Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（重难词汇精练）英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 5 题型六、完成句子 6 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 题型一、语篇语法填空 7 题型二、应用文写作 10 题型一、词性转换 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→ vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2．majority n．大部分；大多数→ adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程 3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→ n．抱怨；投诉 4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→ n．反应；回答；回复 5．scholarship n．奖学金→ n．学者 6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→ n．拒绝接受；否决 7．appoint vt.任命；委派→ n．约会；任命；委任→ adj.约定的；指定的 8．elect vt.选举；推选→ n．选举；推选；当选 9．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 → adj.令人恐惧的 10．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→ n．精力；活力；能量 11．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→ adj.意外的；偶然的 → adv.偶然地 12．operation n．手术；企业；经营→ vt.& vi.做手术； 经营；操作；运转 13．assist vt.帮助；援助→ n．助理；助手→ n．帮助；援助 14．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→ adj.有害的→ adv.有害地 → adj.无害的 题型二、核心短语 1．carry sb.through sth. 2．tuition fees 3．tend to do sth. 4．first aid 5．pass away 6．in memory of 7．trip over 8．in tears 9．in despair 10．a great deal (of) 题型三、重点单词 1． n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2． vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的 3． adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 4． n．专业服务费；报酬 5． n．协会；联合会；工会 6． vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 7． n．同事；同僚 8． n．诊所；门诊部 9． adj.遥远的 10． n．十年；十年期 11． adv.在别处；去别处 12． vt.发表(作品)；出版 13． n．员工；全体职员 14． n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款 15． adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The government’s official (respond) to the allegations was both swift and dismissive. 2．Experts have been giving warnings about this technology, (say) it may not be as good as we think. 3．Mother wants to be a good provider, a role she has been shouldering since her (marry) to Father. 4．When she saw the old photos, memories of her childhood came (flood) back like a huge tide. 5．Air pollution is known to be (harm) to humans. 6．Skipping breakfast is (extreme) harmful to our fitness. 7．The (energy) young man is always full of enthusiasm for life and work. 8．All of us have to realize that we will face (reject) all the time. 9． (jog) along the path, he breathed fresh air and enjoyed the fascinating view. 10． (compare) the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 o’clock, Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young. 11．Stop (complain) about everything and learn to be grateful for what you have. 12．They performed an (operate) on the patient to remove the tumor. 13．Racial (tense) has reached boiling point. 14．With the sun (rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 15． (originate) in ancient China during the Han Dynasty, early compasses consisted of lodestone, a naturally magnetic mineral. 16． (shoot) from the top of the mountain, the photo captures the entire valley in sunlight. 17．Your parents will have to cover your tuition (fee). 18．She (trip) over, which made her knees black and blue. 19．Walk through the streets wearing different (disguise). 20．New drivers have twice as many (accident) as experienced drivers. 题型五、单词拼写 21．The (紧张) that could be easily noticed in the office seemed to melt away as soon as she walked out and people started to talk once again. 22．Over the past (十年), technology has changed people’s lives dramatically — from how we work to how we communicate with others. 23．When the teacher turned around , they began to (低语). 24．There are several (原则) during interviews: turn off cell phones, be honest all the time and keep eye contact with interviewers. 25．Every time they were in the toy store, she had to leave quickly, (拖，拽) her kids away from the toys. 26． (闲逛) through the old town, we discovered many charming cafes. 27．The trade imbalance is likely to rise again. (因此), a new set of policy actions will be required soon. 28．More and more customers were being attracted by (连锁，链条) stores and online discounts. 