Unit 3 Adventuring A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册期末词汇复习（沪外版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第一册·沪外版·Unit3 AdventuringA部分 、 重点单词详解 1:endurance 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.忍耐力：持久力（长时间做痛苦或困难事情的能力） 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：endure/in'djua(r)/(v.忍耐；忍受；持续) 形容词：enduring/in'dj心/(adj.持久的；耐久的) 名词：endurance（由动词endure+-ance名词后缀构成，表示”行为或状态”) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词(endure) endure pain/hardship(忍受痛苦/艰难) endure to do sth.（忍耐做某事) endure doing sth.(忍耐做某事) 名词(endurance) build up endurance(增强耐力) 考验类：考验忍耐力的活动，如endurance test(耐力测试)，endurance race(耐力赛) 四、拓展用法 固定搭配：beyond endurance(忍无可忍) It's beyond endurance that.(…是无法忍受的) 五、作文高级句型 Cultivating physical and mental endurance is crucial for overcoming challenges,as it enables us to persist in difficult tasks until success is achieved. 培养身心耐力对于克服挑战至关重要，因为它使我们能够在困难任务中坚持下去直至 成功。 2:hazardous 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.危险的；有害的（涉及风险或危险，尤指威胁健康或安全） 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：hazard/haezad(n.危险；危害v.冒…的风险) 副词：hazardously/'haezadasli/(adv.危险地；有害地) 名词：hazardousness/haezedesn3s/(1n.危险性) 形容词：hazardous（由名词hazard+-ous形容词后缀构成，表示”具有…性质的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词(hazard) at hazard(在危险中；胡乱地) a hazard to sth.(对某物的危害) 形容词(hazardous) hazardous chemicals(危险化学品) hazardous conditions（危险环境) be hazardous to health(对健康有害) 四、重点辨析 hazardous vs dangerous:hazardous更正式，常指潜在的、可能造成伤害的危险，尤用于 描述对健康或环境的威胁：dangerous为通用词，指可能导致伤害或损失的情况。 五、作文高级句型 Proper measures must be taken to handle hazardous substances,as their improper disposal may pose severe threats to both the environment and human health 必须采取适当措施处理有害物质，因为它们的不当处置可能对环境和人类健康造成严 重威胁。 3:abandon 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.舍弃、丢弃（因不可能或危险而离开事物/地方）：遗弃（某人，尤指不负责 任地) 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：abandonment/e'baendenment/(n.抛弃；遗弃；放弃) 形容词：abandoned/e'baendand/(adj.被遗弃的；放纵的) 动词：abandon(本身可作动词，名词形式需加后缀-ment) 三、用法与常见搭配 abandon sth.sb.(抛弃某物/某人) abandon doing sth.(放弃做某事) abandon oneself to sth.(沉溺于某事) with abandon(放纵地：尽情地) 四、重点辨析 abandon vs desert:abandon指因困难或危险而放弃，或不负责任地遗弃；desert强调违 背义务、责任或誓言而离开，尤指遗弃家人或职守。 五、作文高级句型 In no case should we abandon our dreams easily,for perseverance is often the key to turning impossibilities into possibilities. 我们绝不应轻易放弃梦想，因为毅力往往是将不可能变为可能的关键。 4:survive 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：ⅴ.生存；存活；幸免于（灾难）（继续生活或存在，尽管经历危险事件） 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：survival/sa'varvl/(n.生存；幸存) 名词：vivor/sa'varva(r)/(n.幸存者；生还者) 形容词：survivable/sa'varvabl/(adj.可存活的；能幸免于难的) 动词：survive(源自拉丁语supervivre,super-”超过？+vivere”生活”) 、 用法与常见搭配 survive sth.(从某事中幸存) survive on sth.（靠某物生存) survive sb.(比某人活得久) the survival of the fittest(适者生存) 四、拓展用法 survive作？幸免于”时，直接接宾语，不加介词fom(如survive the earthquake,不可说 survive from the earthquake). 五、作文高级句型 Those who can survive tough times are not necessarily the strongest,but those who are most adaptable to changes. 能在艰难时期存活下来的人不一定是最强壮的，而是最能适应变化的人。 5:exhausted 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的 构词法（词性转换） 动词：exhaust/Ig'zo:st(v.使筋疲力尽；耗尽) 名词：exhaustion1g'zo:stan/(n.疲惫；耗尽) 形容词：exhausting/Ig'zo:st如/（adj.令人疲惫不堪的) 形容词：exhausted(由动词exhaust+-ed构成，修饰人；-ing形式修饰事物) 三、用法与常见搭配 feel exhausted(感到筋疲力尽) be exhausted from sth.(因某事而疲惫) an exhausting task(一项累人的任务) exhaust one's energy(耗尽精力) 四、重点辨析 exhausted vs exhausting:exhausted表示”（人）感到疲惫的；exhausting表示”（事物) 令人疲惫的”。 五、作文高级句型 After a whole day of intensive study,students often feel exhausted,so it is essential to arrange proper rest to avoid burnout. 经过一整天的紧张学习，学生们常常感到筋疲力尽，因此安排适当的休息以避免过度劳 累至关重要。 6:exceptional 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.杰出的；优秀的；卓越的（异常出色） 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：exception /ik'sepn/(n.例外；除外) 副词：exceptionally /rk'sepfanali/(adv.罕见地；极其) 动词：except/k'sept(prep.除…之外v把…除外)》 形容词：exceptional(由名词exception+-al形容词后缀构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 exceptional ability(杰出的能力) exceptional circumstances(特殊情况) be exceptional in sth.（在某方面杰出) 四、重点辨析 exceptional vs excellent::exceptional强调”超出一般水平的，罕见的优秀；excellent指？ 非常好的，优秀的”，程度略低于exceptional。 五、作文高级句型 His exceptional performance in the competition not only won him a prize but also earned him widespread recognition from peers. 他在比赛中的杰出表现不仅为他赢得了奖项，还使他获得了同行的广泛认可。 7:leadership 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.领导才能（成为领导者的品质）：领导地位（作为领导者的状态） 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：leader/'i:dar)/(n.领导者；首领) 动词：lead /li:d/(v.领导；带领；引导) 形容词：leading/'i:du/(adj.主要的；领先的) 名词：leadership（由leader+-ship名词后缀构成，表示”身份、能力或状态) 三、用法与常见搭配 show leadership(展现领导才能) under one's leadership(在某人的领导下) take leadership(担任领导) strong leadership(强有力的领导) 四、拓展用法 leadership为不可数名词，无复数形式。 五、作文高级句型 Effective leadership is essential for a team to achieve its goals,as it can inspire members to work together towards a common objective. 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Marathon runners need great to finish the 42-kilometer race. A)endure B)endurance C)enduring D)endurable 2.Working in_conditions without proper protection can cause serious health problems. A)hazard B)hazardous C)hazardously D)hazardousness 3.The rescue team decided to the search due to the worsening weather. A)abandon B)desert C)quit D)leave 4.Only a few passengers managed to_the plane crash last month A)survive B)survival C)survivor D)survivable 5.After climbing the mountain for five hours,we all felt completely_ A)exhaust B)exhausting C)exhausted D)exhaustion 6.Hertalent in music has won her several international awards A)exception B)exceptional C)excellently D)except 7.Good is crucial for a team to overcome challenges and achieve success. A)leader B)lead C)leading D)leadership 8.You should never yourself to despair even when facing difficulties. A)abandon B)desert C)give up D)quit 9.The chemical factory was fined for improper disposal of-waste. A)danger B)dangerous C)hazard D)hazardous 10.Regular exercise helps tophysical endurance and mental strength A)build up B)take up C)make up D)put up (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The old man's_(survive)from the flood amazed everyone in the village 2.It is important to wear protective clothing when handling(hazard)materials. 3.The(abandon)child was taken to a local orphanage by the police. 4.Her (endure)of pain during the treatment inspired all the medical staff. 5.Effective_(lead)requires both wisdom and empathy to guide a team. 6.After the earthquake,the government provided emergency supplies for_(survive) 7.The_(exception)heat this summer has broken previous records in the city. 8.The(exhaust)hiker collapsed as soon as he reached the mountain top. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.To complete the long-distance race,athletes must train to improve their e 2.Smoking is h to health and can lead to various diseases. 3.The sailors had to a the sinking ship and swim to the nearby island. 4.In order to s in the desert,you need to cary enough water and food. 5.After the intense competition,the winner smiled with ajoy. 6.The company's success is largely due to the excellent L ofits CEO. 7.The esoldiers were unable to continue fighting after three days of battle 8.Her eperformance in the exam earned her a scholarship to the university 9.The h of the storm forced all residents to stay indoors for safety 10.The team showed great e in working together to solve the difficult problem. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BB AA C B D A D A 解析1（第1题）： 考查endurance的用法。endurance为名词，表示”忍耐力；持久力”，符合句意？马拉 松运动员需要极大的耐力来完成42公里的比赛”；endure为动词，enduring为形容词， endurable为形容词，均不符合语法要求，故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查hazardous的用法。hazardous为形容词，表示”危险的；有害的”，符合句意”在 没有适当保护的情况下在危险环境中工作可能导致严重的健康问题”；hazard为名词， hazardously为副词，hazardousness为名词，均不符合语法要求，故选B。 解析3（第3题）： 考查abandon的用法。abandon表示”放弃；舍弃”，符合句意由于天气恶化，救援队决 定放弃搜索”；desert强调违背义务而离开，quit和leave语气较弱，均不符合语境，故 选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.survival 2.hazardous 3.abandoned 4.endurance 5.leadership 6.survivors 7.exceptional 8.exhausted 3.首字母填空答案： 1.endurance 2.hazardous 3.abandon 4.survive 5.abandon 6.leadership 7.exhausted 8. exceptional 9.hazard 10.endurance 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第一册·Unit3 Adventuring A部分