Challenge Yourself B-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 必修第二册·重庆大学版·Challenge YourselfB 一、重点单词详解 1:maintain 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.维持；保持；维修：坚持；主张 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：main（主要的)+taim(持有，保持) 名词：maintenance/'merntenens,/(n.维护；保养；维持) 三、用法与常见搭配 维持（状态/关系）：maintain peace/order/health(维持和平/秩序/健康)；maintain a relationship(维系关系) 坚持（观点）：maintain that+从句（主张…，坚持认为…） 维修：maintain a car/machine(维修汽车/机器) 四、重点辨析 maintain vs.keep:maintain强调通过努力使事物保持良好状态（如maintain health); keep侧重持续某种状态（如keep silent) 2:strengthen 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.加强；巩固；增强：变强 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：strength /stren0/(n.力量；强度) 形容词：strong/stp四/(adj.强壮的；强烈的) 动词：strengthen（由strong+-en构成，表使…加强”) 三、用法与常见搭配 加强（能力/关系）：strengthen confidence/ies(增强信心/巩固联系) 巩固（地位/基础）：strengthen national defense(巩固国防)；strengthen the foundation(夯 实基础) 四、拓展 -en后缀：常见于动词，表”使”，如weaken(削弱)、shorten(缩短) 3:deepen “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.加深；深化：变深 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：deep/di:p/(adj.深的；adv.深深地) 名词：depth /dep/(n.深度；深处) 动词：deepen（由deep+-en构成，表”使…加深) 三、 用法与常见搭配 加深（情感/理解）：deepen understanding（加深理解)；deepen friendship(增进友谊) 变深（颜色/深度）：The river deepens in winter..(河水在冬天变深。) 四、重点辨析 deepen vs.increase:deepen侧重抽象意义的”深化”（如感情、认识），increase侧重数 量/程度的”增加？”（如increase speed) 4:trustworthy 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.值得信赖的；可靠的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：ust/trAst/(v.信任；n.信任) 形容词：trusting/'trastr/(adj.轻信的)；trustwo1thy(tust+worthy,表”值得信任的”) 三、用法与常见搭配 作定语：a trustworthy friend(可靠的朋友) 作表语：be trustworthy to do sth.(值得信赖做某事) 四、重点辨析 trustworthy vs.reliable:两者近义，但trustworthy更强调”值得信任的品质”，reliable侧 重”结果的可靠性”（如reliable data) 5:honesty “、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.诚实；正直；坦率 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：honest/Dmst/(adj.诚实的；老实的；正直的) 名词：honesty(由honest+-y构成，抽象名词) 三、用法与常见搭配 表品质：honesty is the best policy（诚实为上策) 介词搭配：with honesty(诚实地)；in all honesty(说实话，坦诚地说) 四、拓展 反义词：dishonesty/drs'pnrsti/(n.不诚实)：形容词dishonest(不诚实的) 6:apologise 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.道歉；认错；谢罪 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：apology/a'pDlad3i/(n.道歉；歉意) 动词：apologise(=apologize,英/美拼写差异) 、 用法与常见搭配 道歉对象：apologise to sb.for sth.(因某事向某人道歉) 道歉方式：apologise sincerely(真诚道歉)；apologise by doing sth.(通过做某事道歉) 四、注意 名词apology搭配：make an apology to sb.for sth.(=apologise to sb.for sth.) 7:forgive 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v原谅；宽恕；饶恕 reads、构词法（词性转换） 过去式/过去分词：forgave/f'gerv/;forgiven/f6'grv/ 名词：forgiveness/fa'grvnas/(n.宽恕；原谅) 三、用法与常见搭配 原谅某人：forgive sb.(for sth.)（原谅某人某事) 宽恕错误：forgive a mistake(宽恕错误) 四、重点辨析 forgive vs..excuse::forgive侧重情感上的”原谅过错”（如forgive a lie);excuse侧重”为 小过失辩解？（如excuse being late) 8:compromise 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.妥协；和解：让步；v.妥协；危及 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：com-(共同)+promise(承诺)→共同承诺→”妥协？ 三、用法与常见搭配 作名词：reach a compromise(达成妥协)；make a compromise(作出让步) 作动词：compromise with sb.(与某人妥协)；compromise on sth.（在某事上让步) 危及：compromise safety/security(危及安全) 四、注意 作”危及”时为及物动词，直接接宾语，如compromise one's1 eputation（损害名誉) 9:honest 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.诚实的：老实的；正直的 一、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：honesty/'onIsti/(n.诚实；正直) 副词：honestly/'Dnistli/(adv.诚实地；说实话) 三、用法与常见搭配 表品质：an honest person(诚实的人) 插入语：honestly speaking（老实说，说实话) 反义前缀：dishonest/drs'pnrst/(adj.不诚实的) 四、重点辨析 honest vs..sincere:honest侧重？言行真实”（如honest answer):sincere侧重”情感真挚 (如sincere apology) 10:communicate effectively 、 核心考点 词性：动词短语 核心义：有效沟通（固定搭配） 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词： communicate /ka'mju:rket/(v.交流；传达) 名词：communication/ka,mju:nI'ke/(n.沟通；通讯) 形容词：effective /I'fektrv/(adj.有效的；起作用的) 副词：effectively(由effective+-y构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 有效沟通方式：communicate effectively with others(与他人有效沟通) 拓展搭配：effective measures（有效措施)：communication skills(沟通技巧) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.We should try our best topeace in the world. A)keep B)maintain C)stay D)hold 2.Regular exercise can helpyour body and mind. A)strengthen B)deep C)honest D)trust 3.Reading widely canyour understanding of different cultures. A)increase B)deepen C)widen D)rise 4.A friend will always stand by you when you are in trouble. A)reliable B)trusting C)trustworthy D)honest 5.is very important in any relationship,whether it's between friends or family A)Honest B)Honesty C)Honestly D)Dishonesty 6.You should to her for being late yesterday. A)apologise B)apology C)forgive D)forgiveness 7.It's not easy tosomeone who has hurt you deeply. A)excuse B)forgive C)forget D)pardon 8.In order to solve the problem,both sides have to be willing to_ A)compromise B)promise C)agree D)disagree 9.speaking,I don't think this plan will work. A)Honest B)Honestly C)Honesty D)Dishonest 10.Learning to_with others is a key skill in modern society. A)communicate effective B)communicate effectively C)communication effective D)communication effectively (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The_(maintain)of the old building costs a lot of money every year. 2.We need to(strong)our team spirit to win the game. 3.The(deep)of the lake is about 20 meters. 4.He is a_(trust)person,so you can believe what he says. 5.She always behaves with(honest)and never tells lies. 6.Please accept my_(apologise)for the delay in replying to your email. 7.-(forgive)is a virtue that can make our hearts lighter 8.After hours of discussion,they finally reached a-(compromise). 9.To tell you the (honest),I don't like this movie at all. 10.Good(communicate)is essential for a successful marriage. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.It's important to m_a healthy lifestyle by exercising regularly and eating well. 2.Reading English newspapers every day can help s your language skills 3.The color of the sky d as the sun went down. 4.You can always rely on him because he is a t friend. 5.H is the best policy,so never cheat in exams. 6.If you make a mistake,you should a to others immediately. 7.She found it hard to f her brother for breaking her favorite toy. 8.Both countries agreed to con the trade issue to avoid a war. 9.H speaking,I think he is not suitable for this job 10.In order to ceffectively,you need to listen carefully as well as speak clearly. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B A B C B A B A BB 解析1（第1题）： 考查maintain的固定用法。maintain peace表示”维持和平”，强调通过努力保持某种状 态；keep侧重持续某种状态，stay强调停留，hold强调握住，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查strengthen的固定用法。strengthen your body and mind表示”增强身心”，符合句意” 定期锻炼有助于增强你的身心”；deep是形容词，honest和tust不符合语境，故选A。 解析3（第4题）： 考查trustworthy的固定用法。a trustworthy friend表示”值得信赖的朋友”，强调可信赖 的品质；eliable侧重可靠性，trusting表示轻信的，honest表示诚实的，均不符合语境， 故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.maintenance 2.strengthen 3.depth 4.trustworthy 5.honesty 6.apology 7.Forgiveness 8. compromise 9.truth 10.communication 3.首字母填空答案： 1.maintain 2.strengthen 3.deepened 4.trustworthy 5.Honesty 6.apologise 7.forgive 8. compromise 9.Honestly 10.communicate 英语词汇复习手册·必修第二册·Challenge Yourself B