29．She won a prestigious (奖学金) that covered all her university tuition fees. 30．Well,   (主席) Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favourite food. 题型六、完成句子 31．因为病了，他今天没去上学。 , he didn’t go to school today. 32．这次经历让我学到了很多东西。 I learned from this experience. 33．这座公园是为纪念那位民族英雄而建的。 The park was built the national hero. 34．长时间盯着屏幕对眼睛有害。 Staring at screens for a long time the eyes. 35．在压力下，人们往往会做出错误的决定。 Under pressure, people make wrong decisions. 36．她流着眼泪离开了房间。 She left the room . 37．令我们震惊的是，他病得很重，遭受了极大的痛苦和不适。 To our shock, he had become seriously ill, . 38．歌剧演出是为提高人们保护鸟类的意识，在学校内外都赢得了欢迎。 Operas were performed to raise people's awareness of bird protection, . 39．考虑到你信中的一些错误，我想给你一些关于如何改善你的中文学习的建议。(现在分词作原因状语) , I would like to give you some suggestions about how to improve your Chinese study. 40．在同学们热情地为他们加油下，每个班级选出的队员都努力争取得分。(运用with的复合结构) , all the players selected from every class made efforts to earn scores. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高一下·河北唐山·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known as the ‌“mother of ten thousand babies”, Lin Qiaozhi devoted her life to medicine, delivering over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Her amazing journey was marked by a series of brave 1 (choice) that shaped her as a pioneering physician. At age 18, she chose education over 2 (marry), unlike many girls at that time. After graduating from Peking Union Medical College in 1929, she became the first woman 3 (serve) as a resident physician. Due to her excellent performance, she 4 (name) a chief resident physician in six months, a position typically requiring four years. Later, she was sent to study abroad. Her excellence impressed American colleagues, 5 invited her to stay. Dr Lin, 6 , rejected the offer, driven by the desire to work for her homeland. The new China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing 7 key role. In the 1950s, though 8 (elect) to national leadership, she was more interested in clinical work. ‌“Nothing is more precious than a person’s life,” she often reminded young doctors, 9 (stress) responsibility. Even after the retirement, she continued working until her final days. The childless ‌“mother” 10 (generous) left her savings to a kindergarten. （24-25高一下·广东·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yacouba, an African farmer who has been travelling across the deserts for the last 30 years, is using ancient farming techniques 1 (fight) the threatening deserts. His story 2 (date) back to the 1980s when Africa suffered one of the worst droughts in its history. During that period, rainfall reduced by about 80%, 3 (kill) almost all the plants. Most local people moved away, but Yacouba stayed back. Instead of giving in 4 the violence of nature, he decided to take control and change the face of the land completely. Unable to read and write, 5 with no access to modern techniques and tools, he started to employ 6 old African farming practice called “Zai”, which involves planting seeds in small 7 (hole) filled with eco-friendly manure (肥料). Within two decades of starting his revolutionary work, an area of about fifty acres 8 (forest) on the African desert. Yacouba featured in a documentary 9 (title) “The Man Who Stopped the Desert”, through which he became known to the rest of the world. To his great joy, what the documentary focused on was the re-establishment of local forests and a training program for the farmers to learn Yacouba’s technique. Today, “Zai” is being 10 (wide) practiced in the region. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高一上·河南郑州·期中）假设你是李华，上周重阳节 (Double Ninth Festival) ，你们班组织了去敬老院 (Nursing home) 的志愿活动。请根据以下提示，写篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括： 1. 活动时间、地点及参与者； 2. 活动过程； 3. 你的感受。