内容正文:
期末词汇复习
必修第三册·重庆大学版·Unit2 CulturalHeritage-ReadingFurt
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一、重点单词详解
1:rebuild
一、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v.重建;改建;重新组装
二、构词法(词性转换)
前缀:re-(表示”再次;重新”)
词根:build(v.建造;建立)
动词:1 ebuild(由1e-+build构成,强调”再次建造)
名词:rebuilding(动名词形式,表”重建的过程”)
三、用法与常见搭配
及物动词(rebuild)
rebuild sth.(重建某物,如城市、家园、关系等):rebuild the city after the earthquake(地
震后重建城市)
rebuild one's life/,career(重建生活/事业)
rebuild confidence/tust(重建信心/信任)
常见被动语态:The old house was rebuilt last year..(这栋老房子去年被重建了。)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:rebuild vs.construct vs.establish
rebuild:侧重?在原有基础上重新建造,如修复受损事物:
construct::泛指”建造具体事物”,如房屋、桥梁等;
establish:侧重”建立抽象事物”,如组织、关系、理论等。
2:supply
“、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)、名词(n.)
核心义:v.供应;提供;补给n.供应;供给;物资
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:supply(v.供应)
名词:supply(可作可数/不可数名词,表”供应品:供应量”)
形容词:supplied(过去分词作形容词,表”被供应的”)
三、用法与常见搭配
动词(supply)
supply sb.with sth.(向某人提供某物):The company supplies us with raw materials.(这
家公司向我们提供原材料。)
supply sth.tosb.(向某人供应某物,与上述结构互换):Water is supplied to every household.
(每户都有自来水供应。)
名词(supply)
a supply of sth.(一定量的某物):a good supply of food(充足的食物供应)
supplies(常用复数,表物资;补给品”):medical supplies(医疗物资)
in short supply(供应短缺):Fresh water is in short supply in the area..(该地区淡水供应短
缺。)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:supply vs.provide vs.offer
supply:侧重”持续、大量地供应”,多用于物资、资源等:
provide:泛指提供所需之物,常用搭配provide sb.with sth.;
offer:侧重”主动提出给予”,可接双宾语offer sb.sth.。
3:guidance
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.指导;引导;咨询
、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:gide(v.指导;引导n.导游;指南)
动词:guide(v.指导)
名词:guidance(由guide+-ance构成,表”指导的行为或结果”)
形容词:guiding(现在分词作形容词,表”指导性的)
三、用法与常见搭配
不可数名词(无复数形式)
under sb.'s guidance(在某人的指导下):She finished the project under her teacher's
guidance..(她在老师的指导下完成了项目。)
give/provide guidance on sth.(就某事提供指导):The book provides guidance on career
planning.(这本书提供了职业规划指导。)
seek guidance(寻求指导):Students can seek guidance from the counselor..(学生可以向辅
导员寻求指导。)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:guidance vs.instruction vs.direction
guidance:侧重”抽象的、长期的指导”,如人生、学习方向的引导:
instruction:侧重”具体的、步骤性的指示”,如操作说明、课堂指令;
direction:侧重?方向上的指引,也可表”命令”,如行车方向、工作指示。
4:officially
一、核心考点
词性:副词(adv.)
核心义:adv.官方地;正式地;公开地
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:office(n.办公室;官方机构)
形容词:official(adj.官方的;正式的)
副词:of伍cially(由official+-y构成,表”官方地;正式地)
名词:official(n.官员;职员)
三、
用法与常见搭配
修饰动词/形容词/整个句子
officially announce(官方宣布):The news was officially announced yesterday..(该消息昨
天已官方宣布。)
officially open(正式开放):The new library will be officially open next month.(新图书馆
将于下月正式开放。)
officially confirm(公开证实):It has been officially confirmed that he will resign.(已公开
证实他将辞职。)
反义词:nofficially(非官方地;私下地)
四、拓展用法
语境搭配:在新闻报道、正式场合中常用,如官方声明、政府公告等。
例句:Officially,.the project is still in progress,.but actually it has stopped..(官方称项目仍
在进行中,但实际上已停止。)
5:official
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(ad山)、名词(n.)
