内容正文:
期末词汇复习
选修4·冀教版·Unit5 HumankindandNature二
一、
重点单词详解
1:conscious
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.意识到的;有意识的
构词法(词性转换)
词根:-sci-(知道,源自拉丁语scire)
派生词:conscious(adj.无意识的;失去知觉的,否定前缀n-+conscious);consciously
(adv.有意识地,形容词+y);consciousness(n.意识;知觉,形容词+ness名词后缀)
三、用法与常见搭配
1.作表语:be conscious of sth.(意识到某事),如:She was conscious ofher mistake..(她
意识到了自己的错误。)
2.作定语:a conscious decision(有意识的决定)
3.固定搭配:become conscious(恢复意识);make a conscious effort(刻意努力)
四、重点辨析
conscious vs.aware:
均含”意识到”之意。conscious侧重内心的觉察,如对自身状态、
情感的感知;aware更强调通过感官或外部信息意识到,如be aware of the danger(意识
到危险)。
2:consumption
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.消耗;消费
、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:-sumpt-(拿,取,源自拉丁语sumere)
动词:consume/kan'sjum/(v.消耗;消费)
形容词:consumptive(adj.消耗性的:消费的,动词+ive)
三、用法与常见搭配
1.介词搭配:the consumption of sth.(某物的消耗消费),如:the consumption of energy
(能源消耗)
2.固定短语:ene1 gy consumption(能源消耗);domestic consumption(国内消费)
四、拓展
”消费”相关表达:consumer(n.消费者);consuming(adj.强烈的,如consuming interest
浓厚的兴趣)
3:maximize
一、核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v.使增加到最大限度;充分利用
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:maxim(n.准则;最大值,源自拉丁语maximus”最大的”)
形容词:maximum/'maeksrmam/(adj.最大的;n.最大值,maxim+m名词后缀)
反义词:minimize/mmmarz/(v.最小化,mii-”小+mize)
三、用法与常见搭配
及物动词,后接名词:maximize profits(最大化利润);1 naximize efficiency(充分提高
效率)
四、拓展
”-ize”结尾动词:表示”使…化”,如realize(实现)、modernize(现代化)
4:infer
一、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v推断;推理
构词法(词性转换)
词根:-fer-(拿,带,源自拉丁语fere)
名词:inference/nferens/(n.推断;结论,infer+ence名词后缀)
三、用法与常见搭配
l.动词搭配:infer sth.from sth.(从…中推断出某事),如:We can infer the result from
the data.(我们可以从数据中推断结果。)
2.注意:ifer的过去式和过去分词为inferred,双写x”加”ed
四、重点辨析
infer vs.imply:infer指”由事实/证据推断”,主语是人;imply指”暗示”,主语是事物,
如:His words implied a warning.(他的话暗示了警告。)
5:representative
、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)、名词(n.)
核心义:adj.典型的;有代表性的;n.代表
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:-present-(送,呈,源自拉丁语presentare)
动词:represent/,Iepr'zent/(v.代表;象征)
名词:representation/,reprIzen'ten/(n.代表;表现,动词+ation)
三、用法与常见搭配
l.作形容词:be representative of(是…的典型/代表),如:This painting is representative
of his early work.(这幅画是他早期作品的代表。)
2.作名词:a representative of(…的代表),如:a representative of the company(公司
代表)
四、拓展
”代表”近义词:delegate(n.代表,侧重会议代表)》
6:corporate
、
核心考点
词性:形容词(ad.)
核心义:adj.公司的;法人的;社团的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:corpor(身体;团体,源自拉丁语corpus”身体”)
名词:corporation/ko:p3'rer/(n.公司;法人团体,corpor+ation)
三、用法与常见搭配
1.名词搭配:corporate culture(企业文化);corporate identity(企业形象);corporate
responsibility(企业责任)
四、辨析
corporate vs.company:corporate为形容词,修饰名词;company为名词(n.公司),如
a corporate strategy(公司战略)Vs.a software company(软件公司)
7:amateur
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(ad山.)、名词(n.)