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 A Fun Double Ninth Visit to the Nursing Home ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Morals and Virtues重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 5 题型六、完成句子 6 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 题型一、语篇语法填空 7 题型二、应用文写作 10 题型一、词性转换 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程 3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉 4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复 5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者 6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选 9．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的 10．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量 11．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 12．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术； 经营；操作；运转 13．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助 14．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的 题型二、核心短语 1．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关 2．tuition fees学费 3．tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事 4．first aid急救 5．pass away去世 6．in memory of作为对……的纪念 7．trip over被……绊倒 8．in tears流着泪；含着泪 9．in despair处于绝望中 10．a great deal (of)大量 题型三、重点单词 1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的 3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 4．fee n．专业服务费；报酬 5．union n．协会；联合会；工会 6．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 7．colleague n．同事；同僚 8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部 9．faraway adj.遥远的 10．decade n．十年；十年期 11．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处 12．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版 13．staff n．员工；全体职员 14．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款 15．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The government’s official (respond) to the allegations was both swift and dismissive. 【答案】response 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府针对这些指控的官方回应既迅速又不屑一顾。根据空前的名词所有格“government’s”和形容词“official”可知，空处需填名词形式，作句子的主语。动词respond的名词形式是response，结合句中be动词为was，因此用单数形式。故填response。 2．Experts have been giving warnings about this technology, (say) it may not be as good as we think. 【答案】saying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们一直在对这项技术发出警告，称它可能没有我们想象的那么好。句子主干成分完整，空处的行为和谓语行为同时发生，空处作伴随状语，say“表明，宣称”和Experts逻辑上是主动关系，因此用say的现在分词形式。故填saying。 3．Mother wants to be a good provider, a role she has been shouldering since her (marry) to Father. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：母亲想成为一个称职的养家糊口的人，自从嫁给父亲后，她就一直承担着这个角色。分析句子结构可知，形容词性物主代词her后需接名词，marry的名词形式是marriage“婚姻”，为可数名词，her marriage to Father，表示“她和父亲的婚姻/她嫁给父亲这件事”。故填marriage。 4．When she saw the old photos, memories of her childhood came (flood) back like a huge tide. 【答案】flooding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她看到这些老照片时，童年的记忆像巨浪一样涌上心头。主句已有谓语动词came，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语；结合句意可知，此处表示伴随，flood与其逻辑主语memories of her childhood之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词flooding作状语，come flooding back意为“（记忆等）突然大量涌现”。故填flooding。 5．Air pollution is known to be (harm) to humans. 【答案】harmful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，空气污染对人类有害。此处考查固定短语be harmful to，表示“对……有害”，其中harmful是形容词，意为“有害的”，作表语。故填harmful。 6．Skipping breakfast is (extreme) harmful to our fitness. 【答案】extremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：不吃早餐对我们的健康非常有害。空处修饰形容词harmful，应填副词作状语，故填extremely。 7．The (energy) young man is always full of enthusiasm for life and work. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个精力充沛的年轻人对生活和工作总是充满热情。此处修饰名词“young man”，需用形容词作定语，energy的形容词形式为energetic，意为“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。 8．All of us have to realize that we will face (reject) all the time. 【答案】rejection 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们所有人都必须意识到，我们会一直面临拒绝。此处为名词作宾语。根据空前的及物动词“face (面临)”可知，应用“reject”的名词形式“rejection”，意为“拒绝”，为不可数名词。故填rejection。 9． (jog) along the path, he breathed fresh air and enjoyed the fascinating view. 【答案】Jogging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着小路慢跑，他呼吸着新鲜空气，欣赏着迷人的景色。jog与句子主语he之间是主动关系，即“他慢跑”，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。首字母大写。故填Jogging。 10． (compare) the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 o’clock, Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young. 