Unit 4 Literature for Self-Understanding 一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修l·冀教版·Unit4 LiteratureforSelf-Understanding一 一、重点单词详解 1:affect 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.影响；侵袭 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：effect /I'fekt/(n.影响；效果) 形容词：effective /I'fektrv/(adj.有效的) 辨析：affect(v.影响)vs.effect(n.影响)：affect强调动作，effect强调结果。 三、必记搭配与例句 影响（侧重情感或状态）：The bad news affected her mood.(坏消息影响了她的心情。) 侵袭（疾病、灾害等）：The disease affected thousands of people.(这种疾病侵袭了数千 人。) 常见搭配：be affected by(受…影响)；affect sb.deeply(深深影响某人) 四、词汇变形 派生词：affection/'fekm/(n.喜爱；感情)；affective'fektrv/(adi.情感的) 2:tolerate 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.容许；忍受 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：tolerant/tplerent/(adj.宽容的；容忍的) 名词：tolerance./tplerens/(n.宽容；忍耐力) 三、必记搭配与例句 忍受（不喜欢的事物）：Ican’t tolerate the noise.(我无法忍受噪音。) 容许（行为、观点等）：The school tolerates no cheating.(学校不容许作弊。) 常见搭配：tolerate doing sth.(容忍做某事)；be tolerant of(对…宽容) 四、辨析 tolerate vs.stand vs.bear:tolerate强调主观上的？宽容”，stand/bear侧重”忍受痛苦或困 难”。 3:overcome “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.战胜；克服（过去式/过去分词：overcame/overcome) 二、构词法（合成词） over(前缀：越过)+come(v.来)→”越过困难”→克服 三、必记搭配与例句 克服（困难、恐惧等）：She overcame her shyness.(她克服了羞怯。) 战胜（敌人、问题）：We overcame all obstacles.(我们战胜了所有障碍。) 常见搭配：overcome difficulties/fear(克服困难/恐惧)；be overcome with(被…压倒， 如：be overcome with joy欣喜若狂) 四、词汇变形 派生词：overcoming/,av3km四(n.克服；战胜) 4:decline 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.下降；拒绝；n.衰弱；减少 二、 词性转换与多义 动词含义： 1.下降（数量、质量等）：The population declined.(人口减少了。) 2.拒绝（邀请、请求）：She declined the invitation.（她拒绝了邀请。) 名词含义：economic decline(经济衰退)：a decline in sales(销量下降) 三、常见搭配 动词搭配：decline to do sth.(拒绝做某事)；decline by..(下降了…) 名词搭配：on the decline(在衰退中)：a sharp decline(急剧下降) 四、辨析 decline vs..refuse vs.reject:decline语气委婉（如拒绝邀请），refuse强调”坚决拒绝”， reject侧重”正式否决”（如申请、建议）。 5:innocent 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.无辜的；清白的 二、构词法（否定前缀） in-(否定前缀)+nocent(拉丁语词根：伤害)→”不伤害的”→无辜的 三、必记搭配与例句 无辜的（人或行为)：an innocent child（无辜的孩子) 清白的（无过错）：He was innocent of the crime.(他是无罪的。) 常见搭配：be innocent of(对…无辜)：innocent eyes(纯真的眼睛) 四、词汇变形 名词：innocence/'msns/(n.无辜；天真) 6:autobiographical 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.自传体的 二、构词法（词根词缀） auto-(前缀：自己)+bio-(词根：生命)+graph(词根：写)+-ical（形容词后缀)→ ”写自己生命的”→自传体的 三、 用法与搭配 常修饰名词：an autobiographical novel（自传体小说)；autobiographical writing（自传体 写作) 四、词汇变形 名词：autobiography/,:taba'pgrafi/(n.自传)；autobiographer/.:taba'Dgref(r)/(n.自 传作者) 7:migrate 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.迁移；迁徙(n.migration /mar'gre/) 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：migration（迁移)；migrant/magrent/(n.移民；候鸟) 三、用法与搭配 (人)移居：People migrate to cities for jobs.(人们为工作移居城市。) (动物)迁徙：Birds migrate south in winter..（鸟类冬季南迁。) 常见搭配：migrate from..to..（从…迁移到…)；migratory/margratri/(adj.迁徙的) 四、辨析 migrate vs.immigrate vs.emigrate: -mig1ate泛指迁移”（人/动物)： -immigrate指”移入”（如：immigrate to China移入中国）： -emigrate指？移出”（如：emigrate from China从中国移出）。 8:humble 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（ad.) 核心义：adj.谦逊的；简陋的 构词法（多义） 1.谦逊的（人）：a humble person（谦逊的人) 2.简陋的（事物）：a humble house(简陋的房子) 三、用法与搭配 常见搭配：be humble about(对…谦逊)：humble beginnings(humble的名词用法：卑 微的出身) 四、词汇变形 动词：humble/'hmb/(v.使谦卑)：派生词：humility /hju:'mileti/(n.谦逊) 五、辨析 humble vs.modest:humble强调”地位低或自谦’，modest侧重”不炫耀”。 9:commentary 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.