Unit 4 Literature for Identity 二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 必修3·冀教版·Unit4 LiteratureforIdentity.二 一、重点单词详解 1:pretend 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.假装：装扮；声称 二、构词法 前缀：pre-(预先；向前)+tend(伸展；趋向)→字面义”预先做出倾向”，引申为”假 装” 形容词：pretended(adj.假装的；虚假的) 名词：pretence/pretension(n.假装；做作；自命不凡) 三、必记搭配与例句 pretend to do sth.(假装做某事，强调动作未发生) pretend to be doing sth.(假装正在做某事，强调动作进行中) pretend that+从句（假装…） pretend ignorance(假装无知) 四、重点辨析 pretend vs.affect: pretend侧重主观故意”假装”不存在的情况；affect强调”人为做作以达到某种效果， 如affect a smile(强装微笑)。 2:somehow 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.不知怎么地：以某种方式：设法 构词法 some(某个；一些)+how(如何；方式)→合成副词，表示”以某种方式”或”不知如 何地” 三、必记搭配与例句 表示”设法；总算：Somehow we managed to finish the task.(我们总算完成了任务。) 表示”不知怎么地”：She looked sad somehow.(不知怎么地，她看起来很悲伤。) 常见搭配：somehow or other(不管怎样；设法) 四、拓展用法 在句中位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，修饰整个句子或谓语动词。 3:drill 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.钻孔；训练；n.钻（头）：军事训练；演习 二、构词法 动词含义”钻孔”与名词钻头”同源；动词”训练”与名词”演习”同源，均源于古英 语drillan”(旋转；钻孔)。 三、必记搭配与例句 动词(dil) drill a hole(钻孔) drill sb.in sth.（训练某人做某事，尤指反复练习) drill students in grammar(让学生反复练习语法) 名词(dll) fire drill(消防演习) drill team(仪仗队；训练队) drill sergeant(军训教官) 四、重点辨析 drill vs.exercise: dil侧重”系统性重复训练”，如军事训练、语言操练；exercise泛指”练习；锻炼”，如 physical exercise（体育锻炼)。 4:choke 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.(使)室息；哽噎；（因感情激动）说不出话；阻塞 二、构词法 形容词：choked(adj.哽咽的；阻塞的) 名词：choke(n.室息；阻气门) 三、 必记搭配与例句 choke on sth.(因某物室息)：He choked on a fish bone.（他被鱼刺噎住了。) choke up(哽咽；说不出话)：She choked up when talking about her childhood.(谈到童年 时，她哽咽了。) choke off(阻止；中断)：The government tried to choke off illegal trade..(政府试图阻止 非法贸易。) 名词(choke) give sb.the choke(掐住某人喉咙) 四、固定搭配 choke back tears(忍住眼泪) 5:dismiss 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.解雇；解散：不予考虑：驳回 二、构词法 前缀：dis-(否定；离开)+miss(送；放出)→字面义”送走”→引申为”解雇；解散 名词：dismissal(n.解雇；解散；不予理会) 形容词：dismissive（adj.轻蔑的；不予理会的) 三、 必记搭配与例句 dismiss sb.from sth.（解雇某人；开除某人)：He was dismissed from his post.(他被解雇 了。) dismiss sth.as.(认为某事…而不予考虑)：She dismissed the idea as impossible..(她认 为这个想法不可能而不予考虑。) dismiss a case(驳▣案件) dismiss the meeting(宣布会议结束) 四、重点辨析 dismiss vs.fire: dismiss为正式用语，可指解雇、解散或驳回；fre为口语化用词，仅指”解雇”。 6:poetry 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.诗歌：诗集；诗意 二、构词法 词根：poet(n.诗人) 形容词：poetic(adj.诗的；诗意的) 名词：poetry(诗歌总称，不可数)；poem(具体的一首诗，可数) 三、必记搭配与例句 不可数名词：a collection of poetry(诗集)；love poetry(爱情诗) 常见搭配：write poetry(写诗)：appreciate poetry(欣赏诗歌) 四、重点辨析 poetry vs.poem: poetry指诗歌这一文学体裁的总称，不可数；poem指具体的”一首诗，可数，如a beautiful poem(一首美丽的诗)。 7:rhyme “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.押韵；n.押韵词；押韵 构词法 动词：rhyme(押韵)→名词：hyme(押韵；押韵词) 形容词：rhyming(adj.押韵的) 三、必记搭配与例句】 动词(rhyme) hyme with sth.（与某物押韵)：Cat”rhymes with 'hat'”.(Cat”和hat”押韵。) rhyme off(背诵，尤指押韵的内容)：She can rhyme off all the capitals of Europe..(她能 背出欧洲所有国家的首都。) 名词(rhyme) end rhyme(尾韵)：internal rhyme(内韵) rhyme scheme(押韵格式，如ABAB,AABB) 四、拓展用法 在诗歌创作中，hyme是重要的修辞手法，可增强语言的节奏感和音乐美。 8:shallow 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.浅的；肤浅的；n.浅滩；浅处 、构词法 副词：shallowly(adv.肤浅地；浅地) 名词：shallowness(n.肤浅：浅度) 三、必记搭配与例句 指”深度浅”：shallow water(浅水)；shallow hole(浅坑) 指”思想/知识肤浅”：shallow understanding(肤浅的理解)：shallow person(浅薄的人) 固定搭配：a shallow breathing（浅呼吸) 四、重点辨析 shallow vs.superficial: shallow侧重”深度不够”，可指物理深度或思想深度；superficial侧重”表面的；不深入 的”，如superficial knowledge（表面知识)。 9:observe 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.观察；注意到：遵守；评论 二、构词法 名词：observation(n.观察；观察力；评论) 形容词：observant(adj.