【答案】Comparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将青年比作早晨八九点钟的太阳，毛泽东表达了对年轻一代的殷切期望。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，短语compare A to B意为“把A比作/喻为B”，compare“把……比作……”和Mao Zedong逻辑上是主动关系，因此用compare的现在分词形式，作状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Comparing。 11．Stop (complain) about everything and learn to be grateful for what you have. 【答案】complaining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：停止抱怨一切，学会感激你所拥有的。此处应用stop doing“停止做某事”，表示“结束或中断正在进行的活动或行为”，因此用complain“抱怨”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填complaining。 12．They performed an (operate) on the patient to remove the tumor. 【答案】operation 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们对病人进行了手术以切除肿瘤。根据空前的不定冠词“an”可知，空处需填可数名词单数形式，作动词performed的宾语，operate的名词形式为operation，表示“手术”，“perform an operation on sb” 意为“为某人做手术”，符合语境。故填operation。 13．Racial (tense) has reached boiling point. 【答案】tension 【详解】考查名词。句意：种族紧张局势已经达到了沸点。本空在句中作主语，表示“紧张局势”，应使用名词tension。助动词has提示用名词单数。故填tension。 14．With the sun (rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 【答案】rising 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：随着太阳升起，泰山之巅沐浴在灿烂的阳光中。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语“the sun”（太阳）与 “rise”（升起）之间是主动关系，且“rise”这一动作正在进行，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填rising。 15． (originate) in ancient China during the Han Dynasty, early compasses consisted of lodestone, a naturally magnetic mineral. 【答案】Originating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：早期的指南针起源于中国古代汉代，由天然磁性矿物磁石组成。此处为非谓语，动词originate和主语之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母大写，故填Originating。 16． (shoot) from the top of the mountain, the photo captures the entire valley in sunlight. 【答案】Shot 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这张照片从山顶拍摄，捕捉到了阳光下的整个山谷。句中逻辑主语the photo与shoot之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Shot。 17．Your parents will have to cover your tuition (fee). 【答案】fees 【详解】考查名词。句意：你的父母将不得不支付你的学费。分析句子可知，“your”为形容词性物主代词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“fee”意为“费用”，为可数名词，空格处应用其复数形式“fees”，表示一类事物。故填fees。 18．She (trip) over, which made her knees black and blue. 【答案】tripped 【详解】考查时态。句意：她绊倒了，膝盖青一块紫一块。根据句意和句中“made”可知，句子为一般过去时，空格处应用“trip”的过去式“tripped”，作谓语。故填tripped。 19．Walk through the streets wearing different (disguise). 【答案】disguises 【详解】考查名词。句意：穿着不同的伪装穿过街道。分析句子可知，“different”为形容词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“disguise”意为“伪装”，为可数名词，“different”后应用其复数形式“disguises”。故填disguises。 20．New drivers have twice as many (accident) as experienced drivers. 【答案】accidents 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：新司机发生的事故是老司机的两倍。空前有many，空格处用复数，故填accidents。 题型五、单词拼写 21．The (紧张) that could be easily noticed in the office seemed to melt away as soon as she walked out and people started to talk once again. 【答案】tension 【详解】考查名词。句意：她一走出去，办公室里那种很容易察觉到的紧张气氛似乎就消散了，人们又开始交谈起来。The后需接名词，“紧张”对应的名词是tension，在句中作主语。故填tension。 22．Over the past (十年), technology has changed people’s lives dramatically — from how we work to how we communicate with others. 【答案】decade 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，科技极大地改变了人们的生活——从我们的工作方式到与他人的交流方式。根据汉语提示“十年”，以及上文Over the past可知此处应填名词decade，作宾语，表示“十年”，且此处指过去的十年，应用单数形式。故填decade。 23．When the teacher turned around , they began to (低语). 【答案】whisper 【详解】考查动词。句意：当老师转过身去后，他们便开始窃窃私语起来。根据汉语提示可知用动词whisper，此处为不定式作宾语。故填whisper。 24．There are several (原则) during interviews: turn off cell phones, be honest all the time and keep eye contact with interviewers. 【答案】principles 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：面试期间有几个原则：关掉手机，始终诚实，与面试官保持眼神交流。“原则”作there be句型主语，用可数名词principle，有several修饰，用复数形式。故填principles。 25．Every time they were in the toy store, she had to leave quickly, (拖，拽) her kids away from the toys. 【答案】dragging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每次他们在玩具店时，她都得赶紧离开，把孩子们从玩具旁拖走。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词drag，表示“拖，拽”，与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填dragging。 26． (闲逛) through the old town, we discovered many charming cafes. 【答案】Wandering 【详解】考查动词。