Unit 4 Rules Are Rules 一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修4·冀教版·Unit4 RulesAreRules!一 一、 重点单词详解 1:subjective 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.主观的；主语的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：subject(n.主题；主语；v.使服从) 副词：subjectively/sab'd3 ektrvli/(主观地) 名词：subjectivity/,sabd3ek'trvati/（主观性) 反义词：objective/ab'd3 ektrv/(adj.客观的) 三、用法与常见搭配 be subjective about sth.(对某事主观) subjective judgment(主观判断) subjective experience(主观体验) 四、辨析 subjective vs.objective::前者强调个人观点（如subjective opinion),后者强调事实依据 (如objective analysis)。 2:consistent 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.一致的；连续的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：consist(i.由…组成；在于) 动词短语：consist of(由…组成) 名词：consistency/kn'sistensi/(一致性；连贯性) 副词：consistently/kan'sIstentli/(一贯地；始终如一地) 三、用法与常见搭配 be consistent with(与一致) consistent performance(稳定的表现) remain consistent（保持一致) 四、拓展 反义词：inconsistent/inken'srstant//(不一致的) 3:punitive 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.惩罚性的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：pish(v.惩罚) 名词：punishment/.'panIfmant/（惩罚) 副词：punitively /pju:netrvli/(惩罚性地) 三、用法与常见搭配 punitive measures(惩罚性措施)》 punitive damages(惩罚性赔偿) punitive action(惩罚性行为) 四、注意 仅用于形容具有惩罚性质的事物，不直接修饰人。 4:constitution 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.章程；宪法；体质 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：constitute(v.组成；构成) 形容词：constitutional/,kpnstr'tju:∫anl/（宪法的；体质的) 动词短语：be constituted of(由…组成) 三、用法与常见搭配 the Constitution(宪法，特指国家宪法，首字母大写) constitutional rights（宪法权利) physical constitution(体质) 5:liberty core考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.自由：自由权 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：liberal/'lrberel/(自由的；开明的) 动词：liberate/'lrbarert/.(解放；释放) 名词：liberation/,lrba'rer/（解放) 三、用法与常见搭配 individual liberty(个人自由) at liberty(自由的；有空的) take liberties with（对…放肆；随意改动) 四、辨析 liberty vs.freedom:前者强调政治或法律上的自由（如civil liberty),后者泛指抽象自由 freedom of speech). 6:framework 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.结构；机制；框架 、 构词法（合成词） 由fiae(框架)+work（结构)构成，字面意为”框架结构”。 三、用法与常见搭配 theoretical framework(理论框架) legal framework(法律体系) within a framework(在框架内) 四、注意 侧重抽象的”体系”或”结构”，而非具体的”架子”。 7:absence 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.缺乏；缺席 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：absent/ebsant/(缺席的；缺乏的) 副词：absently/'ebsontli/(心不在焉地) 三、用法与常见搭配 in the absence of(缺乏…时) absence from（缺席…) absence of mind（心不在焉) 四、反义词 presence/'prezns/,(在场：存在) 8:injury 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.伤害；损伤 构词法（词性转换） 动词：injure/'nd3a(r)/(伤害；损害) 形容词：injured/nd3ad/(受伤的) 三、用法与常见搭配 suffer an injury(受伤) serious injury（重伤) injury to sth.（对…的伤害，如injury to reputation) 四、辨析 injury vs.ham:前者侧重身体或名誉的具体损伤，后者泛指抽象危害（如do harm to)。 9:bully 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.恐吓：欺凌；n.欺凌者 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：bullying/'bli/(欺凌行为) 形容词：bullying(欺凌的，如bullying behavior) 三、用法与常见搭配 bully sb.into doing sth.(胁迫某人做某事) ant-bullying laws（反欺凌法) school bullying（校园欺凌) 四、注意 作动词时常用被动语态(be bullied)。 10:behave 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.表现；举止得体 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：behavior/bI'hervja(r)/(行为；举止) 形容词：well-behaved(表现好的)；badly-behaved(表现差的) 三、用法与常见搭配 behave oneself(举止得体) behave towards(对…表现出…态度) behave as if(表现得好像…) 四、拓展 派生词：misbehave/mIbr'herv/(v.行为不端) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Her_judgment about the movie was influenced by her personal feelings rather than facts. A)objective B)subjective C)consistent D)punitive 2.The company's performance has been_over the past five years,with steady growth each quarter. A)consistent B)inconsistent C)punitive D)constitutional 3.The court ordered the company to pay_damages for intentionally misleading customers. A)punitive B)subjective C)absent D)bullying 4.The_of a country outlines the basic rights and duties of its citizens. A)framework B)liberty C)constitution D)injury 5.Everyone has the right toof speech and expression under the law. A)injury B)liberty C)absence D)constitution 6.The new policy provides a legal for protecting wildlife in the region. A)constitution B)framework C)bullying D)behavior 7.In the_of evidence,the suspect was released from custody. A)absence B)presence C)injury D)liberty 8.He suffered a serious_to his leg in the car accident and had to stay in hospital. A)harm B)injury C)punishment D)bullying 9.Teachers should take action immediately if they notice signs of in the classroom. A)behave B)bully C)bullying D)injured 10.Children are expected topolitely when visiting relatives. A)behave B)bully C)injure D)constitute (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The decision was made(subjective)based on personal opinions rather than data 2.She has shown great_(consistent)in her work,never missing deadlines. 3.The government announced(punish)measures against tax evasion. 4.Citizens have the right to challenge laws that violate(constitution)principles. 5.The team's(perform)has been consistent this season,winning most matches. 6.He was fined_(punitive)for breaking the environmental regulations repeatedly. 7.The(absent)of rain has led to severe drought in the area. 8.The(injure)to his reputation was more painful than the physical harm. 9.Schools must implement strict policies to prevent(bully)among students. 10.Parents should teach their children how to(behavior)appropriately in public. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The judge's decision was fair and o,not influenced by personal feelings. 2.To maintain trust,it is important to be c in your words and actions 3.The company faced pfines for violating safety standards 4.The country's cwas amended to include new provisions on privacy rights 5.Fighting for L and equality has been a lifelong mission for her. 6.The research project is based on a theoretical f developed by leading scientists 7.In the a of the manager,the assistant will handle all ugent matters. 8.The athlete retired early due to a career-ending ito his knee 9.Cyberbullying is a serious issue,and victims often suffer in s. 10.It is important to teach children to brespectfully towards others. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BAA C B BA BCA 2.补全句子答案： 1.subjectively 2.consistency 3.punitive 4.constitutional 5.performance 6.punitively 7. absence 8.injury 9.bullying 10.behave 3.首字母填空答案： 1.objective 2.consistent 3.punitive 4.constitution 5.liberty 6.framework 7.absence 8.in- jury 9.silence 10.behave 英语词汇复习手册·选修4·冀教版·Unit4 Rules Are Rules!一