第04讲 八年级下册Unit 2 Stay Healthy语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材人教版

第04讲 八年级下册Unit 2 Stay Healthy语法、写作篇 （寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法1（情态动词should和could的用法）  知识点1. should的用法 should作情态动词,有实际的词义,但它不可单独作谓语,须与动词原形连用,没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是should not,可缩写为shouldn’t；变为一般疑问句时,should提到主语之前。它的用法如下： （1）表示提出或征询建议，意为“应该”。 I think you should save some money for your father’s birthday. 我认为你应该为你父亲的生日攒些钱。 （2）表示责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”。 We should follow the rules in public. 在公共场合我们应该遵守规则。 （3）表示推测，意为“照理说，应该”，语气弱于must“一定”(表示推测)。 Don’t worry. Kate should arrive soon. 别担心。凯特应该很快就到了。 知识点2. could的用法 情态动词could本身不能作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。用法如下： （1）could用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。 You could ask your doctor for a check-up. 你可以请医生做个检查。 （2）句型“Could you (please)...?”常用于委婉地请求某人做某事，其后通常接动词原形，此时其肯定回答和否定回答都不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, I can./Sure./Of course./No problem./...  否定回答：Sorry, I’m afraid not./I’m sorry, I can’t. /I’m sorry, but.../Of course not. —Could you lend your computer to me? 你可以把你的电脑借给我吗? —Certainly. 当然可以。/Sorry, I’m afraid not. 对不起，恐怕不行。 （3）句型“Could I do...?”常用于委婉地请求许可，答语中用can，而不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, you can./Certainly./Sure. 否定回答：No, you can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看看你的新手表吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。/No, you can’t. 不，不行。 随堂训练 1．—What ________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me? —You ________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts. A．needn’t; should B．could; shouldn’t C．can; can’t D．should; can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当我的父母不同意我的想法时，我应该做什么？——你可以和他们谈谈，让他们知道你的想法。 考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不需要；should应该；could能；shouldn’t不应该；can能，可以；can’t不能。根据“What...I do when my parents don’t agree with me”可知，第一个空用于询问建议，应选用表示建议的情态动词；根据“talk with them and let them know your thoughts.”可知，第二个空用于给出建议，应选用表示建议或可能性的情态动词，结合选项可知，选项D符合语境。故选D。 2．You ________ drink warm water and have a good rest if you have a cold, or you’ll feel worse. A．should B．had better not C．mustn’t D．can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你感冒了，你应该喝温水和好好休息，否则你会感觉更糟。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该；had better not最好不要做；mustn’t禁止；can可以。根据“or you’ll feel worse”可知，这里表示你应该喝温水和好好休息，因此应选用表示建议的“should”。故选A。 3．—Miss Fang, how can I speak good English? —I think you ________ practise speaking it every day. A．wouldn’t B．shouldn’t C．should D．would 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——方老师，我怎样才能说好英语？——我认为你应该每天练习说英语。 考查情态动词的用法。wouldn’t不会；shouldn’t不应该；should应该；would会。根据“I think you...practise speaking it every day.”可知，回答是给予建议，应使用肯定的建议“should”，故选C。 4．Yes, Jasmine. First, you ________ always focus on what the teacher says in class. Take notes when you need to. A．may B．may not C．should D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：是的，贾斯敏。首先，你应该总是专注于老师在课堂上说的话。需要的时候做笔记。 考查情态动词辨析。may可以；may not不可以；should应该；shouldn’t不应该。根据“you...always focus on what the teacher says in class. Take notes when you need to.”可知，应该专注于老师在课堂上说的内容，需要的时候做笔记，所以此处表示建议，应用should。故选C。 5．Sweetie, your room looks like a bomb went off in here! You ________ tidy it up right now. A．may B．can C．should D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意： 宝贝，你的房间看起来像被炸弹炸过一样！你应该立刻把它收拾干净。 考查情态动词辨析。may可以，表许可；can能，表能力；should应该，表建议或义务；need需要，表必要性。根据前文房间杂乱的描述，这里是表达“应该”整理房间，“should”符合语境，表达出合理的建议。故选C。 6．Mom, I want to borrow Lucy’s storybook. ______ you help me ask her tomorrow? A．Must B．Could C．Should D．Might 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妈妈，我想借露西的故事书。你明天可以帮我问她吗？ 考查情态动词辨析。Must必须；Could可以；Should应该；Might可能。根据“... you help me ask her tomorrow?”可知，此句表示请求帮助，用Could表示礼貌的请求，符合日常交际习惯；“Could you do sth”表示“你可以做某事吗”。故选B。 7．________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work. A．Could B．Must C．Need D．Might 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能把电视音量调低一些吗？我正在工作。 考查情态动词辨析。Could可以（表示礼貌请求）；Must必须；Need需要；Might可能。根据“please”和“I’m trying to work”可知，此处是礼貌地提出请求，应用Could。故选A。 8．—________ I hang out with my friends after dinner, Mum? —Sure. Remember to go back home before 9:00. A．