句意：在老城区闲逛时，我们发现了许多迷人的咖啡馆。“闲逛”应用动词wander，句子已有谓语discovered，空处为非谓语，wander和we逻辑上是主动关系，因此用wander的现在分词形式，作时间状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Wandering。 27．The trade imbalance is likely to rise again. (因此), a new set of policy actions will be required soon. 【答案】Hence/Therefore/Thus 【详解】考查副词。句意：贸易不平衡很可能会再度上扬。因此需要很快采取一系列新的政策行动。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词hence/therefore/thus“因此”作状语，修饰后面整个句子，满足句意要求。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Hence/Therefore/Thus。 28．More and more customers were being attracted by (连锁，链条) stores and online discounts. 【答案】chain 【详解】考查名词。句意：越来越多的顾客被连锁商店和 网上折扣所吸引。根据汉语提示可知用名词chain，修饰名词stores作定语。故填chain。 29．She won a prestigious (奖学金) that covered all her university tuition fees. 【答案】scholarship 【详解】考查名词。句意：她获得了一项享有盛誉的奖学金，足以支付全部大学学费。中文“奖学金”对应英语单词为scholarship，作动词won宾语，不定冠词a后用名词单数形式。故填scholarship。 30．Well,   (主席) Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favourite food. 【答案】Chairman 【详解】考查名词。句意：嗯，毛主席来自湖南，这是他最喜欢的食物。此处为专有名词，用于称呼特定人物，根据汉语提示“主席”，对应的英文表达为chairman，Chairman Mao是“毛泽东主席”的标准英文称谓，属于固定专有名词搭配，首字母需大写。故填Chairman。 题型六、完成句子 31．因为病了，他今天没去上学。 , he didn’t go to school today. 【答案】 Being ill 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处为非谓语动词作状语，“生病”的表达为be ill；句子主语he与be ill为主动关系，因此用现在分词形式being，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①Being②ill。 32．这次经历让我学到了很多东西。 I learned from this experience. 【答案】 a great deal 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“很多”，为固定短语a great deal，在句中作状语修饰动词learned。故填①a；②great；③deal。 33．这座公园是为纪念那位民族英雄而建的。 The park was built the national hero. 【答案】 in memory of 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“为纪念……”，为固定短语in memory of。故填①in②memory③of。 34．长时间盯着屏幕对眼睛有害。 Staring at screens for a long time the eyes. 【答案】 is/ does harmful/ harm to 【详解】考查固定短语。动词短语be harmful to或do harm to表示“对……有害”，故“对眼睛有害”可译为be harmful to/do harm to the eyes；该句表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语Staring at screens for a long time，故谓语为单数形式，故该句可译为Staring at screens for a long time is harmful/does harm to the eyes。故空①填is/does；空②填harmful/harm；空③填to。 35．在压力下，人们往往会做出错误的决定。 Under pressure, people make wrong decisions. 【答案】 tend to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“往往会”，为固定短语tend to，后接动词原形；句子主语people为复数，且描述的是客观情况，因此用动词原形tend。故填①tend②to。 36．她流着眼泪离开了房间。 She left the room . 【答案】 in tears 【详解】考查介词短语。表示“流着眼泪”短语为in tears，故填in tears。 37．令我们震惊的是，他病得很重，遭受了极大的痛苦和不适。 To our shock, he had become seriously ill, . 【答案】suffering great pain and discomfort 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“遭受了极大的痛苦和不适”，“遭受”是suffer，“极大的”是great，“痛苦和不适”是pain and discomfort，pain和discomfort都是不可数名词，句中谓语是had become，空格处动词用非谓语动词，he和suffer之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填suffering great pain and discomfort。 38．歌剧演出是为提高人们保护鸟类的意识，在学校内外都赢得了欢迎。 Operas were performed to raise people's awareness of bird protection, . 【答案】winning great popularity in and outside our school 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“赢得”win，“欢迎”great popularity，“在我们学校内外”in and outside our school，句中已有谓语were performed，空处作非谓语，win与逻辑主语Operas之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填winning great popularity in and outside our school。 39．考虑到你信中的一些错误，我想给你一些关于如何改善你的中文学习的建议。(现在分词作原因状语) , I would like to give you some suggestions about how to improve your Chinese study. 【答案】Considering some mistakes in your letters 【详解】考查现在分词作原因状语。根据句意及提示可知，“考虑到”用consider表示，此处为现在分词作原因状语，逻辑主语I与consider之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式为considering；“你信中的一些错误”翻译为some mistakes in your letters。故填Considering some mistakes in your letters。 40．在同学们热情地为他们加油下，每个班级选出的队员都努力争取得分。(运用with的复合结构) , all the players selected from every class made efforts to earn scores. 【答案】With their classmates cheering them on enthusiastically 【详解】考查with复合结构。根据句意及提示可知，“在同学们热情地为他们加油下”，即“有同学们热情地为他们加油”，作伴随状语，可看为with复合结构；其中“同学们”作介词with的宾语，用名词词组“their classmates”；“热情地为他们加油”用动词短语“cheer them on enthusiastically”，作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语their classmates之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填With their classmates cheering them on enthusiastically。