内容正文:
期末词汇复习
选择性必修第三册·外研版·Unit5 Learningfromnature一
一、
重点单词详解
1:relevant
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.有关的,切题的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:lev(Hif/lighten,举起/变轻)
同根词:relieve(v.缓解)、relief(n.减轻)
动词:relate /'lert/(vi.相关;涉及)
名词:relevance/'relevans/,(n.相关性;关联)
副词:relevantly/'relevantli/(adv.相关地)
反义词:irrelevant/I'relevant/(adj.不相关的)
三、用法与常见搭配
be relevant to sth.(与某事相关)
relevant information/details(相关信息/细节)
四、拓展用法
写作替换:be related to(与relevant to同义,但relevant更正式)
2:artificial
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.人造的,人工的;虚假的
二、构词法(词性转换)
前缀:amti-(=skil,技巧)+词根fic(make/do,做)+形容词后缀-ial
同根词:manufacture(v.制造)、fiction(n.小说;虚构)
副词:artificially/,a:t'fali/(adv.人工地;虚假地)
名词:artificiality/,a:tfi'celati/(n.人工;不自然)
三、用法与常见搭配
artificial intelligence(人工智能,简称AI)
a1 rtificial flowers/.sweeteners(假花/人工甜味剂)
artificial smile(假笑)
四、辨析
artificial vs.synthetic:artificial侧重”非自然形成”,synthetic侧重'化学合成”(如
synthetic fibers合成纤维)
3:susceptible
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(ad山j.)
核心义:adj.易受影响的;易患病的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
前缀:sus-(nder,在…之下)+词根cept(take,拿)+形容词后缀-ible(可…的)
同根词:accept(v.接受)、concept(n.概念)
名词:susceptibility/se.sept怕brlati/(n.易感性;敏感性)
三、用法与常见搭配
be susceptible to sth.(易受某事影响/易患某病)
susceptible to colds(易感冒)
susceptible to persuasion(易被说服)
四、拓展用法
写作句式:Children are more susceptible to environmental pollution than adults.(儿童比成
人更易受环境污染影响。)
4:potentially
核心考点
词性:副词(adv.)
核心义:adv.潜在地:可能地
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:potent(adj.强有力的)+名词后缀-ial+副词后缀-y
形容词:potential/pten/(adj.潜在的;n.潜力)
动词:potentiate/p'tenfiert/.(v.增强…的效果)
三、用法与常见搭配
potentially dangerous/harmful(潜在危险的/有害的)
have the potential to do sth.(有潜力做某事)
1 ealize one's potential(发挥某人的潜力)
四、辨析
potentially vs.possibly:potentially强调”潜在可能性,possibly强调”客观可能性
5:automation
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.自动化
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:auto-(self,自己)+mat(move,移动)+名词后缀-ion
动词:automate/'o:tamert/(v.使自动化)
形容词:automatic/,p:ta'metk/(adj.自动的;无意识的)
副词:automatically/,o:ta'maetrkli/(adv.自动地)
三、用法与常见搭配
industrial automation(工业自动化)
automation of production(生产自动化)
四、拓展用法
派生词短语:automatic door(自动门)、automatic response(无意识反应)
6:regulate
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:V,控制,管理:调节
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:reg(一ule,统治)+动词后缀-late(反复动作)
名词:regulation/,regju'lerfn/(n.规则;管理)
形容词:regulatory /'regjalatri/(adj.监管的;调节的)
三、用法与常见搭配
regulate prices//raf伍c(调控价格/管理交通)
regulate body temperature(调节体温)
government regulations(政府法规)
四、辨析
1 egulate vs.control:regulate侧重”通过规则有序管理”,control侧重”限制或支配
7:assess
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:V.评价,评定;估算
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:assess(=sit beside,坐在一起→共同判断)
名词:assessment/月sesment/(n.评估;评价)
形容词:assessable/a'sesabl/(adj.可评估的)
三、用法与常见搭配
assess the situation/misk(评估形势/风险)
assess students'performance(评价学生表现)
make an assessment(进行评估)
四、拓展用法
写作替换:evaluate/estimate(与assess近义,但assess更强调”基于标准的判断”)
8:reckon
“、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v认为,以为;估算
二、构词法(词性转换)
同根词:reckoning/'rekan/(n.计算;估计)
三、用法与常见搭配
reckon+that从句(认为…)
1 eckon on sb./sth.(依靠某人/某事,同bank on)
1 eckon the cost(估算成本)
四、辨析
reckon vs.hink:reckon多用于口语,语气较随意;think为通用词
固定句型:I1 eckon(that).(我认为…,口语常用)
1 eckon it's going to1aim(估计要下雨了)
9:bound
core考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.可能的;受约束的;v.跳跃;n.界限
构词法(词性转换)
派生词:boundary/baundri/.(n.边界)
过去分词:bound(原形bimd,捆绑)
三、用法与常见搭配
be bound to do sth.(肯定会做某事)
bound by rules(受规则约束)
the bound of possibility(可能性的极限)
四、拓展用法
多重含义:作动词时表”跳跃”(如bound over the fence跳过篱笆),作形容词时表”准
备前往?(如homeward bound返航)
10:capacity
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.能力,才能;容量;职位
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:cap(take,拿)+名词后缀-acity(表性质)
形容词:capable/'kerpabl/(adj.有能力的)
动词:capacitate/ka'paesItert/(v.使有能力)
三、用法与常见搭配
capacity for sth.to do sth.(做某事的能力)
storage ca即acity(存储容量)
in one's capacity as..(以…的身份)
四、辨析
capacity vs.ability:capacity侧重?内在潜能或容量,ability侧重”实际技能”(如1 eading
ability阅读能力)
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The new policy is highly to environmental protection.
A)relevant
B)artificial
C)susceptible
D)potential
2.intelligence has made great progress in recent years.
A)Synthetic
B)Artificial
C)Automatic
D)Regulatory
3.People with weak immune systems are moreto infections.
A)assessable
B)bound
C)susceptible
D)relevant
4.This chemical is harmful if not handled properly
A)potentially
B)automatically
C)relevantly
D)artificially
5.The government plans to house prices to stabilize the market
A)assess
B)regulate
C)reckon
D)automate
6.We need to the impact of this decision before taking action.
A)regulate
B)bound
C)assess
D)reckon
7.I we'll finish the project by the end of next month.
A)assess
B)reckon
C)regulate
D)automate
8.She is_to succeed with her hard work and talent.
A)bound
B)susceptible
C)artificial
D)relevant
9.The library has a seating_of 500 people.
A)capacity
B)automation
C)assessment
D)regulation
10.The company decided to its production line to reduce costs.
A)regulate
B)assess
C)automate
D)reckon
(二)根据提示补全句子(6题)
1.The(assess)of students'abilities should be based on multiple criteria.
2.She has a strong(capable)to solve complex problems.
3.The new law will (regulate)of online advertising.
4.Children's(susceptible)to noise pollution needs more attention.
5.(automate)has greatly improved efficiency in manufacturing.
6.The(relevant)of this data to our research is still unclear.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.This report includes only r information about the project.
2.A flowers are often used in decorations because they last longer.
3.Elderly people are more sto the flu in winter.
4.The new technology has pto revolutionize the industry.
5.Traffic lights help r_the flow of vehicles on busy roads.
6.It's difficult to athe exact cost of the construction work.
7.I rthat we should start preparing for the exam now.
8.The team is b to win the championship this year.
9.The stadium has a c_of 80,000 spectators.
10.The factory introduced ato replace manual labor
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A B C A BCB AA C
解析1(第1题):
考查relevant的固定用法。be relevant to sth.表示”与某事相关”,符合句意”新政策与环
境保护高度相关”;artificial表示”人造的,susceptible表示”易受影响的”,potential表
示”潜在的”,均不符合语境,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查artificial的固定搭配。artificial intelligence表示”人工智能,符合句意”人工智能
近年来取得了巨大进步”;synthetic表示”合成的”,automatic表示”自动的”,regulatory
表示”监管的”,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第3题):
考查susceptible的固定用法。be susceptible to sth.表示”易受某事影响”,符合句意”免疫
系统较弱的人更容易感染”;assessable表示”可评估的”,bound表示”可能的”,1 elevant
表示”相关的”,均不符合语境,故选C。
2.补全句子答案:
1.assessment 2.capacity 3.regulation 4.susceptibility 5.Automation 6.relevance
3.首字母填空答案:
1.relevant 2.Artificial 3.susceptible 4.potential 5.regulate 6.assess 7.reckon 8.bound 9.capac-
ity 10.automation
英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·Unit5 Learning from nature一