Must B．Could C．Need D．Should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，晚饭后我可以和朋友们出去玩吗？——当然。记得在9点前回家。 考查情态动词辨析。Must必须，表示强制要求；Could可以，表示请求；Need需要，强调必要性；Should应该，表示建议或义务。根据“...I hang out with my friends after dinner, Mum?”和“Sure.”可知，孩子是在请求许可（请求妈妈同意出去玩），因此需用“Could”表达礼貌的请求。故选B。 9．—________ you please play tennis with me after school? —Sorry, I ________. I have much homework ________ today. A． Could; can’t; to do B．Could; couldn’t; will do C．Can; don’t; do D．Can; couldn’t; to do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——放学后你能和我一起打网球吗？——对不起，我不能。我今天有很多作业要做。 考查情态动词和动词不定式。根据“...you please play tennis with me after school?”可知，第一空是委婉请求，用Could；根据“Sorry”可知，第二空是对当前问题的否定回答，要用一般现在时，表示“不能”，用can’t；第三空是不定式作后置定语，修饰名词homework，用to do。故选A。 10．________ you please help to clean the rooms after supper? I have other things to do. A．Might B．Should C．Could D．Must 【答案】C 【详解】句意：晚饭后你能帮忙打扫一下房间吗？我还有其他事情要做。 考查情态动词辨析。Might也许，可能，表示推测或可能性较小；Should应该，用于提出建议、责任或义务等；Could能，可以，常用于表示请求许可或能力，语气比较委婉；Must必须，侧重于表达必要性和义务。结合语境，这里是向对方委婉地提出帮忙打扫房间的请求，用Could更合适。故选C。 语法2（反身代词） 知识点1. 反身代词的变化 反身代词由人称代词的宾格形式或形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成，有人称和数的变化。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数myself 我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己 知识点2. 反身代词的用法 （1）作动词或介词的宾语 My brother can’t dress himself. 我弟弟不能自己穿衣服。(作动词的宾语) The old man lives by himself in the countryside. 这个老人一个人生活在乡下。（作介词的宾语） （2）作主语或宾语的同位语 此时表示强调，反身代词要重读。反身代词强调主语时，位置比较灵活。反身代词强调宾语时，应放在宾语之后。 I myself will present the prizes./I will present the prizes myself. 我本人将颁发奖品。(作主语的同位语) You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。(作宾语的同位语) （3）作表语 反身代词放在be、feel、look、seem等系动词之后作表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。 I’m not feeling myself today. I think I may have a cold. 今天我感觉不适。我想我可能感冒了。 知识点3. 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 1．—Wow, Mr Wu can play the piano very well. —Yes. He enjoys teaching ________ to play the piano at the weekend. A．himself B．myself C．ourselves D．herself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——哇，吴老师钢琴弹得真好。——是的。他喜欢在周末自学弹钢琴。 考查反身代词辨析。himself他自己；myself我自己；ourselves我们自己；herself她自己。根据“He”结合上文“吴老师钢琴弹得很好”可知，此处应表示吴老师自学弹钢琴，即“教他自己”，主语He对应的反身代词为himself。故选A。 2．Boys, you should learn to teach ________ to make improvements. A．yourselves B．yourself C．myself D．ourselves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：男孩们，你们应该学会教自己来取得进步。 考查反身代词辨析。yourselves你们自己；yourself你自己；myself我自己；ourselves我们自己。根据主语“Boys”以及“you”可知，此处反身代词需与主语在人称和数上保持一致，因此用复数形式“yourselves”。故选A。 3．—What are you doing, Jack? —I didn’t have breakfast. I’m making a sandwich for ________. A．my B．myself C．you D．yourself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在做什么，杰克？——我没吃早餐。我正在给自己做一个三明治。 考查代词辨析。my我的；myself我自己；you你；yourself你自己。根据“I didn’t have breakfast”可知，动作主语是“I”（Jack），宾语与主语一致，表示为自己做三明治，需使用反身代词myself。故选B。 4．A man should be strict with _____, but be friendly to others. A．myself B．yourself C．oneself D．himself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一个人应该对自己严格，但对他人友好。 考查反身代词的用法。myself我自己；yourself你自己；oneself自己；himself他自己。由于主语“a man”为第三人称单数男性，需用相应的反身代词，故选D。 5．—What did you think of the new lesson yesterday? —The course ________ was meaningful, but I felt ________ because yesterday’s lesson was too long. A．itself; boring B．himself; bored C．itself; bored D．himself; boring 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得昨天的新课怎么样？——课程本身很有意义，但我感到无聊，因为昨天的课太长了。 考查反身代词和形容词辨析。itself它自己；himself他自己；boring无聊的；bored无聊的。根据“The course...was meaningful”可知，第一个空指代“the course”，为物，需用反身代词“itself”；第二个空描述“I”的感受，系动词felt后接“-ed”形容词bored表示“感到无聊”，而boring 单元写作 本单元的主题是“保持健康”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇和表达,谈论健康问题、提供建议。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①描述健康问题与身体状况;②针对不适症状给出合理建议;③分析日常生活中的安全隐患,并讨论预防措施。 在中考书面表达中与此主题相关的命题形式较为多样,例如通过撰写建议信、演讲稿等向同龄人发出倡议,内容需列举具体防护措施,并表达共同守护健康的期望,体现实用性与号召力。 1.写作实例 假设你是李华,最近有许多人感染了甲型流感病毒 (influenza A virus)。请你根据以下表格中的提示,以“How to prevent the influenza A virus”为题,谈谈我们应该怎样预防甲 型流感病毒。 How to prevent the influenza A virus wash our hands often do some sports, such as... wear masks (口罩) eat healthy food and drink more water 要求:1.参考提示内容,可适当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4.词数不少于80。(开头已给出,但不计入总词数) How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? 2.审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:一般现在时    3.人称:以第二、三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①wash them often with soap 经常用肥皂洗它们     ②stop the virus from spreading 阻止病毒传播　 ③do sports regularly 定期运动　 ④avoid crowded places 避免去拥挤的地方 ⑤It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. 对我们来说, 采取措施保持健康很重要。 ⑥In short, small habits make a big difference. 总之,小习惯会产生大的影响。 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. First, keep hands clean. Wash them often with soap, especially before eating and after touching public things. Second, wear masks in busy places. They can help stop the virus from spreading. Also, do sports regularly, like walking or playing basketball, to make our bodies strong. Eating healthy food like fruits and vegetables, and drinking more water are good too. Try not to stay close to people who are sick, and avoid crowded places when possible. In short, small habits make a big difference. Following these tips can protect us and others. Let's take care of ourselves and stay away from the virus. 一、单项选择 1．—My parents are always busy with their work. Sometimes I have to cook by myself. —Oh, dear. You ________ be careful when cooking. A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的父母总是忙于工作，有时我得自己做饭。——哦，亲爱的，你做饭时应该小心。 考查情态动词的用法。can能够；can’t不能；should应该；shouldn’t不应该。根据 “be careful when cooking” 可知，做饭时应小心，这是表示建议，用情态动词should。故选C。 2．Parents ________ spend more time with their children rather than just be busy with work. A．should B．may C．should not D．may not 【答案】A 【详解】句意：父母应该花更多时间陪伴孩子，而不是仅仅忙于工作。 考查情态动词。should应该；may可能；should not不应该；may not可能不。根据“Parents ... spend more time with their children”可知，是指父母应该花更多时间陪伴孩子。故选A。 3．The instructions are very important. You ________ begin using it without reading them. A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．may not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些说明非常重要，你不应该不阅读它们就开始使用它。 考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不需要；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；may not不可以。根据“The instructions are very important.”可知，说明很重要，所以不应该不阅读说明就使用。故选C。 4．If you want to get along with your classmates, you ________ shout at them. A．needn’t B．can’t C．may not D．shouldn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你想和你的同学相处得好，你不应该对他们大喊大叫。 考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必；can’t不能；may not可能不；shouldn’t不应该。根据“get along with your classmates”的语境，此处强调“不应该做某事”以维持良好关系。故选D。 5．You ________ listen to your teacher carefully in class. A．can B．should C．may D．mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该在课堂上认真听老师讲课。 考查情态动词的用法。can能够；should应该；may可能；mustn’t禁止。根据“listen to your teacher carefully in class”可知，此处建议学生在课堂上认真听老师讲课。表示建议，应用should。故选B。 6．—Jim, ________I use your computer? —Yes, of course you ________. A．could; could B．could；can C．can; must D．can; should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——吉姆，我可以用你的电脑吗？——可以，你当然可以。 考查情态动词的用法。第一空用于请求许可，“could”在这里是“can”的委婉语气；第二空根据“of course”可知是明确允许，用“can”，表示“能够、可以”。 故选B。   7．—________ I borrow your dictionary? —Sorry, I’m afraid you ________ because I’m using it. A．Could; can B．Could; can’t C．Must; can D．Must; can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的字典吗？——对不起，恐怕你不能，因为我在用。 考查情态动词辨析。Could表示委婉请求；Must必须；can能，可以；can’t不能。第一空表示礼貌请求，用“Could”更合适；根据“because I’m using it.”可知，因为自己正在用，所以第二空表示拒绝，用“can’t”表示不能。故选B。 8．—________ I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen? —Sorry, you ________. These are only for members of the art club. A．Could; could B．Can; needn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——陈小姐，我可以从你那里借这些画吗？——对不起，你不能。这些仅供艺术俱乐部的会员使用。 考查情态动词的用法。Could能，可以，表示请求时语气更委婉；Can能，可以，表示请求时语气更直接；needn’t不需要；can’t不可以；第一个空，根据“borrow the paintings from you”可知，此处表示请求许可，常用Could或Can，但Could更委婉，礼貌，第一个空用Could；第二个空，根据“Sorry”可知，是否定回答，表示“不能”，用can’t。故选C。 9．________ you help me? I can’t move the box by myself. A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能帮我吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。 考查情态动词。Could能；Should应该；Must必须；Need需要。根据“… you help me?”可知，此处表示委婉地请求，应用情态动词could。故选A。 10．—_________ I watch TV, Dad? —Sorry, you _________. You must finish your homework first. A．Could; couldn’t B．Could; can’t C．Can; don’t D．Could; could 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我能看电视吗？——抱歉，你不能。你必须先完成作业。 考查情态动词。Could可以；Can能，可以；couldn’t不可以；can’t不可以；don’t不要。“Could I...?”常用于表示委婉请求；根据“Sorry”以及“You must finish your homework first.”可知，此处为否定回答，Could引导的委婉请求，否定回答用can’t。故选B。 表示“令人无聊”，修饰物。故选C。 11．Teenagers should learn to _________ their ideas clearly instead of keeping silent. A．express themselves B．teach themselves C．be curious about D．look forward to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：青少年应该学会清晰地表达他们的想法而不是保持沉默。 考查动词短语辨析。express themselves表达自己的想法；teach themselves自学；be curious about对……好奇；look forward to期待。根据“their ideas clearly instead of keeping silent”可知，此处指清晰表达想法，而不是保持沉默，所以应该用express themselves。故选A。 12．Mandy, we can’t do everything for you. You have to depend on ________ now. A．you B．your C．yourself D．yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：曼迪，我们不能为你做所有事。现在你得依靠你自己了。 考查代词辨析。you你/你们；your你的/你们的；yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己。 “depend on”是动词短语，后接宾语，主语you在此处指代Mandy，对应的反身代词应为yourself。故选C。 13．Tom made a chocolate cake ________ last weekend—he didn’t ask his mom for help at all. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆上周末自己做了一个巧克力蛋糕——他根本没有向妈妈求助。 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己；herself她自己。根据“he didn’t ask his mom for help at all”可知，汤姆没有向妈妈求助，是自己做的蛋糕，主语是Tom，为男性，所以用himself。故选C。 14．I’m not good at maths, but I often say to ________, “Never give up!” A．herself B．myself C．themselves D．himself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我数学不好，但我经常对自己说：“永远别放弃！”。 考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己；myself我自己；themselves他们自己；himself他自己。主语是“I”，因此反身代词应使用“myself”与之对应。故选B。 15．—What do you think of the TV play Sherlock Holmes? —It is good ________ but it’s not good to watch it for too long. A．itself B．yourselves C．themselves D．ourselves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得电视剧《神探夏洛克》怎么样？——它本身是好的，但看太久不好。 考查反身代词辨析。itself它自己；yourselves你们自己；themselves他们自己；ourselves我们自己。根据“the TV play Sherlock Holmes”可知，主语it指代单数名词TV play，因此应使用相应的反身代词itself表示“它本身”。故选A。 二．写作 假如你是李华，请阅读你朋友Mike发来的邮件，并用英语写一封回信。在回信中至少给出三条切实可行的保护视力的建议（如控制使用电子产品的时间，在运动、饮食等方面养成好习惯）。词数不少于100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Hua, Is everything going well? I’ve been spending a lot of time reading and using electronic devices lately. Now I have become nearsighted. What should I do to protect my eyes and improve my eyesight (视力)? Would you please give me some advice? All the best, Mike Dear Mike, I’m sorry to hear about your eyesight problem. But don’t worry. Best wishes, Li Hua 【写作提示】 1.主题：给出保护视力的建议 2.人称：以第二人称为主 3.时态：一般现在时 4.要点：表示安慰、给出至少3条护眼建议并给予鼓励 5.写作思路：开篇引出“保护视力”的话题，中间部分给出保护视力的具体建议，结尾给予鼓励并表达祝愿。 【范文】 Dear Mike, I’m sorry to hear about your eyesight problem. But don’t worry. Here are some tips to help you. First, it’s important to control the time you spend in reading and using electronic devices. Take breaks every 20 minutes. Look at something green or far away to relax your eyes. Second, you can do more outdoor activities. What’s more, you should develop some good habits. Go to bed early and try to sleep for at least 8 hours every night. You should eat more vegetables and fruits. They are good for your health. Besides, doing eye exercises plays an important role in relaxing your tired eyes. Lastly, you should have your eyes examined regularly to make sure your eyes stay healthy. Don’t worry! Stick to these habits, and your eyes will surely feel more comfortable day by day. Take care of yourself! Best wishes, Li Hua 　　秋季天气渐凉,呼吸道疾病感染人群剧增,为了向全校师生普及呼吸道疾病的相关知识,校园英语广播站向同学们征稿。假如你是李华,请你根据下列图示内容写一份英文稿件。 要求:1.阐述图示内容,并提出3—4点预防建议;2.词数不少于70,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3.层次分明,条理清晰。 Dear teachers and students, 【范文】 Dear teachers and students,　 It gets cool these days, and more and more people get Autumn Respiratory Diseases. So it’s important to know about them. According to the picture, 45% of those with the diseases have a sore throat, 35% cough, 13% get a fever, and 7% have breathing problems. Children and the old are easy to catch them.To prevent them, first, try to keep warm.Second, wash hands often to stay clean. Third, do more exercise to build up our bodies. In short, taking these preventive steps can help us stay away from Autumn Respiratory Diseases and enjoy a healthy life. That’s all. Thank you.　 