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高一下·河北唐山·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known as the ‌“mother of ten thousand babies”, Lin Qiaozhi devoted her life to medicine, delivering over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Her amazing journey was marked by a series of brave 1 (choice) that shaped her as a pioneering physician. At age 18, she chose education over 2 (marry), unlike many girls at that time. After graduating from Peking Union Medical College in 1929, she became the first woman 3 (serve) as a resident physician. Due to her excellent performance, she 4 (name) a chief resident physician in six months, a position typically requiring four years. Later, she was sent to study abroad. Her excellence impressed American colleagues, 5 invited her to stay. Dr Lin, 6 , rejected the offer, driven by the desire to work for her homeland. The new China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing 7 key role. In the 1950s, though 8 (elect) to national leadership, she was more interested in clinical work. ‌“Nothing is more precious than a person’s life,” she often reminded young doctors, 9 (stress) responsibility. Even after the retirement, she continued working until her final days. The childless ‌“mother” 10 (generous) left her savings to a kindergarten. 【答案】 1．choices 2．marriage 3．to serve 4．was named 5．who 6．however 7．a 8．elected 9．stressing 10．generously 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了有“万婴之母”之称的林巧稚的生平事迹，包括她的求学之路、职业选择以及为医学事业所做出的贡献。 1．考查名词。句意：她令人惊叹的人生旅程以一系列勇敢的选择为标志，这些选择使她成为了一名开创性的医生。名词choice意为“选择”，为可数名词，空格前“a series of”意为“一系列的”，后接可数名词复数形式，作宾语。故填choices。 2．考查名词。句意：18岁时，她选择了教育而不是婚姻，这与当时许多女孩不同。提示词作介词“over”的宾语，用marry的名词形式marriage，意为“婚姻”,为不可数名词。故填marriage。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：1929年从北京协和医学院毕业后，她成为第一位担任住院医师的女性。句中有谓语动词“became”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，名词“woman”前有“the first”修饰，故应用动词不定式to serve作后置定语。故填to serve。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：由于表现出色，她在六个月内被任命为总住院医师，这一职位通常需要四年时间。name(任命)是句中谓语动词，与主语“she”之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，讲述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填was named。 5．考查定语从句。句意：她的卓越表现给美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留下来。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词colleagues，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 6．考查副词。句意：然而，林巧稚拒绝了这个邀请，因为她渴望为她的祖国工作。前文“美国同事邀请她留下来”和后文“林巧稚拒绝了这个邀请”之间是转折关系，应用副词however表转折，意为“然而”，符合语境。故填however。 7．考查冠词。句意：新中国见证了林巧稚发挥的关键作用。“play a/an...role in...”是固定短语，意为“在……中发挥……作用”，且key发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪50年代，尽管被选举进入国家领导层，但她对临床工作更感兴趣。“though ______ (elect) to national leadership”作让步状语，elect(选举)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“she”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词elected表被动。故填elected。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“没有什么比人的生命更宝贵，”她经常提醒年轻的医生，强调责任。“(stress) responsibility”在句中作伴随状语，stress(强调)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“she”之间为主动关系，用现在分词stressing表主动。故填stressing。 10．考查副词。句意：这位没有孩子的“母亲”慷慨地把她的积蓄留给了一家幼儿园。提示词修饰动词“left”，用副词generously作状语，意为“慷慨地”。故填generously。 （24-25高一下·广东·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yacouba, an African farmer who has been travelling across the deserts for the last 30 years, is using ancient farming techniques 1 (fight) the threatening deserts. His story 2 (date) back to the 1980s when Africa suffered one of the worst droughts in its history. During that period, rainfall reduced by about 80%, 3 (kill) almost all the plants. Most local people moved away, but Yacouba stayed back. Instead of giving in 4 the violence of nature, he decided to take control and change the face of the land completely. Unable to read and write, 5 with no access to modern techniques and tools, he started to employ 6 old African farming practice called “Zai”, which involves planting seeds in small 7 (hole) filled with eco-friendly manure (肥料). Within two decades of starting his revolutionary work, an area of about fifty acres 8 (forest) on the African desert. Yacouba featured in a documentary 9 (title) “The Man Who Stopped the Desert”, through which he became known to the rest of the world. To his great joy, what the documentary focused on was the re-establishment of local forests and a training program for the farmers to learn Yacouba’s technique. Today, “Zai” is being 10 (wide) practiced in the region. 