Unit 5 Self-Control 一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·冀教版·Unit5Sef-Control-一 一、 重点单词详解 1:restrict 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.限制；限定；束缚 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：strict(adj.严格的) 形容词：restrictive/'strktrv/(adj.限制性的) 名词：restriction/r'stkm/(n.限制规定；约束，由restrict+-ion名词后缀构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(restrict) restrict sb.sth.to sth.(将某人/某物限制在…范围内) be restricted by(受…限制) restrict oneself to(克制自己做某事：仅限于) 名词（1 estriction) impose/lift restriction on（对…实施/解除限制) age/weight restriction（年龄/体重限制) 四、拓展用法 写作高频表达：Due to time restrictions,we have to shorten the meeting.(由于时间限制， 我们不得不缩短会议。) 2:sustainable 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.可持续的；合理利用的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：sustain(v.维持；支撑) 名词：sustainability/sa,sterne'brlati/(n.可持续性) 动词：sustain(由sus-(下)+tain(持有)构成，字面义”在下方支撑) 、 用法与常见搭配 形容词(sustainable) sustainable development(可持续发展) sustainable energy(可再生能源) sustainable agriculture(生态农业) 动词（sustain) sustain life(维持生命) sustain damage/Ioss(遭受损害/损失) 四、拓展用法 写作高级替换：”环保的”除用environmentally friendly外，可用sustainable表达，如 sustainable lifestyle(可持续生活方式)。 3:discipline 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.自律；纪律v.训练；处罚 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：disciplined/drseplrnd/(adj.遵守纪律的；训练有素的) 派生词：disciplinary/,drsa'plrneri/(adj.纪律的；惩戒的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词（discipline) military discipline(军纪) lack of discipline(缺乏自律) 动词(discipline) discipline sb.for(因…处罚某人) discipline oneself to do sth.(严格要求自己做某事) 四、近义词辨析 discipline vs.pish:discipline侧重”为培养纪律而处罚”，punish仅指”惩罚过错”，如 The teacher disciplined the class by giving extra homework.(老师通过留额外作业整顿纪 律。) 4:negative 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.消极的；负面的 二、构词法（词性转换） 反义词：positive/pDzatrv/(adj.积极的；肯定的) 名词：negativity/nega'trvati/(n.消极性) 动词：negate/n'get/(v.否定；取消) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词(negative) negative attitude(消极态度) negative impact(负面影响) in the negative（否定地；反对) 名词(negative) turn negative(转为负面) 四、语境用法 科技领域：negative charge(负电荷)；摄影术语：negative(底片)，如develop a negative (冲洗底片)。 5:stimulate 、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.刺激；激发 构词法（词性转换） 名词：stimulation/,stmj3'le/(n.刺激；鼓舞) 形容词：stimulating/'stmjulertr/(ad.振奋人心的；有启发性的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(stimulate) stimulate sb.to do sth.(激励某人做某事) stimulate demand/economy(刺激需求/经济) stimulate interest in(激发对…的兴趣) 形容词（stimulating) a stimulating conversation/book(启发思考的对话/书) 四、近义词辨析 stimulate vs.motivate:stimulate侧重？”通过外界因素激发”，如stimulate creativity(激发 创造力)；motivate侧重”内在动力驱动”，如motivate sb.by goals（用目标激励某人)。 6:fatigue 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.疲劳：劳累 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：fatigued/fati:gd山(adj.疲惫的) 派生词：fatiguing/f'i:g/(adj.令人疲劳的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词(fatigue) mental/physical fatigue(精神/身体疲劳) suffer from fatigue(感到疲劳) 动词（fatigue) be fatigued with/by(因…而疲惫) 四、写作运用 避免重复使用tired:可用fatigue替换，如Long hours of work led to extreme fatigue..(长 时间工作导致极度疲劳。) 7:refresh 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.使恢复精力；使振作 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：refreshment/i'frefmant/(n.茶点；提神物) 形容词：refreshing /r'fiei/(adj.令人耳目一新的；提神的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(refresh) refresh oneself with（用…提神) refresh one's memory(唤起记忆) 形容词(refreshing) a refreshing drink/breeze(提神的饮料/清风) 四、拓展用法 科技用语：refresh the page(刷新页面)：口语：A short walk will refresh you.(短途散步 能让你恢复精神。) 8:absorb 一、 核心考点 词性动词(v) 核心义V.吸收；理解 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：absorbed/b'so:bd/(adj.全神贯注的》 名词：absorption/ab'sopn/(n.吸收；专注) 、 用法与常见搭配 动词(absorb) absorb water/.heat(吸水/热) absorb information（理解信息) be absorbed in(全神贯注于) 四、近义词辨析 absorb vs.absorb in:absorb直接接宾语，如absorb knowledge;:be absorbed in强调状态， 如She was absorbed in reading.（她沉浸在阅读中。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The government plans to_the use of plastic bags in supermarkets. A)restrict B)absorb C)fatigue D)refresh 2.Sustainable development aims to meet present needs withoutthe ability of future gener- ations. A)stimulating B)restricting C)compromising D)sustaining 3.Military requires strict obedience to orders from superior officers. A)discipline B)fatigue C)restriction D)negativity 4.Constant exposure to social media rumors may lead to a_attitude toward daily life. A)sustainable B)negative C)disciplined D)refreshing 5.Regular exercise can blood circulation and improve overall health A)absorb B)fatigue C)stimulate D)restrict 6.After a long hike,physical made it difficult for her to climb the final hill. A)refreshment B)absorption C)stimulation D)fatigue 7.A cup of green tea canyou when you feel sleepy in the afternoon A)restrict B)refresh C)discipline D)sustain 8.Plants_carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen through photosynthesis. A)absorb B)fatigue C)negate D)stimulate 9.Parents should their children to finish homework independently rather than punish them for mistakes. A)refresh B)discipline C)restrict D)sustain 10.The new policy will lift_on foreign investment in the technology sector. A)stimulants B)refreshments C)restrictions D)absorptions (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The company has imposed strict(restrict)on overtime work to ensure employee health. 2.(Sustain)agriculture practices help maintain soil fertility for future crops 3.Her_(discipline)study habits enabled her to pass the exam with excellent grades. 4.To avoid(negative),try to focus on solutions rather than problems 5.The teacher used colorful examples to(stimulation)students'interest in chemistry. 6.After the marathon,runners often experience muscle(fatigue)for several days 7.The cool breeze from the lake was_(refresh)on such a hot summer afternoon. 8.The blackboard was wiped clean to (absorption)new notes for the next class. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.To reduce waste,many cities rthe use of single-use plastics. 2.Solar and wind energy are considered s_sources of power. 3.Without self-d,it is hard to achieve long-term goals. 4.Excessive screen time may have a neffect on children's eyesight 5.Music can screativity and improve mood in both children and adults. 6.Mental f from studying can be relieved by short breaks and deep breathing. 7.A quick walk outside can r your mind when you feel tired. 8.Sponges are designed to awater quickly and efficiently 9.The school has strict dpolicies to ensure a quiet learning environment. 10.The doctor advised him to avoid caffeinated drinks to prevent sleep r. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ACA B C D B A B C 2.补全句子答案： 1.restrictions 2.Sustainable 3.disciplined 4.negativity 5.stimulate 6.fatigue 7.refreshing 8.ab- sorb 3.首字母填空答案： 1.restrict 2.sustainable 3.discipline 4.negative 5.stimulate 6.fatigue 7.refresh 8.absorb 9.disci- pline 10.restriction 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·冀教版·Unit5Self-Control一