研究报告类说明文阅读技巧 公开课课件（含导学案） -2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦研究报告类说明文阅读核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理了语篇结构分析、结论定位、细节理解等考查维度，通过典型词汇（如find、show）和真题案例（2024新高考I卷D篇）归纳常考题型，突出语言能力和思维品质的考查要求，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题解析+技巧建模”策略，如以2024新高考I卷D篇为例，运用“动词定位法”快速锁定研究结论，结合“结构定位法”划分Method、Analysis等段落，培养学生逻辑思维和分析能力。设易错点警示（如细节比对偏差），助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准指导，提升复习效率。

研究报告类说明文的解题技巧 ---基于语篇结构分析 Why is exposition difficult? 19% 47% 16% 第一题 第二题 第三题 第四题 正确率 正确率 正确率 正确率 16% Is there a way to quickly understand an exposition essay? Discourse structure 3 Sales 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 10 50 Sales 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 55 45 Sales 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 35 65 Sales 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 90 10 02 01 03 Research report Process 研究过程 Evaluation 评议 Findings 研究结果 主旨 research method 研究方法 research analysis 研究结果分析 Positive Obejective Negative How can we find out the structure quicky? Typical words For example, how can we find out the research findings? 表示发现、表明等研究性动词 sb.suggested/found that＋研究结论 A honeybee’s life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey. Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar （花蜜） is incredibly difficult. In new research published recently, our team reports how bees make these complex decisions. 转折词之后 段首、段尾 find/found show/showed suggest/suggested reveal/revealed prove/proved imply/implied Typical words Findings find/found, show/showed, suggest/suggested, reveal/revealed, prove/proved, imply/implied, Process Method: participants, volunteers, the first group... the second group... Analysis: the result, the reason, Supplement/Evaluation Positive: valuable, Objective: although, need, Negative: limitation, Application Step3 Step4 The past decade saw an increase in knowledge about the gut microbiota(肠道微生物群),and how it can have a positive impact on our health.I was first introduced to this area of science by Professor Gretchen Daily from Stanford University.She mentioned a research project conducted in Finland.The study set up an experiment with children in kindergartens to see what happened to their skin and gut microbiomes and their immune(免疫的) system function if they played in areas containing elements of nature. Seventy-nine children took part, all living in urban environments and spending the majority of their days at different daycare centres around Finland. They were encouraged to play in only one of the three types of yard over the 28 days of the experiment. The first was a standard outdoor play area, made up of concrete, gravel and some plastic matting. The second was nature-based: these have grass, soil and planted areas. In the experimental areas, the concrete and gravel were covered with forest floor and soil from the local forest. Before and after periods of play,the children’s skin and gut microbiota were measured, along with changes in their blood for immunoregulatory cytokine levels and Treg cell frequencies. These cells and proteins play a crucial role in preventing certain diseases; their levels in our blood are often used as an indication of how well the immune system is functioning. Remarkable results emerged. The children who played in the experimental yard showed a large increase in the diversity of microbiota on their skin and in their gut in comparison to the children playing in the urban and nature-based areas. Importantly, these were the “good” types of microbiota. The importance of this study cannot be overstated. It’s clear that even short-term exposure to nature’s microbial diversity has the potential to fundamentally change the diversity of microbiota on our skin and in our gut. In addition, it suggests that the altered gut microbiota can regulate the function of our immune system. Where can you find out the research findings? Step1 Step2 Step3 Step4 The past decade saw an increase in knowledge about the gut microbiota(肠道微生物群),and how it can have a positive impact on our health.I was first introduced to this area of science by Professor Gretchen Daily from Stanford University.She mentioned a research project conducted in Finland.The study set up an experiment with children in kindergartens to see what happened to their skin and gut microbiomes and their immune(免疫的) system function if they played in areas containing elements of nature. Seventy-nine children took part, all living in urban environments and spending the majority of their days at different daycare centres around Finland. They were encouraged to play in only one of the three types of yard over the 28 days of the experiment. The first was a standard outdoor play area, made up of concrete, gravel and some plastic matting. The second was nature-based: these have grass, soil and planted areas. In the experimental areas, the concrete and gravel were covered with forest floor and soil from the local forest. Before and after periods of play, the children’s skin and gut microbiota were measured, along with changes in their blood for immunoregulatory cytokine levels and Treg cell frequencies. These cells and proteins play a crucial role in preventing certain diseases; their levels in our blood are often used as an indication of how well the immune system is functioning. Remarkable results emerged. The children who played in the experimental yard showed a large increase in the diversity of microbiota on their skin and in their gut in comparison to the children playing in the urban and nature-based areas. Importantly, these were the “good” types of microbiota. The importance of this study cannot be overstated. It’s clear that even short-term exposure to nature’s microbial diversity has the potential to fundamentally change the diversity of microbiota on our skin and in our gut. In addition, it suggests that the altered gut microbiota can regulate the function of our immune system. Where can you find out the structure? P1: Findings P2：Method P3：Analysis P4 Evaluation Step1 Step2 Step1 Step2 Step3 Step4 1.What was the purpose of the research project? 2.What was the feature of the experimental yard according to the text? 3.What did the research show? 4.What does the study suggest about future health practices? P1: Findings P2：Method P3：Analysis P4: Evaluation Step1 The past decade saw an increase in knowledge about the gut microbiota(肠道微生物群),and how it can have a positive impact on our health.I was first introduced to this area of science by Professor Gretchen Daily from Stanford University.She mentioned a research project conducted in Finland.The study set up an experiment with children in kindergartens to see what happened to their skin and gut microbiomes and their immune(免疫的) system function if they played in areas containing elements of nature.. Step2 Step4 A.To analyze children’s play preferences. B.To explore the nature’s impact on health. C.To compare different daycare environments. D.To seek ways to improve children’s immunity. 1.What was the purpose of the research project?? P1: Findings Step3 Step1 Step2 Step4 Researchers brought more than 120 mothers and their toddler-aged children toSeventy-nine children took part, all living in urban environments and spending the majority of their days at different daycare centres around Finland. They were encouraged to play in only one of the three types of yard over the 28 days of the experiment. The first was a standard outdoor play area, made up of concrete, gravel and some plastic matting. The second was nature-based: these have grass, soil and planted areas. In the experimental areas, the concrete and gravel were covered with forest floor and soil from the local forest. A.It included plastic matting only. B.It was entirely made of concrete. C.It was planted with artificial grass. D.It was covered with local forest soil. 2.What was the feature of the experimental yard according to the text? P2：Method Step3 Step1 Before and after periods of play, the children’s skin and gut microbiota were measured, along with changes in their blood for immunoregulatory cytokine levels and Treg cell frequencies. These cells and proteins play a crucial role in preventing certain diseases; their levels in our blood are often used as an indication of how well the immune system is functioning. Remarkable results emerged. The children who played in the experimental yard showed a large increase in the diversity of microbiota on their skin and in their gut in comparison to the children playing in the urban and nature-based areas. Importantly, these were the “good” types of microbiota. Step2 Step4 3.What did the research show? A.Fewer kids played in urban areas. B.More kids preferred experimental yards. C.The kids’ immune system functioned the same. D.The kids’ microbiota diversity rose in experimental areas. P3：Analysis Step3 Step1 The importance of this study cannot be overstated. It’s clear that even short-term exposure to nature’s microbial diversity has the potential to fundamentally change the diversity of microbiota on our skin and in our gut. In addition, it suggests that the altered gut microbiota can regulate the function of our immune system. Step2 Step4 A.Increasing physical exercise. B.Conducting long-term studies. C.Integrating nature into daily life. D.Increasing microbial diversity artificially. 4.What does the study suggest about future health practices? P4 Evaluation Step3 研究报告类说明文做题步骤 02 03 用篇章结构定位信息段 用结构 定段落 抓题眼 对原文 定位题干关键词 回归文章找依据 01 04 动词定位法 位置定位法 找结论 定主旨 分辨选项细微差别 识别干扰错误项 辨选项 比细节 Team Work: What questions would you design for Passage 3 based on its structure? Step1 找结论定主旨 Step3 抓题眼对原文 Step4 辨选项比细节 Step2 用结构定段落 ①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 细节理解题 P1: Findings P2-4: Method P5: Analysis P6-7: Evaluation STEP1：找结论定主旨 STEP2： 用结构定段落 STEP3：抓题眼对原文 STEP4：辨选项比细节 found ② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 推理判断题 P1: Findings P2-4: Method P5: Analysis P6-7: Evaluation ④“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. ⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling。 D. Unreliable data collection devices. 细节理解题 P1: Findings P2-4: Method P5: Analysis P6-7: Evaluation ⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? ⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 推理判断题 P1: Findings P2-4: Method P5: Analysis P6-7: Evaluation ⑤...This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. Self-reflection 反思内容 Excellent Good Need improving 我是否了解研究报告类说明文的文章结构？       我是否能快速通过标志词识别文章各部分？       我是否能掌握相应的做题技巧？       本堂课还有哪些其他问题需要得到老师的帮助？ Homework: Passage 4 Thank you $研究报告类说明文的解题技巧 导学案 （1） 学习目标 1. 通过对比多篇典型文章，总结研究报告类说明文的文章结构。 2. 通过归纳多篇典型文章，识别研究报告类说明文各部分的标志词。 3. 通过合作、讨论，获得研究报告类说明文的解题技巧。 （二）学习任务 Task 1 Preview 1. Read the definition and classification of the Expository Essay below. · Definition of the Expository Essay: An expository essay is a type of writing that aims to explain, inform, or describe a particular topic or idea. It presents a balanced and objective view of the subject matter by providing relevant facts, examples, and explanations.  · Classification of the Expository Essay: Research report 研究结果（findings/results）——主旨大意（最佳标题/写作目的） 研究过程（process：method/supporting evidence/analysis）——研究方法/支撑细节/研究分析 对结论进一步阐述或补充（supplement）或专家评议（evaluation：suggestion/limitations/further study/value）——推断情感态度 Social phenomena Invention 提出现象——主旨大意（最佳标题/写作目的） 分析原因 说明造成影响 提出解决问题的措施、建议、看法——推断情感态度 分析产生原因 大体介绍新产品、方法——明确说明对象即主旨大意（最佳标题/写作目的） 介绍原理或内容 分析优缺点或特点（对比） 对结论进一步阐述或补充，专家评议（局限或前景）——推断情感态度 2. Draw a structural diagram of the Passage 1. Task 2 Lead-in 1. Why is exposition difficult? £ Complex words £ Abstract Concepts £ Structural Complexity £ Inference and Implied Information £ Identifying Main Ideas vs. Details £ Maintaining Focus on Technical Content £ 2. Is there a way to quickly understand an exposition essay? · Task 3 Discourse structure 1. Work in pairs. Using Passage 1 and Passage 2 as examples, summarize the structural diagram of the research report and underline the typical words that signal each part of the report. Part I (Para. ) Part II (Para. ) Part III (Para. ) Part IV (Para. ) ( Process) 2. Work in groups. Using Passage 1 and Passage 2 as examples, brainstorm as many typical words as possible that signal each section of a research report. Findings find/found, show/showed, suggest/suggested, reveal/revealed, prove/proved, imply/implied, Process Method: participants, volunteers, the first group... the second group... Analysis: the result, the reason, Supplement/Evaluation Positive: valuable, Objective: although, need, Negative: limitation, 3. Share your ideas with the whole class. · Task 4 Application 1. Complete Passage 2 again by identifying the typical words to analyze the discourse structure. 2. Be prepared to share your problem-solving approaches with the whole class. Tips： · Task 5 Practice · 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. Based on the structural diagram of the research report, what questions would you design for Passage 3? 1　 2　 3　 4　 2. Compare the original questions with yours and complete Passage 3 quickly. 3. Be prepared to share your problem-solving approaches with the whole class. · Task 6 Self-reflection 反思内容 Excellent Good Need improving 我是否了解研究报告类说明文的文章结构？ 我是否能快速通过标志词识别文章各部分？ 我是否能掌握相应的做题技巧？ 本堂课还有哪些其他问题需要得到老师的帮助？ （三）课后作业 Complete Passage 4 by applying what we have learned today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 题单 Passage 1 (成都二诊 C篇） A honeybee’s life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey. Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar （花蜜） is incredibly difficult. In new research published recently, our team reports how bees make these complex decisions.     We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers, each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup. Different-colored “flowers” varied in their likelihood of offering sugar. We put tiny, harmless paint marks on the back of each bee, and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array. We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers. They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.     The results and what we expected are poles apart. Usually in animals, an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision. This is called the speed-accuracy trade-off, which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision. More evidence means a more accurate decision, but gathering evidence takes time. So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster. But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty , they rejected it. They might have missed some rewarding flowers, but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.     The only other animals known to beat the speed-accuracy trade-off are humans and primates. It’s indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary. Structural diagram： Passage 2 (成都三诊 C篇） The past decade saw an increase in knowledge about the gut microbiota(肠道微生物群),and how it can have a positive impact on our health.I was first introduced to this area of science by Professor Gretchen Daily from Stanford University.She mentioned a research project conducted in Finland.The study set up an experiment with children in kindergartens to see what happened to their skin and gut microbiomes and their immune(免疫的) system function if they played in areas containing elements of nature. Seventy-nine children took part, all living in urban environments and spending the majority of their days at different daycare centres around Finland. They were encouraged to play in only one of the three types of yard over the 28 days of the experiment. The first was a standard outdoor play area, made up of concrete, gravel and some plastic matting. The second was nature-based: these have grass, soil and planted areas. In the experimental areas, the concrete and gravel were covered with forest floor and soil from the local forest. Before and after periods of play, the children’s skin and gut microbiota were measured, along with changes in their blood for immunoregulatory cytokine levels and Treg cell frequencies. These cells and proteins play a crucial role in preventing certain diseases; their levels in our blood are often used as an indication of how well the immune system is functioning. Remarkable results emerged. The children who played in the experimental yard showed a large increase in the diversity of microbiota on their skin and in their gut in comparison to the children playing in the urban and nature-based areas. Importantly, these were the “good” types of microbiota. The importance of this study cannot be overstated. It’s clear that even short-term exposure to nature’s microbial diversity has the potential to fundamentally change the diversity of microbiota on our skin and in our gut. In addition, it suggests that the altered gut microbiota can regulate the function of our immune system. 28. What was the purpose of the research project? A.To analyze children’s play preferences. B.To explore the nature’s impact on health. C.To compare different daycare environments. D.To seek ways to improve children’s immunity. 29. What was the feature of the experimental yard according to the text? A.It included plastic matting only. B.It was entirely made of concrete. C.It was planted with artificial grass. D.It was covered with local forest soil. 30. What did the research show? A.Fewer kids played in urban areas. B.More kids preferred experimental yards. C.The kids’ immune system functioned the same. D.The kids’ microbiota diversity rose in experimental areas. 31. What does the study suggest about future health practices? A.Increasing physical exercise. B.Conducting long-term studies. C.Integrating nature into daily life. D.Increasing microbial diversity artificially. Passage 3 (2024年新课标全国I卷 D篇）  In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens（标本）, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable?”     Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.     “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias（使有偏差） data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.     Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.     What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?     “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” Structural diagram： Your design: 1. 2. 3. Passage 4 (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷 D篇） As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature. 2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A.To compare different types of park-goers. B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. C.To analyze the main features of the park. D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. 3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C.The same nature experience takes different forms. D.The nature language enhances work performance. 4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation. C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication. $