Unit 5 Humankind and Nature 一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修4·冀教版·Unit5 IumankindandNature-一 、 重点单词详解 1:random 二、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：ad.随机的：随意的 一、 构词法（词性转换） 无明显词根，副词形式：randomly/1 endamli/(随意地；随机地) 名词形式：randomness/'1 aendamnes/(随机性) 三、必记搭配与例句 at random随机地；任意地（如choose a card at random随机抽一张卡） random selection随机选择 random order随机顺序 四、重点辨析】 random vs arbitrary: random强调'无规律、纯偶然”（如random sampling随机抽样）： arbitrary侧重”主观臆断、武断，（如arbitrary decision武断的决定）。 五、作文高级句型 The survey results were collected through random sampling to ensure fairness and objectivity. 该调查通过随机抽样收集数据，以确保公平性和客观性。 2:correspond 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.通信；相一致；符合 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：cor-(共同)+respond(回应) 名词：correspondence/,kor'spondens//(通信；对应) 形容词：corresponding/.kpr'spondm)/(相应的；一致的) 三、必记搭配与例句 correspond with sb.与某人通信（如correspond with her regularly定期与她通信) correspond to/with sth.与某物一致（如results correspond with expectations结果与预期一 致) 四、拓展用法 corresponding作定语：the corresponding period last year去年同期 五、作文高级句型 Her actions do not correspond with her promises,which makes others doubt her sincerity. 她的行为与承诺不符，这使他人怀疑她的诚意。 3:intervention 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.干涉；介入 、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：intervene/Inta'vi/(v.千涉：介入) 动词：intervene（由inter-”在…之间+vene”来”构成) 形容词：interventional/Imta'venfanl/（介入的；干预的) 三、必记搭配与例句 military intervention军事干涉 government intervention政府介入 intervention in sth.对某事的干涉（如intervention in the conflict介入冲突） 四、重点辨析 intervention vs interference: intervention可指”中性介入”（如medical intervention医疗干预）： interference侧重”贬义千扰？”（如political interference政治干扰）。 五、作文高级句型 Timely intervention by the teacher prevented the argument from escalating 老师的及时介入阻止了争论升级。 4:dedication 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.奉献；献身 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：dedicate/dedrkert/(v.致力于；奉献) 动词短语：dedicate oneself to sth.致力于某事 形容词：dedicated/dedrkertrd/(专注的；献身的) 三、必记搭配与例句 dedication to sth.对某事的奉献（如dedication to education对教育的奉献) show dedication表现出奉献精神 四、拓展用法 dedicated作定语：a dedicated teacher敬业的教师 五、作文高级句型 His dedication to scientific research earned him widespread respect in the field. 他对科研的奉献为他赢得了该领域的广泛尊重。 5:restore born、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.恢复；修复 构词法（词性转换） 词根：re-(重新)+store(储存；放置) 名词：restoration/esta're/（恢复；修复) 形容词：restored/'sto:d/(恢复的；修复的) 三、必记搭配与例句 restore sth.to sth.使某物恢复到…（如restore the building to its original state修复建筑原 貌) restore order恢复秩序 restore confidence重建信心 四、拓展用法 restore可接双宾语：restore him his reputation恢复他的名誉 五、作文高级句型 After years of effort,they finally restored the ancient temple to its former glory. 经过多年努力，他们最终使古庙恢复了昔日辉煌。 6:internal 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.内部的；里面的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：inter-(在内)+-nal(形容词后缀) 反义词：external /ik'st3nl/（外部的) 名词：internality/mt3:'nalati/（内在性；内在特征) 三、必记搭配与例句 internal affairs内政 internal injuries内伤 internal conflict内心矛盾 四、重点辨析 internal vs inner: internal侧重”组织、系统内部”（如internal management内部管理)： iner强调”内心、核心”（如inner feelings内心感受）。 五、作文高级句型 The company is facing both internal challenges (e.g.,staff turnover)and external pressures (e.g.,market competition) 该公司既面临内部挑战（如人员流动），也面临外部压力（如市场竞争）。 7:habitat 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.(动植物的)栖息地 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：habit(习惯；居住)+-at(名词后缀，表地点) 形容词：habitat loss栖息地丧失 动词短语：destroy/lose habitat破坏/失去栖息地 三、 必记搭配与例句 natural habitat自然栖息地 habitat protection栖息地保护 endangered species habitat濒危物种栖，息地 四、拓展用法 habitat前常用形容词：fragile habitat脆弱的栖息地 五、作文高级句型 Deforestation has led to the destruction of countless animal habitats,pushing many species to extinction 森林砍伐破坏了无数动物的栖息地，使许多物种濒临灭绝。 8:emit 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.发出；散发（光、热、气体等） 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：e(出)+mit(送) 名词：emission /i'mr/（排放；散发物) 形容词：emissive/I'mISIV/(发射的；放射性的) 三、必记搭配与例句】 emit light/heat发光/发热 emit gas/.waste排放气体/废物 emit a sound发出声音（如emit a wamning signal发出警告信号） 四、拓展用法 emission常用复数：carbon emissions碳排放 五、作文高级句型 Fossil fuel-burning power plants emit large amounts of carbon dioxide,contributing to global warming 燃烧化石燃料的发电厂排放大量二氧化碳，加剧了全球变暖。 