Unit 3 Confucius and Today's Society 一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·冀教版·Unit3 ConfuciusandToday'sSociety 一、重点单词详解 1:prophet 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.先知；预言家 二、必记搭配与例句 a prophet(一位先知)：The prophet predicted a flood.(先知预言了一场洪水。) the Prophet(特指宗教中的先知)：the Prophet Muhammad(先知穆罕默德) a false prophet(伪先知)：Beware of false prophets.(要警惕伪先知。) prophet of doom(悲观论者；末世论者)：Don't be such a prophet of doom.(不要这么悲 观。) 、 重点辨析 prophet VS profit:prophet强调预言能力”；profit强调”经济收益”。 例：The prophet predicted a flood.(先知预言了一场洪水。) 例：The company made a big profit..（公司赚了一大笔利润。) 2:comprehension 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：.理解力；领悟能力；阅读理解 二、必记搭配与例句 reading comprehension(阅读理解)：Reading comprehension is an impo1 tant pa1 t of English learning.（阅读理解是英语学习的重要部分。) beyond comprehension(难以理解)：It is beyond comprehension why she refused such a good offer..(难以理解她为什么拒绝这么好的机会。) fail to comprehend（未能理解)：He failed to comprehend the hidden meaning behind her words.(他未能理解她话语中的隐含意思。) 三、重点用法 动词：comprehend/,komprI'hend/（vt.理解；领悟) 形容词：comprehensive/,kpmprI'hensrv/(adj.全面的；综合的) 名词：comprehension（由comprehend+-sion构成) 3:fundamental 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：ad.基本的；基础的；n.[pl.]基本原则 二、必记搭配与例句 be fundamental to..(对…至关重要)：Fresh air is fundamental to health.（新鲜空气对 健康至关重要。) fundamental principles(基本原则)：We must follow the fundamental principles..(我们必 须遵循基本原则。) fundamental changes(根本变化)：The company needs fundamental changes..(公司需要根 本性的变革。) the fundamentals of..(…的基础知识)：the fundamentals of math（数学基础知识) 三、重点用法 副词：fundamentally/fnda'mentali/(adv.根本地；从根本上) 例：The two theories are fundamentally different.(这两个理论根本不同。) 4:clarify 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.阐明；澄清；使清楚 二、必记搭配与例句 clarify sth.(澄清某事)：He clarified his立场.（他阐明了自己的立场。） clarify（变得清晰)：The situation clarified after the meeting.(会议后局势明朗了。) clarify one's meaning(阐明意图)：Please clarify your meaning.(请阐明你的意图。) seek clarification（寻求澄清)：We need to seek clarification on this matter.(我们需要就此 事寻求澄清。) 三、重点用法 名词：clarification/,klaerofi'kern/(n.澄清；说明) 5:disciple 、 核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.门徒；信徒：追随者 二、必记搭配与例句 a disciple of..(…的门徒/追随者)：a disciple of Confucius(f孔子的门徒) the twelve disciples（十二门徒)：the twelve disciples of Jesus(耶稣的十二门徒) 例：As a disciple of Confucius,.Mencius spread his teacher's ideas across ancient China.（作 为孔子的门徒，孟子在古代中国传播了他老师的思想。) 三、重点用法 派生词：discipleship /dr'sarplfip/(n.门徒身份；师徒关系) 6:greedy 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.贪婪的：贪心的：渴望的 二、必记搭配与例句 be greedy for sth.(渴望某物)：He is greedy for wealth.(他贪财。) be greedy to do sth.(渴望做某事)：She is greedy to succeed.(她渴望成功。) eat greedily(狼吞虎咽)：The hungry child ate greedily..(饥饿的孩子狼吞虎咽地吃起来。) 例：The greedy child took all the candies without sharing with others.(这个贪婪的孩子拿 走了所有的糖果，没有和别人分享。) 重点辨析 greedy VS eager:greedy含贬义，强调”过度渴望；eager含褒义，强调”积极渴望。 例：greedy for power(贪权) 例：eager to leamn(渴望学习) 7:humane 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj) 核心义：adj.仁慈的；善良的；人道的 二、必记搭配与例句 humane treatment(人道对待)：Animal rights activists call for humane treatment of laboratory animals.(动物权利活动家呼吁人道对待实验动物。) a humane person(仁慈的人)：He is known as a humane person.(他以仁慈著称。) humane society(动物保护协会；人道主义协会)：The humane society rescued over50 abandoned animals last month.（人道协会上个月救助了50多只被遗弃的动物。) 三、重点辨析 humane VS human:humane仅指”仁慈的；hman可指”人的”或”有人性的”。 例：humane laws(人道的法律) 例：human nature(人性) 8:altogether 一、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.总共；完全地；总而言之 二、必记搭配与例句 表示”总共”：There are50 students altogether.(总共有50名学生。) 表示”完全地：I forgot it altogether.(我彻底忘了。) 表示”总而言之：Altogether,.he trip was a success.（总而言之，这次旅行很成功。) 例：There are30 students in our class altogether,.including five from other cities..(我们班，总 共有30名学生，包括5名来自其他城市的。) 