评论；注释 构词法（词性转换） 动词： comment/"kDment//(v.评论；n.评论) 形容词：commentary/'kpmantri/(n.评论文章；实况解说) 三、用法与搭配 评论（文章/言论）：a political commentary(政治评论) 实况解说：a football commentary（足球赛解说) 常见搭配：commenton(评论…)；provide commentary on(对…进行评论) 四、辨析 commentary vs.comment::commentary指”系统的评论或解说？”，comment为”简短的评 论”。 10:tragedy 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.悲剧；灾难 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：tragic/tedk/(ad.悲剧的：悲惨的) 副词：tragically/ted3kli/(adv.悲惨地) 三、用法与搭配 悲剧（文学戏剧）：Shakespeare's tragedies(莎士比亚的悲剧) 灾难（不幸事件）：The accident was a tragedy.(这场事故是一场灾难。) 常见搭配：tragic death(惨死)：tragedy strikes（悲剧发生) 四、词汇联想 近义词：disaster/dr'za:ste(r)/( 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The sudden change in weather_the growth of crops seriously A)affected B)effect C)effective D)affection 2.My mother can't_people smoking in her office. A)stand B)bear C)tolerate D)overcome 3.With great determination,she finally her fear of speaking in public. A)overcame B)declined C)migrated D)tolerated 4.The number of students in this school has_by 10%in the past five years. A)overcome B)declined C)migrated D)affected 5.The suspect was proved_after new evidence was found. A)innocent B)humble C)tragic D)effective 6.This novel is_,as it is based on the author's real-life experiences. A)migratory B)autobiographical C)humble D)effective 7.Every winter,these birds_from the north to warmer areas in the south A)immigrate B)emigrate C)migrate D)affect 8.Though he is a famous scientist,he remains_about his achievements. A)humble B)innocent C)tragic D)tolerant 9.The professor's_on environmental issues was published in a leading journal. A)comment B)commentary C)migration D)affection 10.The loss of her only child was athat she never fully recovered from. A)tragedy B)disaster C)decline D)humility (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The new policy had a positive_(affect)on the local economy 2.We should learn to be(tolerate)of different cultural backgrounds. 3.Her_(overcome)of shyness surprised everyone around her. 4.The company has reported a sharp(decline)in profits this quarter. 5.The witness insisted on the boy's_(innocent)in court. 6.The_(migrate)of birds is one of the most amazing natural phenomena. 7.He showed great_(humble)when accepting the award. 8.The news report included a detailed(comment)on the current political situation. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The bad news a her deeply,making her cry for hours 2.I have zero t for people who are always late for meetings. 3.With the help of her friends,she othe difficulty and succeeded. 4.Sales have been on the d since the new competitor entered the market. 5.The prisoner was finally proven iand set free. 6.The book is an a account of the author's childhood during the war. 7.Many people mto big cities in search of better job opportunities. 8.Despite his wealth,he lives in ah house and drives an old car. 9.The sports channel provides live c during the football match. 10.The accident was a tthat left three families in great sorrow. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A CA B A BCA B A 2.补全句子答案： 1.effect 2.tolerant 3.overcoming 4.decline 5.innocence 6.migration 7.humility 8.com- mentary 3.首字母填空答案： 1.affected 2.tolerance 3.overcame 4.decline 5.innocent 6.autobiographical 7.migrate 8. humble 9.commentary 10.tragedy 英语词汇复习手册·选修1·Unit4 Literature for Self-Understanding一