【答案】 1．to fight 2．dates 3．killing 4．to 5．and 6．an 7．holes 8．was forested 9．titled 10．widely 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了非洲农民Yacouba用传统“Zai”种植法对抗荒漠化，二十年将五十英亩沙漠变绿洲，其事迹通过纪录片引发国际关注，该技术现已在非洲广泛传播。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：非洲农民Yacouba过去30年穿越沙漠，运用古老农耕技术对抗日益扩张的荒漠。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用fight“对抗”的不定式形式。故填to fight。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他的故事可追溯至1980年代非洲遭遇历史性大旱时期。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语His story是单数，date应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：当时降雨量减少约80%，导致植物几乎全部死亡。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用kill“杀死”的现在分词形式。故填killing。 4．考查介词。句意：他拒绝屈服于自然的暴虐，决心控制并彻底改造这片土地。give in to sth.是固定短语，意为“屈服于……，向……让步”。故填to。 5．考查连词。句意：尽管目不识丁且缺乏现代技术与工具，他开始采用一种名为“Zai”的非洲古法——将种子播撒在填满生态肥料的小坑中。空处连接前后的Unable to read and write和with no access to modern techniques and tools，两者并列，作状语，因此用并列连词and。故填and。 6．考查冠词。句意：尽管目不识丁且缺乏现代技术与工具，他开始采用一种名为“Zai”的非洲古法——将种子播撒在填满生态肥料的小坑中。空处表示泛指，意为“一种非洲古法”，应用不定冠词，且old的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 7．考查名词的数。句意：尽管目不识丁且缺乏现代技术与工具，他开始采用一种名为“Zai”的非洲古法——将种子播撒在填满生态肥料的小坑中。空处作in的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词hole“坑”应用复数形式。故填holes。 8．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这项革新工作启动二十年后，约五十英亩沙漠被变成森林。空处作句子的谓语，根据“Within two decades of starting his revolutionary work”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，forest“被森林覆盖，植林于”和主语an area of about fifty acres之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语视作单数，be动词应用was。故填was forested。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：Yacouba在名为《阻止沙漠的人》的纪录片中亮相，由此闻名世界。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作documentary的后置定语，title“加标题，定题目”和documentary逻辑上是被动关系，因此用title的过去分词形式。故填titled。 10．考查副词。句意：如今，正在该地区广泛推广。空处修饰动词practiced，副词widely符合题意，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高一上·河南郑州·期中）假设你是李华，上周重阳节 (Double Ninth Festival) ，你们班组织了去敬老院 (Nursing home) 的志愿活动。请根据以下提示，写篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括： 1. 活动时间、地点及参与者； 2. 活动过程； 3. 你的感受。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 A Fun Double Ninth Visit to the Nursing Home ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A possible version A Fun Double Ninth Visit to the Nursing Home On the recent Double Ninth Festival, my whole class volunteered at the nearby nursing home, which left a deep impression on me. Upon arrival, we were divided into small groups. Some chatted with the elders, listening to their stories about the past. Some helped clean their rooms, while others put on a short performance of folk songs and poems. Seeing their bright smiles when we chatted, I felt warm in my heart. I truly enjoyed the activity. The elders need not only material support but also emotional care. It also reminded me to cherish the time with my own grandparents. Such meaningful experiences are truly priceless. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇关于重阳节去敬老院进行志愿者活动的短文向校英文报投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 珍惜：cherish→value 有意义的：meaningful→significant 灿烂的：bright→radiant 无价的：priceless→invaluable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Upon arrival, we were divided into small groups. 拓展句：The moment we arrived, we were divided into small groups. 【点睛】【高分句型1】On the recent Double Ninth Festival, my whole class volunteered at the nearby nursing home, which left a deep impression on me.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Seeing their bright smiles when we chatted, I felt warm in my heart.（运用了现在分词作状语和when引导的时间状语从句） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $