Unit 5 Self-Control 二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·冀教版·Unit5Sef-Control.二 一、重点单词详解 1:enhance 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v,提高；增强 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：em-(使…加强) 词根：hance（古英语中表示高”，同high) 名词：enhancement /in'ha:nsment/(n.增强；改善) 形容词：enhanced/m'ha:nst/（adj.增强的：提高的) 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词(enhance) enhance sth.（提高/增强某物) enhance one's reputation/image(提升声誉/形象) enhance the quality/efficiency(提高质量/效率) enhance understanding/communication(增进理解/交流） 名词（enhancement) the enhancement of sth.(某物的增强) software enhancement(软件增强功能) 四、重点辨析 enhance vs.improve:enhance侧重”价值、吸引力等抽象事物的提升”(enhance beauty): improve侧重”质量、效率等具体事物的改进”(improve health)。 五、写作应用 高级句型：Regular exercise not only strengthens the body but also enhances mental well- beig.（规律锻炼不仅强健身体，还能提升心理健康。) 2:plausible 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.可信的；合理的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：plaus-(源自拉丁语plausibilis,意为值得鼓掌的) 副词：plausibly/'plo:zabli/(adv.似真地；合理地) 名词：plausibility/.pl:za'brlati/(n.合理性；可信性) 反义形容词：implausible/m'plb:zabl/(adj.难以置信的) 三、用法与常见搭配 系表结构：be plausible(合理的) It is plausible that..(…是合理的) a plausible explanation/a1 gument(合理的解释/论点) plausible reasons/excuses(看似合理的理由/借口) 四、重点辨析 plausible vs.possible:plausible强调”表面合理，实际未必”(plausible story);possible 仅表示”可能性”(possible solution)。 五、写作应用 高级句型：Although his theory sounds plausible,further evidence is needed to confirm it..（尽 管他的理论看似合理，但仍需更多证据证实。) 3:perception 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.感知：洞察力 一、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：perceive(v.感知；理解) 动词：perceive/p3si:vl(vt.察觉；领悟) 形容词：perceptive/paseptrv/(adj.敏锐的；有洞察力的) 形容词：perceived /pa'si:vd(adj.被感知的；公认的) 名词：perception(由perceive+-ton构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(perceive) perceive sth.sb.(感知某物/某人) perceive..as..(把…看作…) perceive that.（意识到…) 名词(perception) visual/auditory perception(视觉/听觉感知) public perception of sth.(公众对某物的看法) change one's perception(改变某人的看法) 形容词（perceptive) a perceptive comment//analysis(敏锐的评论/分析) 四、拓展用法 固定搭配：beyond perception(超出感知范围) 写作句型：Cultural differences often lead to different perceptions of the same event..(文化 差异常导致对同一事件的不同理解。) 4:guarantee 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)&名词(n.) 核心义：v.&n.保证；担保 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词/名词同形：gua1 antee 形容词：guaranteed./,garon'ti:d/(adj.有保证的；确定的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词（guarantee） guarantee sth.（保证某物) guarantee to do sth.（保证做某事) gua1 antee that.（保证…) guarantee sb.against//from sth.（保证某人不受某物损害) 名词(guarantee) give/provide a guarantee(提供保证) nder guarantee(在保修期内) a1 honey-back guarantee(退款保证) 四、重点辨析 gua1 antee vs.ensure:guarantee侧重”承诺承担后果”(guarantee quality);ensure侧重” 采取措施确保？(ensure safety)。 五、写作应用 高级句型：The company guarantees to deliver the goods within three days,or customers can claim a full refund..(公司承诺3天内送货，否则顾客可全额退款。) 5:burden 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)&动词(v.) 核心义：n.负担v.加重负担 、 构词法（词性转换） 动词/名词同形：burden 形容词：burdensome/'b3:dnsom/(adj.繁重的；累赘的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词(burden) a heavy burden(沉重的负担) the burden of sth.(某物的负担) relieve/reduce the burden(减轻负担) bear/carry the burden(承担负担) 动词(burden) burden sb.with sth.(使某人负担某物) be burdened with debt/stress(背负债务/压力) 四、重点辨析 burden vs..load:burden侧重”精神或情感负担”(burden of guilt);load侧重”物理负荷 (1 oad of books)。 五、写作应用 高级句型：Excessive homework burdens students and leaves them little time for extracurric- ular activities.(过多作业加重学生负担，使他们几乎没时间参加课外活动。) 6:appropriate 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.恰当的；合适的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：appropriate /a'praupriert/,(vt.挪用；拨款)（注意发音不同） 副词：appropriately/A'praupriatli/(adv.适当地) 名词：appropriateness/a'praupriatnas/(n.适当；适合) 反义词：inappropriate/,ma'praupriat/(adj.不恰当的) 三、用法与常见搭配 系表结构：be appropriate for/to sth.(适合某物) It is appropriate that..（…是恰当的) appropriate behavior/language（恰当的行为/语言) at an appropriate time(在适当的时候) 动词(appropriate) appropriate funds for sth.（为某物拨款) 四、重点辨析 appropriate vs.proper:appropriate强调”场合适用性”（appropriate dress for wedding); proper强调”符合规范”(proper manners)。 五、写作应用 高级句型：It is appropriate to use formal language in academic writing.(学术写作中使用 正式语言是恰当的。) 7:optimistic 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.乐观的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：optimism(n.乐观主义) 名词：optimist/'pptmist/(n.乐观主义者) 名词：optimism/optmizam/(n.乐观) 副词：optimistically/,Dpt'mIstrkli(adv.乐观地) 反义词：pessimistic/,pesr'mIstrk/(adj.悲观的) 三、用法与常见搭配 系表结构：be optimistic about（对…乐观) an optimistic attitude/outlook(乐观的态度/前景) remain optimistic（保持乐观) optimistic predictions（乐观的预测) 四、搭配拓展 It is optimistic to expect.（期待…是乐观的) optimistic estimates(乐观的估计) 五、写作应用 高级句型：Despite the challenges,experts remain optimistic about the future of renewable energy..(尽管面临挑战，专家们对可再生能源的前景仍持乐观态度。) 8:urgent 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.紧急的；迫切的 构词法（词性转换） 词根：ge(v.催促；极力主张) 动词：uge3:d3/（vt.催促；强烈要求) 名词：urgency/3:d3onsi/ 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Regular exercise can not only strengthen our bodies but also_our mental health A)enhance B)improve C)raise D)lift 2.The explanation he gave for being late sounded_,but no one really believed him A)possible B)plausible C)certain D)reliable 3.Cultural differences often lead to different_of the same social behavior. A)perceptions B)opinions C)views D)ideas 4.The company_that all products will be delivered within five working days A)ensures B)guarantees C)promises D)assures 5.Heavy study pressure has become a greatfor many high school students. A)load B)burden C)weight D)stress 6.It is to wear formal clothes at a job interview to make a good impression A)proper B)suitable C)appropriate D)correct 7.Despite the economic difficulties,most people remain_about the future of their country. A)optimistic B)positive C)hopeful D)confident 8.The doctor said that the patient's condition was_and required immediate treatment. A)urgent B)hasty C)quick D)rapid 9.The new technology has greatly the efficiency of the production line. A)increased B)enhanced C)advanced D)lifted 10.Parents should avoid their children with too many after-school classes. A)loading B)burdening C)pressing D)forcing (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The(enhance)of public transportation will reduce traffic congestion. 2.It is(plausibility)that the ancient city was destroyed by a natural disaster. 3.Her_(perceive)of colors is much more sensitive than the average person. 4.This product comes with a two-year(guarantee). 5.The project was delayed due to the-(burdensome)paperwork required by the govern- ment. 6.The teacher praised him for his_(appropriate)use of examples in the essay. 7.The team's(optimism)was based on their recent success in the competition. 8.The manager emphasized the(urgent)of solving the problem before the deadline. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Reading widely can_your vocabulary and improve your writing skills. 2.The suspect provided astory about his whereabouts on the night of the crime 3.The artist's work challenges the viewer's_of reality and imagination. 4.The store offers a money-back if customers are not satisfied with their purchase. 5.Caring for elderly parents can be a heavy for middle-aged adults 6.It is important to choose a gift that is for the occasion and the recipient. 7.Even in difficult times,maintaining anattitude can help you overcome challenges 8.The red light on the machine indicates ansituation that needs attention. 9.The company's new policy aims to_the burden on employees by simplifying procedures. 10.The success of the event_on the cooperation of all team members. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A BA BB CAA BB 2.补全句子答案： 1.enhancement 2.plausible 3.perception 4.guarantee 5.burdensome 6.appropriate 7.opti- mism 8.urgency 3.首字母填空答案： 1.enhance 2.plausible 3.perception 4.guarantee 5.burden 6.appropriate 7.optimistic 8. urgent 9.reduce 10.depends 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·冀教版·Unit5 Self-Control二