核心义:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的n.官员:职员
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:of伍ce(n.办公室;官方机构)
形容词:official(adj.官方的)
名词:official(n.官员,由形容词转化而来,表”从事官方工作的人)
副词:of伍cially(见上一词讲解)
三、用法与常见搭配
形容词(official)
official language(官方语言):English is one of the official languages in Canada.(英语是
加拿大的官方语言之一。)
official document(官方文件):You need to provide an official ID card.(你需要提供官方
身份证件。)
official visit(正式访问):The president is on an official visit to China.(总统正在对中国
进行正式访问。)
名词(official)
government official(政府官员):local officials(地方官员)
an official from the ministry(ministry的官员)
四、拓展用法
反义词:nofficial(adj.非官方的:非正式的):nofficial news(非官方消息)
6:pleased
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.高兴的;愉快的;满意的
二、构词法omorphisms(词性转换)
词根:please(v.使高兴;请)
动词:please(v.使满意;取悦)
形容词:pleased(过去分词作形容词,表”感到高兴的”,主语通常是人)
pleasant(adj.令人愉快的,主语通常是物)
副词:pleasantly(愉快地)》
名词:pleasure(n.愉快;乐趣)
三、用法与常见搭配
be pleased+介词/不定式
be pleased with sth./sb.(对某物/某人满意):My parents are pleased with my exam results
(父母对我的考试成绩很满意。)
be pleased to do sth.(很高兴做某事):I'm pleased to meet you.(很高兴认识你。)
be pleased that..(对…感到高兴):She was pleased that her son had passed the test..(她
很高兴儿子通过了考试。)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:pleased vs.happy vs..glad
pleased:侧重”因某事的发生或结果而感到满意”,语气较正式;
happy:泛指”长时间的、强烈的快乐,可用于各种情境:
glad:侧重”因某具体事情而感到短暂的喜悦”,语气较口语化。
7:challenging
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.具有挑战性的;考验能力的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词root:challenge(v.挑战:质疑n.挑战;难题)
动词:challenge(v.挑战;对…提出质疑)
名词:challenge(n.挑战;艰巨任务)
形容词:challenging(由challenge+-ing构成,表”具有挑战性的”)
challenged(过去分词作形容词,表”有残疾的;受到挑战的”,较少见)
三、用法与常见搭配
修饰名词(作定语)
a challenging task/job(一项具有挑战性的任务/工作):Teaching young children is a
challenging job.(教幼儿是一项具有挑战性的工作。)
a challenging problem(一道难题):The math problem is challenging for me.(这道数学题
对我来说有难度。)
修饰表语
be challenging(具有挑战性):The competition will be challenging.(这场比赛将很有挑战
性。)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:challenging vs.difficult vs.demanding
challenging:强调”需要付出努力和智慧才能完成”,有积极含义;
dif伍cult:泛指”困难的,语气中性;
demanding:强调”要求高、耗费精力的”。
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.After the flood,the local government decided to_the damaged bridges as soon as possi-
ble.
A)construct
B)rebuild
C)establish
D)supply
2.The company promised toall customers with high-quality products.
A)provide
B)offer
C)supply
D)guide
3.Students should seek from teachers when they face difficulties in study.
A)instruction
B)direction
C)guidance
D)challenge
4.The new policy was_announced by the mayor at the press conference yesterday.
A)officially
B)unofficially
C)pleasedly
D)challengingly
5.English is one of the languages used in international conferences.
A)official
B)unofficial
C)pleased
D)guiding
6.My parents werewith my performance in the final exam.
A)pleasant
B)pleased
C)pleasing
D)pleasure
7.Completing the project within a week is atask for our team.
A)challenge
B)challenged
C)challenging
D)challenger
8.Medicalare being sent to the earthquake-stricken area by air.
A)supply
B)supplies
C)supplying
D)supplied
9.The manager is_to meet you at 3 p.m.tomorrow afternoon.
A)pleased
B)pleasant
C)glad
D)happy
10.Under the of the coach,the team won the championship.
A)instruction
B)direction
C)guidance
D)official
(二)根据提示补全句子(6题)
1.The(rebuild)of the ancient temple will start next month
2.The factory was asked to increase the(supply)of masks during the pandemic
3.With the(guide)of her mentor,she successfully published her first book.
4.The president made an(office)visit to Japan last week
5.We were(please)to hear that our proposal had been accepted.
6.Solving environmental problems requires_(challenge)efforts from all countries.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.The government has launched a program to r the old city center.
2.Fresh water is in short s in some desert regions.
3.Young people often need g_to make career choices.
4.The new law will be o_implemented next year
5.The mayor is an important o_in the local government.
6.She was pthat her son had been admitted to a top university.
7.Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a highly c task.
8.The company supplies electricity to millions of h
9.The teacher provided cguidance on essay writing
10.The news was u reported before the official announcement.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:B CC AA B C B A C
解析1(第1题):
考查ebuild的用法。1 ebuild表示”重建;改建”,符合句意”洪水过后,当地政府决定尽
快重建受损的桥梁”;construct表示”建造”,establish表示”建立,supply表示供应,
均不符合语境,故选B。
解析2(第2题):
考查supply的固定搭配。supply sb.with sth.表示”向某人提供某物”,符合句意”该公司
承诺向所有客户提供高质量产品”;provide和ofer虽然也有”提供”的意思,但supply
更强调”持续、大量地供应”,故选C。
解析3(第3题):
考查guidance的用法。seek guidance表示”寻求指导”,符合句意学生在学习遇到困难
时应向老师寻求指导”;instruction表示”指示”,direction表示?方向”,challenge表示?
挑战”,均不符合语境,故选C。
2.补全句子答案:
1.rebuilding 2.supply 3.guidance 4.official 5.pleased 6.challenging
3.首字母填空答案:
1.rebuild 2.supply 3.guidance 4.officially 5.official 6.pleased 7.challenging 8.house-
holds 9.constructive 10.unofficially
英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit2 Cultural Heritage-Reading Further