Unit 5 Animals Around Us 一-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 必修3·冀教版·Unit5 AnimalsAroundUs-一 一、 重点单词详解 1:extinction 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.(植物、动物、生活方式等的)灭绝，绝种 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：extinct/k'stkt/(adj.灭绝的；熄灭的) 动词短语：die out(灭绝，消失，与extinction语义相近) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：lead to extinction(导致灭绝)；prevent extinction(防止灭绝)；face extinction (面临灭绝) 介词搭配：the extinction of..(…的灭绝) 四、拓展用法 形近词辨析：extinct(adj.已灭绝的)vs.extinction(n.灭绝)；例句：Many species have gone extinct,and their extinction is a great loss to the world 常见语境应用：Environmental pollution and habitat destruction have caused the extinction of many rare animals. 2:fascinate 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.使入迷；迷住 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：fascinating/faesinertr/(adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的)；fascinated/faesmertd/ (adj.入迷的；被迷住的) 名词：fascination/fesr'nern/(n.入迷；魅力) 三、 用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：fascinate sb.(使某人入迷)；be fascinated by/with(对…入迷)；have a fascination for（对…有强烈兴趣) 「四、重点辨析 fascinating(修饰物，表示”令人着迷的”)vs.fascinated（修饰人，表示”感到着迷的)； 例句：The fascinating story fascinated all the children. 3:differ 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.相异；有区别 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：difference/drfrans/(n.差别；差异) 形容词：different/difrent/(adj.不同的；有差异的) 副词：differently/'drfrentli/(adv.不同地；有差别地) 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：differ from.…（与…不同)；differ in..（在…方面不同)；agree to differ (同意各自保留不同意见) 四、重点辨析 differ from vs.be different from;两者意思相近，differ是动词，be different from中 different是形容词；例句：American English differs from British English in some spelling and pronunciation.=American English is different from British English in some spelling and pronunciation. 4:specific 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.特定的；明确的 构词法（词性转换） 副词：specifically/sp'sfli/(adv.特定地；明确地) 名词：specificity/.spesI'fiseti/(n.特异性；特殊性) 动词：specify/'spesifar/(v.明确说明；具体指定) 三、 用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：specific about..(对…明确的)；specific to.（特定于…的)；a specific case(特定情况)；specific instructions（明确指示) 四、重点辨析 specific vs..particular;specific强调”具体的、特定的”，指针对某一事物的具体细节； particular强调”个别的、特殊的”，常与about连用表示”对…挑剔的；例句：Ineed specific information about this project.She is very particular about her clothes 5:destroy 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.毁坏；摧毀 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：destruction/dr'strakfn/(n.破坏；毁灭) 形容词：destructive/dI'straktrv/(ad山j.破坏性的；毁灭性的) 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：destroy sth.(毁坏某物)；be destroyed by(被…毁坏)；destroy one's hope (摧毁某人的希望) 「四、重点辨析 destroy vs.damage vs.in;destroy强调彻底破坏，无法修复；damage指部分损坏，可 修复；uin强调逐渐破坏，导致某物失去价值或用处；例句：The fire destroyed the whole building.The storm damaged several houses.Bad habits ruined his health. 6:habitat “、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：.栖息地；（动植物的）生活环境 构词法（相关词汇） 与habit(n.习惯)同源，原指”居住的地方”，后专指动植物的栖息地 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：natural habitat（自然栖息地)；lose habitat（失去栖息地)；destroy habitat(破 坏栖息地)；habitat loss(栖息地丧失) 四、常见语境应用 Human activities such as deforestation have led to the loss of many animals'natural habitat. 7:previous 核心考点 词性：形容词（adj) 核心义：ad.先前的：以往的 、 构词法（词性转换） 副词：previously/pi:viasli/(adv.先前；以前) 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：previous to.(在…之前)；previous experience（先前的经验)：the previous day(前一天) 四、重点辨析 previous vs.former;previous指时间上”先前的、之前的”；former指两者中前者的”，常 与latter(后者)相对；例句：I had met him on a previous occasion.He lived in the former house,not the latter one. 8:nowhere ·、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.无处；哪里都不 二、构词法（构成特点） 由no+where构成，属于合成副词 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：nowhere to g0(无处可去)；nowhere near(远不及；根本不)；be nowhere(一 无进展：不成功) 四、倒装用法 nowhere置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装；例句：Nowhere else can you find such beautiful scenery. 