善于观察的；遵守的) 三、必记搭配与例句 表示'观察；注意到：observe sb.do/doing sth.(观察某人做/正在做某事) 表示遵守”：observe the law(遵守法律)：observe traffic rules(遵守交通规则) 表示评论”：observe that+从句（评论说…) 常见搭配：under observation(被观察中) 四、重点辨析 observe vs.watch: obse1ve强调？有目的、仔细地观察”，常用于科学研究：watch侧重”持续观看动态的事 物，如watch TV(看电视)。 10:smash 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.撞击；粉碎 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She tried to_a smile when she heard the sad news. A)pretend B)affect C)observe D)dismiss 2.we managed to get to the airport on time despite the heavy traffic. A)Somehow B)Somewhat C)Somewhere D)Sometimes 3.The soldiers have to go through daily to keep their skills sharp A)exercise B)drill C)practice D)training 4.He_on a piece of bread and couldn't speak for a few seconds A)choked B)smashed C)drilled D)observed 5.The manager decided to the proposal as it was not feasible. A)dismiss B)pretend C)choke D)rhyme 6.She has a deep love for_and often writes poems in her free time. A)poem B)poetry C)rhyme D)literature 7.The river is toofor swimming,so we have to be careful. A)shallow B)superficial C)narrow D)deep 8.The scientists spent years_the behavior of chimpanzees in the wild. A)watching B)observing C)drilling D)smashing 9.The fire_was held yesterday to prepare students for emergencies. A)drill B)exercise C)practice D)training 10.The words"night'”and "light'”with each other. A)rhyme B)match C)fit D)suit (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.His_(pretend)smile couldn't hide his disappointment.(形容词) 2.The teacher's_(observe)of the students'behavior was very detailed.( 3.After the accident,he had difficulty breathing and his (breathe)was shallow. 4.The company announced the(dismiss)of several employees due to budget cuts.( 5.She gave a_(choke)response when asked about her family..(形容词) 6.The_(drill)sergeant was very strict with the new recruits.( 7.The poem uses(rhyme)to create a musical effect.( 8.His(superficial)knowledge of the subject was quickly exposed during the discussion. (形容词) 9.The (somehow)successful project surprised everyone in the team.( 10.The(shallowness)of the lake makes it unsafe for boating.( (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The students were asked to pto be asleep when the teacher entered the room. 2.S_or other,we need to finish this work by Friday. 3.The workers used a d to make holes in the wall for the pipes. 4.She cup when she saw the old photos of her childhood 5.The judge decided to d the case due to lack of evidence 6.Reading pcan help improve one's appreciation of language. 7.The lake is s here,so you can walk across it. 8.The scientists will o_the experiment for the next three months. 9.The school holds a fire devery term to ensure safety. 10.The two words”cat”and'hat'”rperfectly. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B AB AA BAB AA 解析1（第1题）： 考查affect的固定用法。affect a smile表示强装微笑'，符合句意”当她听到这个悲伤 的消息时，她试图强装微笑”；pretend侧重主观故意”假装”不存在的情况，不符合语 境，故选B。 解析2（第3题）： 考查dil的固定用法。daily drill表示”日常训练”，符合句意”士兵们必须进行日常训 练以保持技能熟练”；exercise泛指”练习；锻炼”，不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第8题）： 考查observe的固定用法。observe the behavior表示？观察行为”，符合句意”科学家花费 了多年时间观察野生黑猩猩的行为”；watch强调”观看”，不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.pretended 2.observation 3.breathing 4.dismissal 5.choked 6.drill 7.rhyme 8.superfi- cial 9.somehow 10.shallowness 3.首字母填空答案： 1.pretend 2.Somehow 3.drill 4.choked 5.dismiss 6.poetry 7.shallow 8.observe 9.drill 10.rhyme 英语词汇复习手册·必修3·Unit4 Literature for Identity二