知识导图记忆 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 一．单词拼写 1．After school yesterday, John learned to play the guitar by (he). 【答案】himself 【详解】句意：昨天放学后，约翰自学了弹吉他。根据“by”可知，此处应填代词，作by的宾语，by oneself意为“亲自”做某事，he的反身代词为himself，故填himself。 2．“Just one more month!” she said to (she). 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：“再过一个月！”她自言自语道。say to oneself“自言自语”，固定搭配，此处应用反身代词herself。故填herself。 3．The girl came into the room and said to (she), “Where is my book?” 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：女孩走进房间，自言自语道：“我的书在哪里？”。根据句子可知，动作的发出者the girl和承受者是同一个人，空处应用反身代词，表示“她对自己说”。she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。 4．It’s important for parents to let children think for (they). 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：父母让孩子独立思考是很重要的。此处需要填入“they”的反身代词形式，表示“他们自己”，they的反身代词为themselves“他们自己”，故填themselves。 5．“You need to make decisions by ,” the teacher said to the students. (you) 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意：“你们需要自己做决定。”老师对学生们说道。考查“by oneself ”意为独自地，靠自己；这里的oneself是反身代词，需要和句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。You“你，你们”，为主格代词，由“the teacher said to the students”可知，此处指学生们自己，yourselves“你们自己”。故填yourselves。 6．The children are flying the kite (放风筝) over there. They seem to enjoy (they). 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：孩子们正在那边放风筝。他们看起来玩得开心。enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，固定短语，根据“They”可知，此处用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 7．The cat is washing (it) in the sun. 【答案】itself 【详解】句意：猫正在太阳下给自己洗澡。it“它”，主格/宾格，根据“The cat is washing...in the sun.”可知，wash oneself“给自己洗澡/清洗身体”，此处应为反身代词。故填itself。 8．He taught (he) French by reading lots of books. 【答案】himself 【详解】句意：他通过阅读大量书籍自学了法语。he“他”是人称代词主格。teach oneself是固定搭配，意为“自学”，因此填反身代词。故填himself。 9．Be careful not to hurt (you) when you use the knife. 【答案】yourself 【详解】句意：使用刀具时，小心别伤到你自己。根据“Be careful not to hurt”以及“when you use the knife”可知，此处需要填入反身代词指代主语本身，yourself符合语境，强调“伤到自己”这一语义。故填yourself。 10．The little girl can dress (she) now. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：这个小女孩现在能自己穿衣服了。dress oneself意为“自己穿衣服”，本句主语为The little girl，单数可数名词，所以需用对应的反身代词herself。故填herself。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 In China, table culture is part of each meal, whether it is in a restaurant or in someone’s home. Learning 1 (act) properly at table will make people around us more comfortable. Then 2 should we pay attention to when dining? The first one is the order of seats. Usually, round tables are the first 3 (choose) for Chinese dining. The seat facing the door is the best one, usually for the main guest. As for the other seats, the 4 (close) they are to the main guest, the better they are. Second, if we are the host, we should arrive earlier at the door and introduce them to their seats. If we are invited to the meal, we should listen to the host and take 5 seat. Third, we shouldn’t ask the waiters the 6 (dish) prices or bargain (讨价还价) with them when we order, which shows we are not generous. And that makes guests 7 (feel) uncomfortable. The last point to note is about eating manners. It is 8 (polite) to urge (力劝) guests to take the dish, but it’s acceptable to introduce the special dish. Whether they eat or not 9 (depend) on themselves. It’s also unwise to take a dish for guests, 10 we are not sure whether they like it. 【答案】1．to act 2．what 3．choice 4．closer 5．a 6．dishes’ 7．feel 8．impolite 9．depends 10．because 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。 1．句意：学会在餐桌上举止得体会让我们周围的人感觉更舒服。learn to do sth“学习做某事”，空处填不定式作宾语。故填to act。 2．句意：那么我们在用餐时应该注意什么呢？根据“should we pay attention to”可知，此处是指注意的内容，用what“什么”提问。故填what。 3．句意：通常，圆桌是中国人用餐的首选。根据“the first”可知，空处填名词形式，choose的名词choice。故填choice。 4．句意：至于其他座位，离主宾越近越好。此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，此空应填close的比较级closer。故填closer。 5．句意：如果我们被邀请用餐，应该听从主人的安排并就座。此处泛指一个座位，且seat是辅音音素开头的单词，用a修饰。故填a。 6．句意：第三，我们点餐时不应该问服务员菜的价格或与他们讨价还价，这表明我们不慷慨。dish“菜肴”，此空应填名词复数表泛指；同时此空修饰名词prices，应填名词所有格形式。故填dishes’。 7．句意：这会让客人感到不舒服。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”。故填feel。 8．句意：力劝客人吃菜是不礼貌的，但介绍特色菜是可以接受的。根据“to urge (力劝) guests to take the dish”及常识可知，力劝客人吃菜是不礼貌的，impolite“不礼貌的”，形容词作表语。故填impolite。 9．句意：他们吃不吃取决于他们自己。本文时态是一般现在时，主语“Whether they eat or not”是单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数“depends”。故填depends。 10．句意：给客人夹菜也是不明智的，因为我们不确定他们是否喜欢。空后句是前句的原因，用because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。 三．书面表达 生命的意义在于运动。假设你叫李明，某学生英文网站正在进行”我运动，我健康， 我快乐”的征文活动， 你打算投稿，请你根据以下思维导图内容提示用英语写一篇短文。 作文要求: 1. 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 2. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。 3. 语句连贯，词数70个左右。作文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Exercise, health and happiness Exercise is really important in our life. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 Exercise, health and happiness Exercise is really important in our life. It not only keeps our bodies strong and less likely to get sick, but also lifts our spirits when we feel down. At school, I join the morning jogging three times a week and play basketball in PE classes twice. At home, I ride bikes with my family every weekend to enjoy fresh air while exercising. Let’s stick to working out. It will surely bring us lasting health and happiness! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：以一般现在时为主； ③提示：补充运动“减少生病”的细节，丰富学校/家庭运动的频率与体验。 [写作步骤] 第一步：拓展运动重要性； 第二步：细化学校和家庭的运动安排； 第三步：呼吁坚持运动，强化主题。 [亮点词汇] ①less likely to get sick更少生病 ②stick to working out坚持锻炼 [高分句型] ①It not only keeps our bodies strong and less likely to get sick, but also lifts our spirits when we feel down. (用“not only…but also”和时间状语从句) 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 八年级下册Unit 2 Stay Healthy语法、写作篇 （寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法1（情态动词should和could的用法）  知识点1. should的用法 should作情态动词,有实际的词义,但它不可单独作谓语,须与动词原形连用,没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是should not,可缩写为shouldn’t；变为一般疑问句时,should提到主语之前。它的用法如下： （1）表示提出或征询建议，意为“应该”。 I think you should save some money for your father’s birthday. 我认为你应该为你父亲的生日攒些钱。 （2）表示责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”。 We should follow the rules in public. 在公共场合我们应该遵守规则。 （3）表示推测，意为“照理说，应该”，语气弱于must“一定”(表示推测)。 Don’t worry. Kate should arrive soon. 别担心。凯特应该很快就到了。 知识点2. could的用法 情态动词could本身不能作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。用法如下： （1）could用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。 You could ask your doctor for a check-up. 你可以请医生做个检查。 （2）句型“Could you (please)...?”常用于委婉地请求某人做某事，其后通常接动词原形，此时其肯定回答和否定回答都不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, I can./Sure./Of course./No problem./...  否定回答：Sorry, I’m afraid not./I’m sorry, I can’t. /I’m sorry, but.../Of course not. —Could you lend your computer to me? 你可以把你的电脑借给我吗? —Certainly. 当然可以。/Sorry, I’m afraid not. 对不起，恐怕不行。 （3）句型“Could I do...?”常用于委婉地请求许可，答语中用can，而不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, you can./Certainly./Sure. 否定回答：No, you can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看看你的新手表吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。/No, you can’t. 不，不行。 随堂训练 1．—What ________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me? —You ________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts. A．needn’t; should B．could; shouldn’t C．can; can’t D．should; can 2．You ________ drink warm water and have a good rest if you have a cold, or you’ll feel worse. A．should B．had better not C．mustn’t D．can 3．—Miss Fang, how can I speak good English? —I think you ________ practise speaking it every day. A．wouldn’t B．shouldn’t C．should D．would 4．Yes, Jasmine. First, you ________ always focus on what the teacher says in class. Take notes when you need to. A．may B．may not C．should D．shouldn’t 5．Sweetie, your room looks like a bomb went off in here! You ________ tidy it up right now. A．may B．can C．should D．need 6．Mom, I want to borrow Lucy’s storybook. ______ you help me ask her tomorrow? A．Must B．Could C．Should D．Might 7．________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work. A．Could B．Must C．Need D．Might 8．—________ I hang out with my friends after dinner, Mum? —Sure. Remember to go back home before 9:00. A．Must B．Could C．Need D．Should 9．—________ you please play tennis with me after school? —Sorry, I ________. I have much homework ________ today. A． Could; can’t; to do B．Could; couldn’t; will do C．Can; don’t; do D．Can; couldn’t; to do 10．________ you please help to clean the rooms after supper? I have other things to do. A．Might B．Should C．Could D．Must 语法2（反身代词） 知识点1. 反身代词的变化 反身代词由人称代词的宾格形式或形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成，有人称和数的变化。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数myself 我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己 知识点2. 反身代词的用法 （1）作动词或介词的宾语 My brother can’t dress himself. 我弟弟不能自己穿衣服。(作动词的宾语) The old man lives by himself in the countryside. 这个老人一个人生活在乡下。（作介词的宾语） （2）作主语或宾语的同位语 此时表示强调，反身代词要重读。反身代词强调主语时，位置比较灵活。反身代词强调宾语时，应放在宾语之后。 I myself will present the prizes./I will present the prizes myself. 我本人将颁发奖品。(作主语的同位语) You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。(作宾语的同位语) （3）作表语 反身代词放在be、feel、look、seem等系动词之后作表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。 I’m not feeling myself today. I think I may have a cold. 今天我感觉不适。我想我可能感冒了。 知识点3. 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 1．—Wow, Mr Wu can play the piano very well. —Yes. He enjoys teaching ________ to play the piano at the weekend. A．himself B．myself C．ourselves D．herself 2．Boys, you should learn to teach ________ to make improvements. A．yourselves B．yourself C．myself D．ourselves 3．—What are you doing, Jack? —I didn’t have breakfast. I’m making a sandwich for ________. A．my B．myself C．you D．yourself 4．A man should be strict with _____, but be friendly to others. A．myself B．yourself C．oneself D．himself 5．—What did you think of the new lesson yesterday? —The course ________ was meaningful, but I felt ________ because yesterday’s lesson was too long. A．itself; boring B．himself; bored C．itself; bored D．himself; boring 单元写作 本单元的主题是“保持健康”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇和表达,谈论健康问题、提供建议。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①描述健康问题与身体状况;②针对不适症状给出合理建议;③分析日常生活中的安全隐患,并讨论预防措施。 在中考书面表达中与此主题相关的命题形式较为多样,例如通过撰写建议信、演讲稿等向同龄人发出倡议,内容需列举具体防护措施,并表达共同守护健康的期望,体现实用性与号召力。 1.写作实例 假设你是李华,最近有许多人感染了甲型流感病毒 (influenza A virus)。请你根据以下表格中的提示,以“How to prevent the influenza A virus”为题,谈谈我们应该怎样预防甲 型流感病毒。 How to prevent the influenza A virus wash our hands often do some sports, such as... wear masks (口罩) eat healthy food and drink more water 要求:1.参考提示内容,可适当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4.词数不少于80。(开头已给出,但不计入总词数) How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? 2.审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:一般现在时    3.人称:以第二、三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①wash them often with soap 经常用肥皂洗它们     ②stop the virus from spreading 阻止病毒传播　 ③do sports regularly 定期运动　 ④avoid crowded places 避免去拥挤的地方 ⑤It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. 对我们来说, 采取措施保持健康很重要。 ⑥In short, small habits make a big difference. 总之,小习惯会产生大的影响。 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. First, keep hands clean. Wash them often with soap, especially before eating and after touching public things. Second, wear masks in busy places. They can help stop the virus from spreading. Also, do sports regularly, like walking or playing basketball, to make our bodies strong. Eating healthy food like fruits and vegetables, and drinking more water are good too. Try not to stay close to people who are sick, and avoid crowded places when possible. In short, small habits make a big difference. Following these tips can protect us and others. Let's take care of ourselves and stay away from the virus. 一、单项选择 1．—My parents are always busy with their work. Sometimes I have to cook by myself. —Oh, dear. You ________ be careful when cooking. A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t 2．Parents ________ spend more time with their children rather than just be busy with work. A．should B．may C．should not D．may not 3．The instructions are very important. You ________ begin using it without reading them. A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．may not 4．If you want to get along with your classmates, you ________ shout at them. A．needn’t B．can’t C．may not D．shouldn’t 5．You ________ listen to your teacher carefully in class. A．can B．should C．may D．mustn’t 6．—Jim, ________I use your computer? —Yes, of course you ________. A．could; could B．could；can C．can; must D．can; should 7．