、 重点辨析 altogether VS all together:altogether副词，强调”整体上；总共”；all together形容词短 语，强调”一起；同时”。 例：We sang all together..(我们一起唱歌。) 9:petty 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.小的；琐碎的；心胸狭窄的 。、 必记搭配与例句 petty details(琐碎细节)：Don't waste time on petty details..(不要在琐碎细节上浪费时 间。) petty arguments(小题大做的争论)：Don't waste time on petty arguments,:focus on solving the main problem.(不要浪费时间在小题大做的争论上；专注于解决主要问题。) petty cash(零用钱：小额现金)：Keep this money as petty cash.(把这笔钱当作零用钱。) petty officer(海军士官)：He is a petty of伍cer in the navy.(他是海军的一名士官。) 三、重点辨析 petty VS small:pety含贬义，强调”不重要的；小气的”；small中性，仅指”尺寸小”。 例：petty jealousy(小心眼的嫉妒) 例：a small box(小盒子) 10:analects 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.pl.]文选；论集（尤指《论语》) 、 必记搭配与例句 The Analects(《论语》)：The Analects is a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his followers.(《论语》是孔子及其追随者的言论和思想集。) the analects of a writer(某作家的文选)：the analects of Shakespeare(莎士比亚文选) 例：The Analects are widely read.(《论语》被广泛阅读。) 三、注意事项 单复数同形：虽以”$”结尾，但本身为复数名词。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The old man was respected as a_who could predict future events. A)profit B)prophet C)professor D)program 2.Reading is an important part of English learning for high school students A)comprehension B)comprehensive C)comprehend D)comprehending 3.Fresh air and clean water are_to human survival. A)fundamental B)fundamentally C)fundament D)foundation 4.The manager held a meeting to_the new company policy to all employees A)clarify B)clarification C)clear D)clarity 5.As a_of Confucius,Mencius spread his teacher's ideas across ancient China A)discipline B)disciple C)discoverer D)director 6.The child took all the candies without sharing with others. A)eager B)greedy C)hungry D)thirsty 7.Animal rights activists call for treatment of laboratory animals. A)human B)humanity C)humane D)inhumane 8.There are 30 students in our class_,including five from other cities A)altogether B)all together C)all-together D)altogethers 9.Don't waste time on_arguments,focus on solving the main problem. A)small B)little chem C)petty D)tiny 10.is a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his followers. A)The Analects B)Analects C)Analeptic D)Analysis (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.It is beyond my_()why she refused such a good offer. 2.The government is working on a_(全面的)plan to reduce air pollution. 3.The two theories are_(根本地)different in their basic assumptions. 4.After the meeting,the team sought further()on the project timeline. 5.His_()for power eventually led to his downfall. 6.We should always treat others with()and respect. 7.The_(人道的)society rescued over50 abandoned animals last month. 8.He failed to()the hidden meaning behind her words (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.A pis someone who is believed to have a special ability to predict future events. 2.Reading cexercises can help improve your language skills. 3.The f principles of mathematics are taught in primary school. 4.Could you cyour statement?I'm not sure what you mean. 5.He has been a loyal dof the famous scientist for many years. 6.The millionaire's g for money made him unpopular among his friends. 7.The organization is committed to promoting htreatment of prisoners. 8.A,the trip was enjoyable despite the bad weather. 9.She spent hours arguing about pthings instead of focusing on her work. 10.The a is one of the most important texts in Chinese philosophy. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BAAA B BCAC A 2.补全句子答案： 1.comprehension 2.comprehensive 3.fundamentally 4.clarification 5.greed 6. humanity 7.humane 8.comprehend 3.首字母填空答案： 1.prophet 2.comprehension 3.fundamental 4.clarify 5.disciple 6.greed 7. humane 8.Altogether 9.petty 10.Analects 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit3 Confucius and Today's Society一