9:barren 、 核心考点 词性：形容词（adj) 核心义：adj.贫瘠的；不毛的；无结果的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：bar'enness./'baerannas/（贫瘠；不育) 近义词：infertile /In'f3taml/(贫瘠的；不生育的) 三、必记搭配与例句 barren land/soil贫瘠的土地/土壤 barren of sth.缺乏某物（如barren ofideas缺乏想法） 四、重点辨析 barren vs desolate: barren强调？土地不肥沃？（如barren desert荒漠)： desolate侧重”荒凉、无人烟”（如desolate island荒岛）。 五、作文高级句型 The once barren mountains have been turned into fertile farmland through years of afforesta- tion 经过多年植树造林，曾经贫瘠的山脉变成了肥沃的农田。 10:enterprise 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.事业；企业；事业心 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：enter--(进入)+pise(获取) 形容词：enterprising/entaprarz/(有事业心的：有创业精神的) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The teacher asked students to pick a book from the shelf for silent reading. A)random B)randomly C)randomness D)at random 2.Her recent actions do notwith the promises she made last month A)correspond B)correspondence C)corresponding D)correspondently 3.The government decided to take to stabilize the housing market. A)intervene B)intervention C)interventional D)interfering 4.The scientist's_to cancer research has saved thousands oflives A)dedicate B)dedicated C)dedication D)dedicating 5.After the fire,workers spent months trying to the historical building to its original ap- pearance. A)restore B)restoration C)restored D)restoring 6.The company's-problems,such as poor management,led to its decline. A)internal B)internalize C)internally D)internality 7.The panda's natural is being threatened by deforestation in Sichuan. A)habit B)habitat C)inhabit D)habitual 8.Factories along the river harmful chemicals into the water,causing pollution. A)emit B)emission C)emissive D)emitting 9.The land could not support any crops,even with advanced farming techniques. A)barren B)barrenness C)fertile D)desolate 10.The young entrepreneur's success was due to her creativity and strong- A)enterprise B)enterprising C)enterprises D)enterprisingly (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The survey data was collected through_(random)sampling to ensure fairness. 2.She has maintained_(correspond)with her pen pal for over five years. 3.Medical(intervene)is necessary to save the patient's life 4.The(dedicate)doctor worked 16 hours a day during the epidemic. 5.The(restore)of the old painting took three expert craftsmen two years 6.The team is currently dealing with both external pressures and internal(conflict). 7.The documentary focuses on the(lose)of wildlife habitat due to urban expansion. 8.Carbon(emit)from vehicles must be reduced to combat climate change 9.Years of drought have turned the once green area into a(barrenness)desert. 10.His(enterprise)spirit led him to start three successful businesses by age 30. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The students were asked to answer questions in rorder to avoid cheating 2.The results of the experiment cwith our initial hypothesis perfectly. 3.The United Nations called for peaceful i to resolve the regional dispute. 4.Her d to helping the poor earned her the title of"Model Citizen." 5.The museum spent millions on the rof the ancient Egyptian artifacts 6.The company's internal a are managed by the HR department. 7.Protecting the natural hofendangered species is crucial for biodiversity. 8.Volcanic eruptions can e huge amounts of ash and gas into the atmosphere 9.The farmer abandoned the b field and moved to the city to find work. 10.Small and medium-sized eplay a vital role in driving economic growth. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：D AB CAA BAAA 2.补全句子答案： 1.random 2.correspondence 3.intervention 4.dedicated 5.restoration 6.conflicts 7.loss 8. emissions 9.barren 10.enterprising 3.首字母填空答案： 1.random 2.correspond 3.intervention 4.dedication 5.restoration 6.affairs 7.habitat 8. emit 9.barren 10.enterprises 英语词汇复习手册·选修4·Unit5 Humankind and Nature一