Challenge Yourself B-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·重庆大学版·Challenge YourselfB 一、重点单词详解 1:shrink 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)/名词(n.) 核心义：v.收缩；缩小；退缩：萎缩n.精神病医生（口语) 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：shrunken/rkan/(ad.缩小的；菱缩的，由过去分词转化而来) 三、必记搭配与例句 shrink from doing sth.(退缩不敢做某事) shrink in size/number(在尺寸/数量上缩小) be shrunk by.…(因…而收缩) 四、重点辨析 shrink vs.contract:shrink侧重因物理变化（如遇热/冷）或心理因素导致的”缩小；退 缩”；contract侧重物体自身收缩？（如肌肉收缩），或法律/协议的”签订”。 2:flatten 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.使变平；弄平；（使）倒伏 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：flat/Het/(adj.平的：平坦的) 动词：flatten（由fat+-en构成，表”使…化) 名词：flatness/flatnes/(n.平坦；单调) 、 必记搭配与例句 flatten sth.out(把某物弄平) be flattened by sth.(被某物压平/击倒，如：flattened by the storm被暴风雨吹倒) flatten the curve((疫情等)拉平曲线，固定搭配) 3:stable “、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.稳定的；稳固的；n.马厩 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：stability /ste'brlati/(n.稳定性；稳固性，由stable+-ity构成) 副词：stably/sterbli/(adv.稳定地) 反义词：nstable/An'sterbl/(adj.不稳定的) 三、必记搭配与例句 stable job/Mife(稳定的工作/生活) remain stable（保持稳定) a stable relationship(稳固的关系) economic/political stability(经济政治稳定) maintain stability(维持稳定)》 4:stability 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.稳定（性）：稳固（性） 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：stable/sterbl/(ad.稳定的；稳固的) 副词：stably/sterbli/(adv.稳定地) 反义词：instability/msta'brleti/(n.不稳定性) 三、必记搭配与例句 gain/achieve stability(获得稳定) stability in sth.（某方面的稳定，如：stability in prices价格稳定) ensure stability（确保稳定) 5:rarely 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.很少：难得：罕见地 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：rare /rea/(adj.稀有的；罕见的) 副词：rarely(由rae+y构成) 三、必记搭配与例句】 位于句首时句子倒装：Rarely have I seen such a beautiful view.(我很少见到这么美的景 色。) 1 arely if ever(极少；几乎从不) rarely do sth.(很少做某事) 四、重点辨析 arely vs.hardly vs.scarcely:rarely侧重频率低”；hardly侧重'程度上几乎不；scarcely 侧重”数量上勉强够。 6:solid 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.固体的；坚固的；n.固体；立方体 二、构词法（词性转换） 副词：solidly/splrdli/(adv.坚固地；连续地) 名词：solidity/se'lrdati/(n.坚固；可靠性) 三、必记搭配与例句 solid evidence(确凿的证据) solid support(坚定的支持) frozen solid(冻成固体) in the solid(呈固体状态) three solids(三个立方体，数学语境) 7:covering 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)/形容词（adj.) 核心义：n.遮盖物：覆盖物；adj.覆盖的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：cover/kAva()/(v.覆盖；包括；报道) 名词：covering(由cover+-ing构成，表动作的产物) 三、必记搭配与例句 a covering of snow(一层雪覆盖物) protective covering(保护层) the covering layer(覆盖层) 四、重点辨析 covering vs..cover:covering侧重”具体的覆盖物”；cover可指”封面”掩护物”，也可作 动词表”覆盖”。 8:sphere 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.球：球体；领域：范围 二、构词法（拓展词汇） 合成词：biosphere/'barousfia(r)/(n.生物圈，bio-生命+sphere领域) atmosphere/'aetmasfia(r)/(n.大气层，atmo-大气+sphere) 三、必记搭配与例句 in the sphere of(在…领域，如：in the sphere of science在科学领域) a sphere of influence(势力范围，固定短语) geometric sphere（几何球体) 9:biosphere 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.生物圈 二、构词法（合成词） 词根：bio-(生命，如：biology生物学)+sphere(领域；球体)→生命存在的领域→ 生物圈 三、必记搭配与例句 the global biosphere（全球生物圈) protect the biosphere(保护生物圈) biosphere reserve(生物圈保护区，固定词组) 10:rarely 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.很少；难得；罕见地 二、语气强调 rarely+ever加强否定：She rarely ever goes out alone.(她几乎从不出门。) 与”seldom”同义，但rarely更正式，强调”稀有性”。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The company's profits have significantly due to the economic downturn. A)shrunk B)contracted C)flattened D)covered 2.The old building was by the strong earthquake last night. A)stable B)flattened C)solid D)shrunken 3.A government is essential for the country's development. A)stability B)stable C)stably D)unstable 4.have I met such a kind-hearted person in my life A)Hardly B)Scarcely C)Rarely D)Seldom 5.The witness provided_evidence to prove the suspect's guilt. A)solid B)stability C)solidly D)covering 6.The mountain was hidden under a thick of clouds. A)cover B)covering C)covered D)covers 7.Theof the ecosystem depends on the balance of all species. A)stable B)stably C)stability D)instability 8.Water turns into awhen the temperature drops below 0C. A)solid B)solidity C)solidly D)liquid 9.The includes all living organisms and their environment on Earth. A)sphere B)atmosphere C)biosphere D)covering 10.The team needs support from the fans to win the final match. A)solid B)stably C)rare D)flattened (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The economy has remained_(stable名词形式)for the past five years. 2.The ice cream froze(solid副词形式)in the freezer. 3.She has a_(rare副词形式)missed a day of work this year. 4.The(cover名词形式)of the book was designed by a famous artist 5.The government is taking measures to ensure political_(stable名词形式) 6.The lake was_(freeze solid after the cold wave. 7:His_(shrink过去分词)confidence made him afraid to speak in public. 8.The_(bio-+sphere合成词)is facing threats from pollution. 9.The building stands_(stable副词形式)on the hillside, 10.We need to maintain the_(solid名词形式)of the foundation to prevent collapse. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The number of students in the school has sfrom 500 to 300 in the past decade. 2.The storm f many trees in the park,blocking the roads 3.A s job is important for young people to plan their future. 4.Rdoes she go shopping on weekends because she is too busy. 5.The scientist found s_proof that the theory was correct. 6.The mountain was covered with a thick c_of snow after the blizzard. 7.Economic s is a key factor for attracting foreign investment. 8.Water becomes a swhen it is frozen at 0C. 9.The bincludes all living things and their interactions with the environment. 10.The protective con the phone screen prevents scratches. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A BB CA B C A C A 解析1（第1题）： 考查shrink的用法。shik表示收缩：缩小”，符合句意由于经济衰退，公司利润大 幅缩水；contract虽然也有”收缩？之意，但更侧重物体自身收缩或法律协议的签订，故 选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查f1 atten的用法。flatten表示”使变平；弄平，符合句意昨晚的强烈地震将这座I旧 建筑夷为平地”；其他选项不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第4题）： 考查iar'ely的用法。rarely位于句首时句子需要倒装，符合语法规则；hardly和scarcely 虽然也有否定含义，但arely更符合”很少遇到”的语境，故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.stability 2.solidly 3.rarely 4.cover 5.stability 6.frozen solid 7.shrunken 8.biosphere 9. stably 10.solidity 3.首字母填空答案： 1.shrunk 2.flattened 3.stable 4.Rarely 5.solid 6.covering 7.stability 8.solid 9.biosphere 10.covering 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Challenge Yourself B