Unit 4 The Rise of Bioengineering一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·冀教版·Unit4 TheRiseof Bioengineering “、 重点单词详解 1:phenomenon 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.现象；杰出的人 二、构词法（词性转换） 复数形式：phenomena/f'npmina/(特殊变化，非直接加-s) 形容词：phenomenal/f'npmml/(adj.现象的；非凡的) 三、必记搭配与例句 名词短语：natural phenomenon（自然现象) social phenomenon（社会现象) a phenomenon of nature(自然现象) 形容词(phenomenal)phenomenal success/growth(非凡的成功/增长) 、四、重点辨析 phenomenon vs.event:phenomenon侧重”反复出现的现象，event侧重”具体事件 例：Global warming is a serious phenomenon.(全球变暖是一个严重现象。) 2:convince 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.使信服；使确信 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：convincing /kan'VInSH)/(adj.有说服力的) 形容词：convinced /ken'vnst/(adj.确信的；信服的) 名词：conviction /ken'vkn/(n.确信；定罪) 三、必记搭配与例句 convince sb.ofsth.（使某人相信某事) convince sb.to do sth.(说服某人做某事) convince sb.that.(使某人相信…) 形容词(convinced)be convinced of sth.(确信某事) be convinced that...(（确信…) 例：I'm convinced of his honesty.(我确信他的诚实。) 形容词(convincing)a convincing argument//explanation(有说服力的论点/解释) 四、重点辨析 convince vs..persuade:convince侧重”逻辑上使人信服”，persuade侧重”成功说服行动？ He convinced me of his innocence,so I persuaded him to testify. 3:urgent 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（ad山j.) 核心义：adj.紧急的；紧迫的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：ge3:d3/(v.催促；强烈要求) 名词：ugency/'3:d3nsi/（n.紧急；紧迫性) 三、必记搭配与例句 It is urgent that..（…是紧急的，从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略) 例：It is urgent that we take action.(我们必须立即采取行动。) urgent need/matter(紧急需求/事情) gent message/cal(紧急消息/电话) 动词(uge)gesb.to do sth.（催促某人做某事) urge that..(强烈要求…，从句用虚拟语气) 名词(nrgency)with urgency(紧急地) sense of urgency(紧迫感) 四、拓展 urgently/'3:d3ntli/(adv.紧急地) 例：Please reply urgently.(请紧急▣复。) 4:maximum 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.最多的；最大极限的n.最大值；最大量 二、构词法（词性转换） 反义词：minimum/'mmrmom/(adj.最小的n.最小值) 副词：maximally/'maeksrmeli/(adv.最大程度地) 三、必记搭配与例句 形容词maximum speed/temperature（最高速度/温度) maximum effort(最大努力) 名词reach/achieve the maximum(达到最大值) minimum and maximum(最小值和最大值) 四、重点辨析 maximum vs.most:maximum修饰名词表”物理极限”，most表”数量上的最多， 例：The maximum speed is120km/h.(最高速度为120公里/小时。) Most students passed the exam.(大多数学生通过了考试。) 5:threaten 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.威胁；恐吓；预示（危险） 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：threat./ret(n.威胁；恐吓) 形容词：threatening/retr四/(adj.威胁性的；危险的) 、 必记搭配与例句 threaten to do sth.（威胁要做某事；预示要发生某事) 例：He threatened to leave.(他威胁要离开。) Dark clouds threatened rain.(乌云预示要下雨。) threaten sb.with sth.(用某物威胁某人) 例：The robber threatened him with a knife.（劫匪用刀威胁他。) 名词(threat)pose a threat to（对…构成威胁) security threat(安全威胁) under threat(受到威胁) 四、拓展 threateningly/'retninli/(adv.威胁地) 6:collapse 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.&n.崩溃：倒塌：瓦解 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：collapsible/ka'laepsabl/(adj.可折叠的：易倒塌的) 三、必记搭配与例句 动词collapse into tears(突然大哭) collapse under pressure(在压力下崩溃) The bridge collapsed.(桥倒塌了。) 名词economic collapse(经济崩溃) mental collapse（精神崩溃) the collapse of the government(政府垮台) 四、重点辨析 collapse vs.fall:collapse侧重”结构或系统的倒塌/崩溃”，fall侧重”物体从高处落下 例：The building collapsed after the earthquake..(地震后大楼倒塌了。) Leaves fall in autumn.(树叶在秋天落下。) 7:massive 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.巨大的；非常严重的 、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：mass /maes/(n.团；块；大量；群众) 副词：massively/'maesrvli/(adv.大量地；严重地) 三、必记搭配与例句 massive damage/loss(巨大的损失/损害) massive effort/project(大型努力/项目) massive support(大量支持) 名词(mass)a mass of/masses of（大量的，修饰可数或不可数名词) 例：There is a mass of information online.（网上有大量信息。) 四、重点辨析 massive vs.huge:massive侧重”体积、数量或程度的庞大，huge侧重”尺寸或数量的 巨大” 例：The elephant has a massive body.(大象有庞大的身躯。) A huge crowd gathered.(一大群人聚集起来。) 8:species 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.物种：种 二、构词法（词性转换） 单复数同形：species(单数=复数) 形容词：specific/spa'srfik/(adj.特定的；具体的) 名词：specimen/'spesmman/(n.标本；样本) 三、必记搭配与例句 endangered species(濒危物种) species of animal/plant（动物/植物物种) a species of..(一种…，后接名词) 例：This is a rare species of butterfly.(这是一种稀有蝴蝶物种。) 四、注意事项 ”a species of计名词？中，谓语动词与species保持一致（单数） 例：A species of tiger is endangered.(一种老虎濒临灭绝。) ”species of+名词”表复数时，谓语动词用复数 例：Many species of birds are migrating.(许多鸟类物种正在迁徙。) 9:ruin 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n) 核心义：v&n.毁坏；破坏；废墟 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：uined/u:md/(ad山j.毁坏的；破产的) 、三、必记搭配与例句 动词nin sth.(毁坏某物) tuin one's hopes/health(毁掉某人的希望/健康) be ruined by..（被…毁掉) 名词in ruins(成为废墟) fall into ruin(沦为废墟) the ruins of the castle(城堡废墟) 四、重点辨析 ruin vs.destroy vs.damage: in侧重逐渐毁坏，无法修复”，destroy侧重'彻底摧毁”，damage侧重部分损坏可 修复 例：The storm ruined the crops..(暴风雨毁掉了庄稼) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Global warming is a serious_that affects the entire planet. A)event B)phenomenon C)incident D)accident 2.The teacher tried to the students of the importance of learning English. A)convince B)persuade C)suggest D)advise 3.It is urgent that we immediate action to solve the problem. A)take B)took C)will take D)have taken 4.The sign on the highway shows the-speed is 120 km/h. A)most B)maximum C)major D)minimum 5.Dark clouds are gathering,heavy rain later today. A)threatening B)promising C)allowing D)expecting 6.The old buildingafter the strong earthquake last night. A)fell B)collapsed C)dropped D)sank 7.The company suffered losses due to poor management. A)huge B)massive C)large D)great 8.Manyof plants and animals are in danger of extinction. A)species B)kinds C)types D)sorts 9.The heavy rain all the crops in the field. A)damaged B)destroyed C)ruined D)injured 10.The government is taking measures to protectspecies from disappearing. A)dangerous B)endangered C)harmful D)threatening (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The(phenomenon)of online shopping has changed people's lifestyles. 2.She gave a(convince)explanation for being late. 3.We must act with(urgent)to save the injured workers. 4.The team made_(mass)efforts to complete the project on time 5.The storm left the village in(ruin). 6.The _(threat)look on his face made her feel nervous. 7.The bridge is_(collapse)and needs to be rebuilt immediately. 8.This rare(specimen)of butterfly was found in the forest 9.He spoke(urgent)about the need for environmental protection. 10.The company's_(grow)has been phenomenal in recent years. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Natural p like earthquakes and volcanoes are difficult to predict. 2.I am cthat our team will win the competition. 3.The doctor said it was u to send the patient to the hospital at once. 4.The maximum temperature in summer here can r40C. 5.The robber t to kill the hostages ifhis demands were not met. 6.The old tower cduring the storm,causing two deaths. 7.The project requires a m amount of money and time. 8.This area is home to many endangered s_of birds. 9.Years of neglect left the ancient temple in r. 10.The CEO urged all employees to work with a sense of u. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BA A B A BB AC B 2.补全句子答案： 1.phenomena 2.convincing 3.urgency 4.massive 5.ruins 6.threatening 7.collapsing 8. specimen 9.urgently 10.growth 3.首字母填空答案： 1.phenomena 2.convinced 3.urgent 4.reach 5.threatened 6.collapsed 7.massive 8. species 9.ruins 10.urgency 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit4 The Rise of Bioengineering一