—________ I borrow your dictionary? —Sorry, I’m afraid you ________ because I’m using it. A．Could; can B．Could; can’t C．Must; can D．Must; can’t 8．—________ I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen? —Sorry, you ________. These are only for members of the art club. A．Could; could B．Can; needn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; can 9．________ you help me? I can’t move the box by myself. A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need 10．—_________ I watch TV, Dad? —Sorry, you _________. You must finish your homework first. A．Could; couldn’t B．Could; can’t C．Can; don’t D．Could; could 11．Teenagers should learn to _________ their ideas clearly instead of keeping silent. A．express themselves B．teach themselves C．be curious about D．look forward to 12．Mandy, we can’t do everything for you. You have to depend on ________ now. A．you B．your C．yourself D．yourselves 13．Tom made a chocolate cake ________ last weekend—he didn’t ask his mom for help at all. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 14．I’m not good at maths, but I often say to ________, “Never give up!” A．herself B．myself C．themselves D．himself 15．—What do you think of the TV play Sherlock Holmes? —It is good ________ but it’s not good to watch it for too long. A．itself B．yourselves C．themselves D．ourselves 二．写作 假如你是李华，请阅读你朋友Mike发来的邮件，并用英语写一封回信。在回信中至少给出三条切实可行的保护视力的建议（如控制使用电子产品的时间，在运动、饮食等方面养成好习惯）。词数不少于100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Hua, Is everything going well? I’ve been spending a lot of time reading and using electronic devices lately. Now I have become nearsighted. What should I do to protect my eyes and improve my eyesight (视力)? Would you please give me some advice? All the best, Mike Dear Mike, I’m sorry to hear about your eyesight problem. But don’t worry. Best wishes, Li Hua 　　秋季天气渐凉,呼吸道疾病感染人群剧增,为了向全校师生普及呼吸道疾病的相关知识,校园英语广播站向同学们征稿。假如你是李华,请你根据下列图示内容写一份英文稿件。 要求:1.阐述图示内容,并提出3—4点预防建议;2.词数不少于70,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3.层次分明,条理清晰。 Dear teachers and students, 知识导图记忆 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 一．单词拼写 1．After school yesterday, John learned to play the guitar by (he). 2．“Just one more month!” she said to (she). 3．The girl came into the room and said to (she), “Where is my book?” 4．It’s important for parents to let children think for (they). 5．“You need to make decisions by ,” the teacher said to the students. (you) 6．The children are flying the kite (放风筝) over there. They seem to enjoy (they). 7．The cat is washing (it) in the sun. 8．He taught (he) French by reading lots of books. 9．Be careful not to hurt (you) when you use the knife. 10．The little girl can dress (she) now. 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 In China, table culture is part of each meal, whether it is in a restaurant or in someone’s home. Learning 1 (act) properly at table will make people around us more comfortable. Then 2 should we pay attention to when dining? The first one is the order of seats. Usually, round tables are the first 3 (choose) for Chinese dining. The seat facing the door is the best one, usually for the main guest. As for the other seats, the 4 (close) they are to the main guest, the better they are. Second, if we are the host, we should arrive earlier at the door and introduce them to their seats. If we are invited to the meal, we should listen to the host and take 5 seat. Third, we shouldn’t ask the waiters the 6 (dish) prices or bargain (讨价还价) with them when we order, which shows we are not generous. And that makes guests 7 (feel) uncomfortable. The last point to note is about eating manners. It is 8 (polite) to urge (力劝) guests to take the dish, but it’s acceptable to introduce the special dish. Whether they eat or not 9 (depend) on themselves. It’s also unwise to take a dish for guests, 10 we are not sure whether they like it. 三．书面表达 生命的意义在于运动。假设你叫李明，某学生英文网站正在进行”我运动，我健康， 我快乐”的征文活动， 你打算投稿，请你根据以下思维导图内容提示用英语写一篇短文。 作文要求: 1. 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 2. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。 3. 语句连贯，词数70个左右。作文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Exercise, health and happiness Exercise is really important in our life. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $