内容正文:
期末词汇复习
必修第三册·译林版·Unit1Natureinthebalance
、】
重点单词详解
1:ecosystem
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.生态系统
二、构词法(词汇变形)
词根:eco-(生态,环境)+system(系统)→生态系统
形容词:ecosystemic./,i:kausI'sti:mik/(生态系统的)
三、必记搭配与例句
动词搭配:protect/preserve the ecosystem(保护生态系统);balance the ecosystem(平衡
生态系统);damage/destroy the ecosystem(破坏生态系统)
介词搭配:in the ecosystem(在生态系统中):part of the ecosystem(生态系统的一部分)
四、拓展用法
学术语境:强调生物群落与环境之间的相互作用,如The rainforest ecosystem suppo1ts
millions of species..”(雨林生态系统支撑着数百万物种。)
2:biodiversity
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.生物多样性
二、构词法(词汇变形)
词根:bio-(生物)+diversity(多样性)→生物多样性
形容词:biodiverse/,bareudar'v3:s/(生物多样的)
、
必记搭配与例句
动词搭配:conserve/promote biodiversity(保护/促进生物多样性);lose biodiversity(丧
失生物多样性)
介词搭配:loss of biodiversity(生物多样性的丧失);hotspot of biodiversity(生物多样
性热点地区)
四、拓展用法
环保主题高频词:常与protect'"threaten'”等词搭配,如?Human activities threaten global
biodiversity.”(人类活动威胁全球生物多样性。)
3:survive
一、核心考点
词性:动词(vi.&vt.)
核心义:vi.生存,存活;t.幸存,幸免于难
构词法(词汇变形)
前缀:sr(超过)+ive(生命,如vital)→超越生命→幸存
名词:survival /sa'varvl/(生存;幸存):survivor /se'vave()/(幸存者)
三、必记搭配与例句
不及物动词:survive in..(在…中生存);survive on.(依靠…生存)
及物动词:survive sth.(从中幸存),如survive the eart山hquake(从地震中幸存)
四、拓展用法
形近词辨析:survive(生存)vs.revive(复活);survive表示”经历困难后继续存在”,
如Some species cannot survive climate change..”(一些物种无法在气候变化中存活。)
4:variety
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.不同种类:变化,多样性:变种,变体
构词法(词汇变形)
形容词:various /'vearias/(各种各样的);vay/'vei/(v.变化;改变)
固定搭配:a variety of=varieties of(各种各样的),后接可数名词复数或不可数名词
必记搭配与例句
介词搭配:variety in.…(…方面的多样性);variety of sth.(某物的种类)
例句:There is a wide variety of plants in the rainforest.(雨林中有各种各样的植物。)
四、拓展用法
写作替换词:可替换'many kinds of”,如She tried various methods.-She tried a variety
of methods.(她尝试了多种方法。)
5:mass
、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)&形容词(adj)
核心义:n.大量:团,块,堆;一大群;ad.大批的,广泛的
二、
构词法(词汇变形)
副词:massively/maesrvli/(大量地;巨大地);名词:massiveness/'maesrvnas/(巨大;
大量)
三、
必记搭配与例句
名词搭配:a mass of/masses of(大量的),后接可数或不可数名词;mass media(大众媒
体);mass production(大规模生产)
形容词用法:mass destruction(大规模毁灭);mass unemployment(大规模失业)
四、拓展用法
一词多义辨析:作名词表示”大量”时不可数,但'a mass of”可接可数名词:作”团、块”
时可数,如a mass of cloud?(一团云)。
6:beneath
一、
核心考点
词性:介词(prep.)
核心义:prp.在…下面,在…下方;配不上
二、必记搭配与例句
方位介词:表示位置时,相当于nder,但更正式,如beneath the soil'(土壤下方)
抽象含义:表示”配不上”,如He felt she was beneath him.”(他觉得自己配不上她。)
、
拓展用法
形近词辨析:beneath(强调垂直下方)vs.below(不强调垂直)vs.nder(有接触可能):
beneath还可作副词,如The valley lay beneath.”(山谷就在下方。)
7:microorganism
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.微生物
二、
构词法(词汇变形)
词root:micro--(微小的)+organism(生物体)→微生物
复数:microorganisms(不规则变化,但实际使用中常加s)
三、
必记搭配与例句
学科搭配:biology(生物学)、ecology(生态学)中常见,如Microorganisms break down
o1 ganic matter.”(微生物分解有机物。)
四、拓展用法
科学类文本高频词:常与bacteria"virus'”等具体微生物并列,或与”decompose'”ferment'
等动词搭配。
8:hardwood
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.阔叶树;硬树(阔叶树的木材)
二、构词法(词汇变形)
复合词:hard(坚硬的)+wood(木材)→硬木→阔叶树
对应词:softwood/spftwud/(软木;针叶树)
三、必记搭配与例句
生态类搭配:hardwood forest(阔叶林):tropical hardwood(热带硬木)
例句:Hardwood trees lose their leaves in autumn.(阔叶树在秋天落叶。)
四、拓展用法
地理与环境主题:区分于针叶树(softwood),强调其生态功能,如?Hardwood forests
support rich biodiversity.”(阔叶林支撑丰富的生物多样性。)
9:harm
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)&动词(t)
核心义:n.&t.伤害,损害
二、构词法(词汇变形)
形容词:harmful/ha:mf/(有害的):harmless/ha:mles/(无害的)
三、必记搭配与例句
动词搭配:do harm to(对…造成伤害);cause harm(引起伤害);prevent harm(防止
伤害)
形容词搭配:serious/,great harm(严重的伤害);environmental harm(环境损害)
四、拓展用法
固定句型:There is no harm in doing sth.(做某事无害处),如There is no harm in tying.”
(尝试一下没坏处。)
10:region
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.地区,区域:行政区
二、构词法(词汇变形)
形容词:regional/i:d3nl/(地区的;区域的):副词:regionally/'i:d3nali/(在地区层
面)
、
必记搭配与例句
介词搭配:in the region of(大约;在…区域内),如”a population in the region of 10
million”(大约1000万人口)
名词搭配:1 ral/urban1 egion(农村/城市地区):autonomous region(自治区)
四、拓展用法
地理与政治语境:指具有某种特征的区域,如the Amazon1 egion”(亚马逊地区);
?economic region'”(经济区)。
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The Amazon rainforest is home to a complex and diverse_that supports millions of
species.
A)ecosystem
B)biodiversity
C)survival
D)variety
2.Human activities such as deforestation and pollution have led to a significant loss of
global
A)survive
B)biodiversity
C)microorganism
D)region
3.Many endangered species struggle to in the changing climate conditions
A)survive
B)variety
C)harm
D)beneath
4.The local market offers a wide_of fresh fruits and vegetables from nearby farms
A)survive
B)mass
C)variety
D)hardwood
5.A_of tourists gathered at the entrance of the national park during the holiday.
A)mass
B)beneath
C)region
D)survival
6.The ancient ruins were discovered_the layers of soil after years of excavation.
A)mass
B)beneath
C)survive
D)harm
7.play a crucial role in decomposing dead plants and animals in the soil.
A)Ecosystems
B)Hardwoods
C)Microorganisms
D)Survivors
8.forests are known for their deciduous trees that lose leaves in autumn
A)Softwood
B)Hardwood
C)Mass
D)Region
9.Excessive use of plastic products can cause serious_to marine life
A)harm
B)survive
C)variety
D)beneath
10.The_of the Sahara Desert covers most of North Africa with extreme climate conditions.
A)ecosystem
B)biodiversity
C)region
D)mass
(二)根据提示补全句子(6题)
1.The(ecosystem的形容词形式)balance of the lake has been disrupted by industrial
waste.
2.To protect_(biodiversity的形容词形式)areas,.governments have established many
nature reserves.
3.The_(survive的名词形式)of the endangered species depends on effective conservation
measures.
4._(variety的形容词形式)cultures and traditions make this city a fascinating place to
visit.
5.The factory has achieved_mass的副词形式)production to meet the high demand for
its products.
6.The(harm的形容词形式)effects of smoking on health are well-documented in1medi-
cal research
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.The Amazon rainforest's e is often called the"lungs of the Earth"due to its oxygen-
producing role.
2.Protecting b is essential for maintaining the health of our planet's natural systems.
3.Only a few plants can s in the harsh conditions of the desert with little water
4.The supermarket provides a wide vof organic and conventional food options.
5.A m_of protesters gathered in the square to demand environmental protection policies
6.Archaeologists found ancient tools bthe ruins of the old city.
7.M such as bacteria and fungi help break down organic matter in the soil
8.H trees like oak and maple are commonly used in furniture making for their strength
9.Using chemical fertilizers without control may cause hto the soil and water sources.
10.The mountain r_attracts many hikers every year with its beautiful scenery and fresh air.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A BA C A B C B A C
解析1(第1题):
考查ecosystem的用法。ecosystem表示”生态系统,符合句意”亚马逊雨林是一个复杂
多样的生态系统,支撑着数百万物种”;biodiversity表示”生物多样性”,survival表示”
生存”,variety表示”多样性”,均不符合语境,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查biodiversity的用法。biodiversity表示”生物多样性”,符合句意”人类活动如森林
砍伐和污染导致全球生物多样性显著丧失”;survive是动词,microorganism表示”微生
物”,1 egion表示”地区,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第3题):
考查survive的用法。survive表示”生存”,符合句意许多濒危物种在变化的气候条件
下艰难生存’;variety是名词,ham表示”伤害”,beneath是介词,均不符合语境,故
选A。
2.补全句子答案:
1.ecosystemic 2.biodiverse 3.survival 4.Various 5.massively 6.harmful
3.首字母填空答案:
1.ecosystem 2.biodiversity 3.survive 4.variety 5.mass 6.beneath 7.Microorganisms 8.
Hardwood 9.harm 10.region
英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit1 Nature in the balance一