Unit 1 Nature in the balance 二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 必修第三册·译林版·Unit1Natureinthebalance二 一、 重点单词详解 1:nutrient 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.营养素，营养物 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：uti-(滋养，营养)，后缀-ent(表”物) 形容词：nutritious /nju'tms/(ad.有营养的) 名词：nutrition /nju'tr/(n.营养；营养学) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：provide nutrients（提供营养)；absorb nutrients(吸收营养) 介词搭配：nutrients for..(…的营养物)；rich in nutrients（富含营养) 四、拓展用法 辨析：nutrient（具体营养物质，可数)：nutrition(抽象概念”营养”，不可数) 例：Plants need nutrients from soil.(植物需要土壤中的营养物)：Good nutrition is important for health.(良好的营养对健康至关重要) 2:impact 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞/v.有影响；冲击 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：im-(向内)+pact（压紧)→向内压紧→撞击→影响 形容词：impactful /Im'paektf/(adj.有影响力的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词搭配：have an impact on（对…有影响)；environmental impact(环境影响)； positive/negative impact(积极/消极影响) 动词搭配：impact on/upon(对…产生影响)；impact sth.(冲击某物) 四、拓展用法 词性差异：作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后 辨析：impact(正式，可指具体撞击或抽象影响)；influence(侧重潜移默化的影响，动 词常用influence sb./sth.) 3:extinction 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.灭绝，绝种 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：extinguish/Ik'strngwIf/(（v.熄灭；使灭绝) 形容词：extinct /Ik'st如kt/(adj.灭绝的；熄灭的) 后缀：-iom（名词后缀，表”动作或状态”) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：avoid extinction（避免灭绝)；lead to extinction（导致灭绝) 介词搭配：on the verge of extinction(濒临灭绝)：the extinction of.(…的灭绝) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：mass extinction(大规模灭绝)；drive sth.to extinction(使某物灭绝) 4:application 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.应用，运用；申请 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：apply /a'plar(v.申请；应用；涂) 形容词：applicable'plrkebl/(adj.适用的；可应用的) 名词：applicant/.eplrkent/(n.申请人) 后缀：-ation（名词后缀，表”动作或过程) 三、用法与常见搭配 ”申请”义搭配：application for(…的申请)；submit an application(提交申请)；job application(工作申请) ”应用”义搭配：application of(…的应用)；practical application（实际应用)；wide application(广泛应用) 四、拓展用法 辨析：application(名词)：apply(动词)→apply for ajob(申请工作)；apply theory to practice(把理论应用于实践) 5:damage 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：t&n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 一、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：damaged/daemId3d/(adj.受损的) 名词复数：damages/daemId3z/(n.赔偿金) 三、 用法与常见搭配 名词搭配：cause damage to(对…造成损害)；repair damage（修复损害)；serious damage(严重损害) 动词搭配：damage sth.(损害某物)；be damaged by（被…损害) 四、拓展用法 可数与不可数：表”损害”时不可数；表”赔偿金”时可数（例：claim damages索赔） 辨析：damage(部分损坏，可修复)；destroy(彻底破坏，不可修复)；uim(逐渐破坏， 导致失去价值) 6:thus 、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.因此，从而：这样 二、用法与常见搭配 逻辑连接：hus表结果，相当于therefore,常位于句首或句中，前后用逗号隔开 例：He studied hard,thus,he passed the exam.(他努力学习，因此通过了考试) 固定搭配：thus far(迄今为止)；thus and so(如此这般) 三、拓展用法 辨析：thus(书面语，强调因果关系)：so(口语，可连接句子，前无需分号)；therefore (正式，可用于句首、句中，需用逗号隔开) 例：She was ill,so she didn't come.(▣语)；He was late,and therefore missed the train.(正 式) 7:due 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.由于；到期的；应有的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：dues /dju:z/(n.会费；应付款) 常见搭配：due to（由于，介词短语，后接名词/名词短语) 三、用法与常见搭配 ”由于”义：due to sth.(因…；由…引起)，放句首或句中 例：Due to the rain,the match was canceled.(由于下雨，比赛取消了) ”到期”义：be due(到期)；due date（到期日) ”应有的”义：due attention(应有的关注)：due respect（应有的尊重) 四、拓展用法 辨析：due to（只作表语或状语，后接名词)：because of(作状语，后接名词)：owing to (可作状语或表语，较正式) 例：His success is due to hard work.（表语)；Because of his hard work,he succeeded.(状 语) 8:absolutely 、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.绝对地，完全地：极其 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：absolute/'ebsalu:t/(adj.绝对的：完全的) 名词：absoluteness/ebselu:tns/(n.绝对性) 三、用法与常见搭配 加强语气：absolutely correct(完全正确)；absolutely necessary(绝对必要) 口语应答：Absolutely!(当然！对极了！) 四、拓展用法 辨析：absolutely(语气最强，表完全、毫无保留”)；completely(强调”彻底”)；totally (口语化，表”全部地) 例：I absolutely agree with you.(我完全同意你)；The work is completely finished.(工作 彻底完成了) 9:come up with 、核心考点 词性：短语动词(phr.v,) 核心义：prv.想出，想到 二、用法与常见搭配 宾语搭配：come up with an idea（想出一个主意)；come up with a solution(提出一个解 决方案) 主语：通常为人，不可用于被动语态 例：She came up with a plan to solve the problem.(她想出了解决问题的计划) 三、拓展用法 辨析：come up with(主动”想出)：think of(想起，想到，可表无意想起)；put forward (提出，正式，如put forward a proposal) 例：I thought of my childhood when I saw the photo.(看到照片时我想起了童年) 10:call for “、 核心考点 词性：短语动词（pr.v.) 核心义：phrv.(公开)要求；需要 二、用法与常见搭配 ”要求”义：call for sth.(要求某物)：call for action(呼吁行动)；call for reform(要求 改革) ”需要”义：cal1 for sth.(需要某物/某品质)，主语多为事物 例：The situation calls for immediate attention.(这种情况需要立即关注) 三、拓展用法 辨析：call for 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Plants absorb essential from the soil to grow healthily. A)nutrition B)nutrients C)nutritious D)nutritions 2.The new policy is expected to have a positive-on the local economy. A)impact B)influence C)affection D)result 3.Many species are on the verge ofdue to habitat loss. A)extinct B)extinguish C)extinction D)extinguishing 4.The practical_of AI technology has greatly improved our daily lives. A)apply B)applicant C)application D)applicable 5.The storm caused serious_to the village houses. A)destroy B)damage C)ruin D)damages 6.He missed the train;_,he was late for the meeting. A)thus B)so C)therefore D)however 7.the heavy rain,the outdoor activity was canceled. A)Because B)Due to C)Owe to D)As 8.-Do you agree with the plan? 一_！It's the best solution we've got.. A)Absolutely B)Completely C)Totally D)Certainly 9.She needs toa new idea for the school talent show. A)think of B)put forward C)come up with D)bring out 10.The urgent situation immediate action from the government A)calls for B)asks for C)requires for D)demands for (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.A balanced diet provides all the(nutrient)your body needs. 2.The new law will(impact)positively on environmental protection. 3.The giant panda was once in danger of(extinct),but now its population is recovering. 4.You need to fill in the(apply)form and submit it by Friday. 5.The fire(damage)the historical building badly,but it can be repaired 6.He worked day and night,(thus),he achieved his goal finally. 7.Her success is _(due)to years ofhard work and persistence. 8.The teacher (absolute)believes that every student can succeed. 9.The team(come up with)a creative solution to the problem yesterday. 10.The report(call for)stricter measures to reduce air pollution. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Fresh vegetables are rich in n like vitamins and minerals. 2.Climate change has a profound ion global ecosystems. 3.The dodo bird is a famous example of a species that suffered e 4.The aof 5G technology in healthcare has saved many lives. 5.The earthquake caused widespread d to roads and bridges. 6.He failed to prepare for the exam;t,he scored very low. 7.The flight delay was d to technical problems with the aircraft. 8.-Is this the correct answer? A！You got it right. 9.The scientists are trying to cup with a cure for the disease. 10.The environmental group is c for stronger laws to protect wildlife. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BA CC B A B A CA 2.补全句子答案： 1.nutrients 2.impact 3.extinction 4.application 5.damaged 6.thus 7.due 8.absolutely 9. came up with 10.calls for 3.首字母填空答案： 1.nutrients 2.impact 3.extinction 4.application 5.damage 6.thus 7.due 8.Absolutely 9. come 10.calling 英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit 1 Nature in the balance二