as; arise B．for; to arise C．of; rising D．with; rise 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：代际间出现交流问题并不罕见。It is + adj. + for sb./sth. + to do sth.对于某人/某物来说，做某事是……的，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故选B。 5．As a manager, I try________ the meetings short and to the point, so as________ everyone’s time. A．to keep; not to waste B．keeping; not to waste C．to keep; to waste D．keeping; to waste 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式。句意：作为一名经理，我努力让会议简短且切中要点，以免浪费大家的时间。try to 根据句意可知，我努力让会议简短且切中要点，以免浪费大家的时间。try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，try doing sth意为“尝试做某事”，结合句意此处指“我努力让会议简短且切中要点”，使用try to do；so as (not) to do sth.表示“为了（不）做某事”，固定短语。故选A。 二、选词填空 Directions: Complete the following ten sentences by using the words in the box. Note that there is one choice more than you need. A．accustomed to  B．had no access to  C． admires  D．absorb  E. acts as F. admitted  G. in the absence of  H. account for 1．In the old society, people from poor families education. 2．It is clear that everyone him for his strong sense of humor. 3．Plants carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. 4．The driver who had knocked down an old woman drinking before driving. 5．This dictionary a helpful tool for your English study. 6．We need time to get the new school rules. 7．We asked a local person for directions a map. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．E 6．A 7．G 【解析】 1．考查动词短语。句意：在旧社会，贫困家庭的孩子无法获得教育。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词短语作谓语，had no access to，表“无法获得；没有途径接触”，结合“In the old society”可知句子用一般过去时，符合“旧社会贫困家庭孩子的教育处境”语境。故选B。 2．考查动词。句意：显然，每个人都钦佩他强烈的幽默感。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作谓语，admires。表“钦佩；赞赏”，句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 everyone为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式，符合“因幽默感被他人认可”的语境。故选C。 3．考查动词。句意：植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，从土壤中吸收水分。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作谓语，absorb，表“吸收”，句子陈述植物的自然特性用一般现在时，主语Plants为复数，动词用原形，符合“植物的生理功能”语境。故选D。 4．考查动词。句意：撞倒一位老太太的司机承认开车前喝了酒。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作谓语，admitted，表“承认”，结合语境“撞人后承认酒驾”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，符合“事故后的事实陈述”语境。故选F。 5．考查动词短语。句意：这本词典可作为你英语学习的实用工具。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词短语作谓语，acts as，表“充当；作为”，句子陈述词典的功能用一般现在时，主语This dictionary为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式，符合“工具的用途”语境。故选E。 6．考查动词短语。句意：我们需要时间来适应新的校规。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词短语，get accustomed to，为固定搭配，表“习惯于；适应”，符合“面对新规则需要适应过程”的语境。故选A。 7．考查介词短语。句意：由于没有地图，我们向当地人问路。分析句子结构可知，此空应填介词短语作状语，in the absence of，表“缺乏；没有”，说明“向当地人问路”的原因是 “没有地图”，符合语境逻辑。故选G。 三、完形填空 16-year-old Mia Carter, a student from New York’s Brooklyn district, used to be obsessed with the “ideal body” images on social media. Her Instagram Feed was flooded with posts of teens with slim figures, and she soon began to feel 1 about her own body, which was a little curvier (曲线更明显的)than the online “standards”. Determined to change, she made a risky decision: she would 2 most meals and only eat a small bowl of salad every day. At first, Mia felt a sense of 3 when she saw her weight drop by two pounds in a week. She even showed off her “progress” to her best friend, Lily, but Lily frowned and warned her that extreme dieting would hurt her health. Mia, however, didn’t take the advice seriously, thinking Lily was just being 4 . Within three weeks, though, the bad 5 of her diet started to show. She became 6 during class, unable to 7 on her lessons, and had to quit the school volleyball team she’d joined years ago because of lack of energy. Her mom, Mrs Carter, noticed the changes immediately and grew deeply 8 . She took Mia to see a doctor, who told them that Mia was 9 of protein and other essential nutrients. The doctor also explained that true beauty wasn’t about a perfect figure, but about a healthy body and a positive mind. With the doctor’s guidance, she started a 10 eating plan and did light exercise to get into better 11 without starving herself. Two months later, Mia recovered completely, returned to the volleyball team, and got an A in math. She walked with newfound 12 , and Lily said she looked far 13 and happier. At a class sharing session on healthy lifestyles, Mia 14 her experience, warning peers against false beauty standards. By semester’s end, she’d learned the true meaning of 15 good and feeling good. 1．A．satisfied B．insecure C．ignorant D．confused 2．A．acquire B．treat C．enjoy D．skip 3．A．shame B．guilt C．achievement D．sadness 4．A．annoying B．supportive C．helpful D．understanding 5．A．causes B．origins C．effects D．products 6．A．energetic B．exhausted C．focused D．relaxed 7．A．take B．count C．reflect D．concentrate 8．A．concerned B．rough C．horrible D．familiar 9．A．confident B．independent C．short D．proud 10．A．frequent B．balanced C．original D．fashionable 11．A．shape B．health C．situation D．state 12．A．courage B．confidence C．bravery D．desire 13．A．slimmer B．prettier C．thinner D．healthier 14．A．told B．announced C．reported D．shared 15．A．looking B．performing C．appearing D．showing 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁的米娅·卡特减肥的过程中的心理历程以及对健康态度的变化，警示同龄人不要盲目追求虚假的美丽标准。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的照片墙里满是身材苗条的青少年的帖子，很快她就对自己比网上“标准”略显丰满的身材感到自卑。A. satisfied满意的；B. insecure缺乏自信的、自卑的；C. ignorant无知的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文“obsessed with the ‘ideal body’ images”以及后文“a little curvier (弯曲的)than the online “standards””可知，米娅拿自己的身材和网上的标准对比，内心是“自卑的”。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她下定决心要改变，于是做了一个冒险的决定：她会跳过大部分正餐，每天只吃一小碗沙拉。A. acquire获得；B. treat招待；C. enjoy享受；D. skip跳过、不做（常指不参加活动或不吃东西）。根据后文“only eat a small bowl of salad every day”可知，米娅为了减肥，“跳过”了大部分正餐。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，当看到自己一周内体重下降了两磅时，米娅有种成就感。A. shame羞愧；B. guilt内疚；C. achievement成就；D. sadness悲伤。根据前文米娅决心减肥，以及后文“showed off her ‘progress’”可知，体重下降让她产生了“成就感”。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，米娅并没有认真对待这个建议，觉得莉莉只是在惹人烦。A. annoying令人厌烦的；B. supportive支持的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. understanding善解人意的。根据前文“didn’t take the advice seriously”可知，米娅不认同莉莉的警告，反而觉得她的话“令人厌烦”。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，三周之内，她节食的不良影响就开始显现了。A. causes原因；B. origins起源；C. effects影响；D. products产品。根据后文“She became __6__during class, unable to __7__ on her lessons, and had to quit the school volleyball team she’d joined years ago because of lack of energy.”可知，这些都是节食带来的负面“影响”。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她上课时变得疲惫不堪，无法集中精力听课，还因为精力不足不得不退出了加入多年的校排球队。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. exhausted疲惫的；C. focused专注的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后文“lack of energy”可知，米娅因为节食，身体变得“疲惫不堪”。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她上课时变得疲惫不堪，无法集中精力听课，还因为精力不足不得不退出了加入多年的校排球队。A. take拿；B. count数数；C. reflect反思；D. concentrate集中（注意力）。根据前文“became __6__ during class”以及固定搭配“concentrate on”（集中注意力于）可知，米娅疲惫到无法“集中精力”听课。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的妈妈卡特夫人立刻注意到了这些变化，变得非常担心。A. concerned担心的；B. rough粗糙的；C. horrible可怕的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Her mom, Mrs Carter, noticed the changes immediately”可知，妈妈注意到米娅的变化，深感担忧。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她带米娅去看医生，医生告诉她们米娅缺乏蛋白质和其他必需的营养物质。A. confident自信的；B. independent独立的；C. short短缺的；D. proud自豪的。根据后文“of protein and other essential nutrients”以及“true beauty wasn’t about a perfect figure, but about a healthy body and a positive mind”可知，医生告诉米娅和她的妈妈，米娅缺乏蛋白质和其他必需的营养素，因此需要健康饮食。be short of“缺乏”。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医生的指导下，她开始采用均衡的饮食计划，进行轻度锻炼，这样既能改善体型，又不用挨饿。A. frequent频繁的；B. balanced均衡的；C. original原来的；D. fashionable时尚的。根据后文“eating plan and did light exercise”可知，米娅开始了一个均衡的饮食计划。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在医生的指导下，她开始了一个均衡的饮食计划，并进行轻度锻炼，以在不饿着自己的情况下改善体形。A. shape形状；B. health健康；C. situation情况；D. state状态。根据前文“did light exercise”可知，米娅进行轻度锻炼是为了改善体形。get into shape为固定短语，意为“改善体形”。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她走路时带着一种全新的自信，莉莉说她看起来比以前健康多了，也开心多了。A. courage勇气；B. confidence自信；C. bravery勇敢；D. desire欲望。根据后文“Lily said she looked far__13__ and happier”可知，米娅恢复了健康，因此走路时带着一种全新的自信。