五、重点辨析 nowhere vs.anywhere;nowhere表示否定意义”无处”，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句 或条件句中，表示'任何地方；例句：I have nowhere to put these books.Do you have anywhere to go this weekend? 9:power 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.力量；能力；权利 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：powerful/'paaf/(adj.强大的；有力的) 动词：empower /im'paa(r)/(v.授权；使有能力) 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：have the power to do sth.(有能力做某事)：come into power(掌权；执政)；in power(当权的；在朝的)；power station(发电站)；mental power(智力) 四、词义辨析 power(泛指各种力量、能力、权力)vs.strength(指体力、力量)vs.force(指武力、 暴力、自然力)；例句：Knowledge is power.He has the strength to lift the heavy box.The force of the wind broke the windows. 10:bounce 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.(使)弹起，弹跳；n.弹跳；反弹 三、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：bouncy/'baunsi/(adj.有弹性的；弹跳的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：bounce back(反弹；恢复)；bounce off(弹开；从…反弹)；bounce a ball (拍球) 名词搭配：a bounce of the ball(球的一次弹跳) 四、常见语境应用 The ball bounced off the wall and hit the ground.After the failure,he tried his best to bounce back. 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Human activities have led to the_of many endangered species A)extinct B)extinction C)extinguish D)extinctionary 2.The children were by the magician's amazing tricks. A)fascinating B)fascination C)fascinated D)fascinate 3.Chinese culture greatly from Western culture in values and traditions. A)differs B)different C)difference D)differently 4.Could you give me instructions on how to operate this machine? A)specifically B)specify C)specific D)specificity 5.The earthquake hundreds of houses in the small town. A)destruction B)destroyed C)destructive D)destruct 6.Pandas are losing their natural due to deforestation. A)habit B)habitat C)inhabit D)habitual 7.I met her_week,not yesterday. A)previous B)formerly C)ago D)previous to 8.else in the world can you enjoy such beautiful sunsets as here. A)Anywhere B)Somewhere C)Nowhere D)Everywhere 9.Knowledge is a powerful_that can change people's lives. A)strength B)force C)power D)energy 10.The ball_off the wall and landed in the river. A)bounced B)bounce C)bouncy D)bouncing (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The documentary about deep-sea creatures is truly_(fascinate adj.) 2.There are many_(differ n.)between American and British English 3.The teacher asked us to express our ideas_(specific adv.) 4.The_(destroy n.)caused by the flood was beyond imagination. 5.She has a_(fascinate n.)for ancient Egyptian history. 6.This new policy will(power adj.)local communities to make decisions. 7.We need to take action to prevent the(extinct n.)of these rare birds. 8.He explained the rules(different adv.)to each group (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years,so their e is a well-known fact. 2.The little girl was f by the colorful butterflies in the garden. 3.Cats and dogs d in their eating habits and behavior. 4.Please provide sexamples to support your argument. 5.The storm was so strong that it d the entire village. 6.Protecting the natural hof wild animals is crucial for their survival. 7.In pyears,more and more people have started to care about environmental issues. 8.He felt lonely and had n to turn for help. 9.Wind and solar energy are clean sources of p- 10.The tennis ball continued to bon the court after being hit. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B C A C BB A CC A 解析1（第1题）： 考查extinction的固定用法。extinction是名词，表示”灭绝”，符合句意”人类活动导致 了许多濒危物种的灭绝”；extinct是形容词，extinguish是动词，extinctionary是形容词， 均不符合语法要求，故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查fascinate的用法。be fascinated by表示”被…迷住”，符合句意”孩子们被魔术师 惊人的魔术迷住了”；fascinating修饰物，fascination是名词，fascinate是动词原形，均 不符合语法要求，故选C。 解析3（第3题）： 考查differ的用法。differ from表示”与…不同”，符合句意”中国文化在价值观和传 统上与西方文化有很大不同”；different是形容词，difference是名词，differently是副词， 均不符合语法要求，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.fascinating 2.differences 3.specifically 4.destruction 5.fascination 6.empower 7.extinc- tion 8.differently 3.首字母填空答案： 1.extinction 2.fascinated 3.differ 4.specific 5.destroyed 6.habitat 7.previous 8.nowhere 9.power 10.bounce 英语词汇复习手册·必修3·Unit5 Animals Around Us一