核心义:adj.业余的;n.业余爱好者
一
构词法(词性转换)
词根:amator(爱好者,源自拉丁语amare”爱)
反义词:professional/pra'feal/(ad西.专业的;n.专业人士)
三、用法与常见搭配
1.作形容词:amateur photographer(业余摄影师)
2.作名词:an amateur in music(音乐业余爱好者)
四、辨析
amateur vs.novice:amateur强调”非职业”,如amateur athlete(业余运动员);novice侧
重”新手”,如a novice driver(新手司机)
8:recite
一、核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v.详述;背诵
构词法(词性转换)
词根:-cit-(召唤,引用,源自拉丁语citare)
名词:recitation/,resI'ter/(n.背诵;朗诵,动词+ation)
三、用法与常见搭配
l.动词搭配:recite sth.from memory(凭记忆背诵某物),如recite a poem(背诵一首
诗)
2.拓展:recite还可表示”列举”,如recite the facts(列举事实)
9:proverb
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.谚语:格言
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:proverbial /pra'v3:bial/(adj.谚语的;众所周知的,名词+ial)
三、
用法与常见搭配
l.固定短语:as the proverb goes(俗话说),如As the proverb goes,.”A friend in need is a
fiiend indeed.”(俗话说:”患难见真情。”)
四、辨析
proverb vs.saying:proverb指”流传广的谚语”,结构较固定;saying泛指俗语,言论”,
如a common saying(俗语)
10:acid
、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.酸性的;酸的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
名词:acidity/'sIdati/(n.酸性;酸度,形容词+ity名词后缀)
反义词:alkaline/'elkelamn/(adj.碱性的)
三、用法与常见搭配
1.名词搭配:acid rain(酸雨);acid soil(酸性土壤)
2.感官描述:taste acid(尝起来酸的)
四、拓展
”酸”相关词汇:sor(adj.酸的,侧重味觉,如sour lemon酸柠檬);acid侧重”化学酸
性”
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.She was_of her mistake after the teacher's explanation.
A)conscious
B)aware
C)unconscious
D)unaware
2.The_of fossil fuels has increased dramatically in recent years.
A)consume
B)consumption
C)consumer
D)consuming
3.Companies are trying to_profits by reducing costs
A)maximize
B)minimum
C)minimize
D)maximum
4.We can from the data that the project will be completed on time.
A)imply
B)infer
C)conclude
D)suggest
5.The survey results are of the opinions of most students.
A)represent
B)representative
C)representation
D)represented
6.culture plays an important role in employee satisfaction
A)Corporation
B)Company
C)Corporate
D)Corperate
7.He is anphotographer who only takes pictures in his free time
A)amateur
B)professional
C)novice
D)expert
8.The students were asked to_the poem they learned yesterday
A)recite
B)describe
C)explain
D)discuss
9.As the goes,"Actions speak louder than words."
A)saying
B)proverb
C)statement
D)expression
10.rain has caused serious damage to the forests in this area.
A)Sour
B)Acid
C)Alkaline
D)Bitter
(二)根据提示补全句子(10题)
1.She made a(conscious)effort to improve her pronunciation.
2.The(consume)of water in this region is very high.
3.We need to find ways to _(maximum)efficiency in our work
4.His_(infer)from the evidence was correct.
5.The new policy will have a significant impact on(represent)democracy.
6.The company's_(corporate)identity needs to be modernized.
7.He is an(amateur)in painting but has a natural talent.
8.The(recite)of the national anthem will start at 8:00 a.m.
9.The(proverb)"A stitch in time saves nine"teaches us to act promptly
10.The (acid)of the soil affects the growth of plants.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.You need to be c_of the risks before making a decision.
2.The government is trying to promote domestic c
3.The goal is to m_the use of available resources.
4.From his words,we can i that he is not satisfied with the result.
5.The data collected is r of the whole population.
6.C responsibility includes environmental protection and social welfare.
7.He is an aathlete who trains only on weekends.
8.The teacher asked the students to rthe text aloud.
9.As the pgoes,"Practice makes perfect."
10.A rain is harmful to buildings and crops.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A BA BB C A AB B
解析1(第1题):
考查conscious的固定用法。be conscious of sth.表示”意识到某事”,符合句意”老师在
解释后,她意识到了自己的错误;aware虽然也有”意识到”的意思,但更强调通过感
官或外部信息意识到,conscious侧重内心的觉察,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查consumption的固定用法。the consumption of sth.表示”某物的消耗/消费”,符合
句意近年来化石燃料的消耗急剧增加”;consume是动词形式,consumer是”消费者”,
consuming是形容词,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第4题):
考查infer的固定用法。infer from sth.表示”从…中推断?”,符合句意”我们可以从数
据中推断出项日将按时完成”;imply表示暗示”,主语是事物,conclude和suggest虽
然也有推断的意思,但搭配不同,故选B。
2.补全句子答案:
1.conscious 2.consumption 3.maximize 4.inference 5.representative 6.corporate 7.ama-
teur 8.recitation 9.proverb 10.acidity
3.首字母填空答案:
1.conscious 2.consumption 3.maximize 4.infer 5.representative 6.Corporate 7.amateur 8.
recite 9.proverb 10.Acid
英语词汇复习手册·选修4·Unit5 Humankind and Nature二