故选B项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她走路时带着一种全新的自信，莉莉说她看起来比以前健康多了，也开心多了。A. slimmer更苗条的；B. prettier更漂亮的；C. thinner更瘦的；D. healthier更健康的。根据前文“Mia recovered completely”可知，米娅恢复了健康，因此看起来更健康。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次关于健康生活方式的班级分享会上，米娅分享了她的经历，警告同龄人不要盲目追求虚假的美丽标准。A. told告诉；B. announced宣布；C. reported报告；D. shared分享。根据后文“her experience, warning peers against false beauty standards”可知，米娅在班级分享会上分享了自己的经历。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到学期末，她终于明白了外表出众和身心愉悦的真正含义。A. looking看起来；B. performing表演；C. appearing出现；D. showing展示。根据前文“She walked with newfound __12__, and Lily said she looked far __13__ and happier.”以及固定搭配“look good”（看起来好看、外表出众）可知，米娅对身材和审美的认知改变，明白了外表出众和身心愉悦的真正含义，此处指“外表出众”。故选A项。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese chess, also known as Xiangqi, shines brightly as a traditional intellectual game with a long-standing history. It has not only been a pastime for the Chinese people for centuries but also a carrier of profound cultural connotations (内涵意义). The origin of Chinese chess can be traced back to the Warring States Period. At first, it was a military - themed board game 1 was used to simulate (模拟) battle formations and strategies. Over time, it evolved and spread among the general public, 2 (become) a popular form of entertainment. According to historical records, in the Tang Dynasty, Chinese chess   3 (go) through significant improvements, and the modern-day form of the game started to take shape. In 2008, Chinese chess was   4 (official) listed as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. This recognition is a testament to its long-standing history, cultural significance, and its role 5 the social and cultural life of the Chinese people. As 6 intangible cultural heritage, Chinese chess is not only a game but a part of China's cultural identity, passed down from generation to generation. It represents the 7 (wise)and creativity of the Chinese nation and has become an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture. The government and various cultural institutions have been making efforts 8 (protect) and promote Chinese chess, organizing training programs, competitions, and cultural exchange activities to ensure 9 (it) continuous development and inheritance (传承). Nowadays ,Chinese chess 10 (play) by millions of people worldwide. 【答案】 1．which/that 2．becoming 3．went 4．officially 5．in 6．an 7．wisdom 8．to protect 9．its 10．is played 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国象棋的历史起源、发展演变以及其文化价值和传承现状。 1．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：起初，它是一款以军事为主题的棋盘游戏，被用来模拟作战阵型和策略。 空处引导定语从句，先行词是a military-themed board game（指物），关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，它不断演变并在大众中传播开来，成为了一种受欢迎的娱乐形式。句子已有谓语动词evolved and spread，且空处无连词连接，所以此处用非谓语动词；主语it（指代中国象棋）和become之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填becoming。 3．考查动词时态。句意：据史料记载，在唐朝时期，中国象棋经历了重大的改良，现代象棋的雏形开始形成。根据时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，go的过去式是went。故填went。 4．考查副词。句意：2008年，中国象棋被正式列入中国国家级非物质文化遗产名录。空处修饰动词listed，应用副词形式，official的副词是officially（正式地）。故填officially。 5．考查介词。句意：这一认定证明了它悠久的历史、文化意义以及它在中国人民社会文化生活中的作用。固定搭配play a role in... 表示“在……中起作用”，此处填介词in。故填in。 6．考查冠词。句意：作为一项非物质文化遗产，中国象棋不仅仅是一种游戏，更是中国文化认同的一部分，代代相传。intangible cultural heritage是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一项非物质文化遗产”，intangible以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 7．考查名词。句意：它体现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，已成为中国传统文化的一个重要象征。空处和creativity并列作动词represents的宾语，应用名词形式，wise的名词是wisdom（智慧，不可数名词）。故填wisdom。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府和各类文化机构一直在努力保护和推广中国象棋，组织培训课程、比赛和文化交流活动，以确保其持续的发展与传承。固定搭配make efforts to do sth. 表示“努力做某事”。故填to protect。 9．考查代词。句意：政府和各类文化机构一直在努力保护和推广中国象棋，组织培训课程、比赛和文化交流活动，以确保其持续的发展与传承。空处修饰名词短语continuous development and inheritance，应用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词是its。故填its。 10．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，数百万来自世界各地的人们都在玩中国象棋。根据时间状语Nowadays可知，此处描述现在的情况；主语Chinese chess和play之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be 动词用is，play的过去分词是played。故填is played。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $