Unit 3 Delving into History B部分-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（沪外版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·沪外版·Unit3 DelvingintoHistory B部分 一、 重点单词详解 1:renowned 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.非常著名的；享有盛名的 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：nowm(kow,知道)，前缀re-（加强语气)+nowm+-ed(形容词后缀)→广 为人知的→著名的 动词：renown'nawm/(n,名望，声誉) 形容词：renowned(由renown+-ed构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 be renowned for（因…而著名) be renowned as(作为…而著名) 例：The city is renowned for its ancient architecture.(这座城市以其古建筑而闻名。) 四、辨析 renowned VS famous:1 enowned更正式，强调”享有极高声誉”，多用于书面语；famous 较为普通，可指人或事物广为人知。 五、作文高级句型 As one of the world's most renowned cultural heritage sites,the Great Wall attracts millions of visitors annually. 作为世界上最负盛名的文化遗产之一，长城每年吸引数百万游客。 2:complex 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.复杂的；难懂的；费解的 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：plex(fold,折叠)，前缀com-(一起)+plex→折叠在一起的→复杂的 名词：complex/'kompleks/(n.综合体；情结) 副词：complexly/'kompleksli/(ad.复杂地) 三、用法与常见搭配 a complex problem/situation(复杂的问题/形势) complex structure/system（复杂的结构/系统) 例：The relationship between the two countries is very complex.(两国关系非常复杂。) 四、辨析 complex VS complicated:complex侧重'由多个部分组成的复杂”，如complex system; complicated侧重”因结构混乱而难以理解”，如complicated instructions。. 五、作文高级句型 In the era of information explosion,we are faced with an increasing number of complex chal- lenges that require innovative solutions. 在信息爆炸时代，我们面临越来越多的复杂挑战，需要创新的解决方案。 3:diplomatic 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.外交的；从事外交的 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：diploma(n.文凭；公文)，diploma+-tic(形容词后缀)→与公文/外交相关的→ 外交的 名词：diplomat/drplemat/(n.外交官) 名词：diplomacy/d'pleumasi/(n.外交；外交手腕) 三、用法与常见搭配 diplomatic relations(外交关系) diplomatic mission(外交使团) be diplomatic in(在…方面善于外交) 例：The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1972.(两国于1972年建立外交 关系。) 四、拓展用法 派生义：”策略的：委婉的，如a diplomatic answer（委婉的回答) 五、 作文高级句型 Diplomatic dialogue is an effective way to resolve international conflicts peacefully 外交对话是和平解决国际冲突的有效方式。 4:commercial 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.贸易的；商业的 二、构词法（词汇变形） 词根：merc(-trade,贸易)，前缀com-(一起)+merc+-ial（形容词后缀)→与贸易 相关的→商业的 名词： commerce/'kpm3:s/(n.商业；贸易) 副词：commercially /ke'm3ali/(adv.商业上；贸易上) 三、用法与常见搭配 commercial activity(商业活动) commercial center(商业中心) commercial value(商业价值) 例：The area has developed into a busy commercial district.(该地区已发展成为繁忙的商 业区。) 四、辨析 commercial VS mercantile::commercial泛指”商业的”，应用范围广；mercantile更正式， 侧重商业贸易的”，如mercantile law(商法)。 五、 作文高级句型 With the rapid development ofe-commerce,commercial patterns have undergone profound changes in recent years. 随着电子商务的快速发展，近年来商业模式发生了深刻变化。 5:efficient 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.效率高的；有功效的 二、 构词法（词汇变形） 词根：fc(=do,做)，前缀ef-(=out,出)+ic+-ient(形容词后缀)做出成果的 →高效的 名词：efficiency /i'fifnsi/(n.效率；效能) 副词：efficiently /I'fintli/(adv.高效地) 三、用法与常见搭配 efficient worker/machine(高效的工人/机器) improve efficiency（提高效率) be efficient in(在…方面效率高) 例：The new system is much more efficient than the old one.（新系统比旧系统高效得多。) 四、拓展用法 反义词：inefficient./Inr'fmt/（ad.低效的) 固定短语：efficient use of resources(资源的有效利用) 五、作文高级句型 To achieve sustainable development,we must pursue efficient utilization of energy and reduce waste 为实现可持续发展，我们必须追求能源的高效利用并减少浪费。 6:pave “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.(用砖石)铺（地） 构词法（词汇变形） 派生词：pavement/pervmant/(n.人行道；铺路面材料) 现在分词：paving(n.铺砌材料；铺砌工程) 三、用法与常见搭配 pave the road/street(铺路/街道) pave with(用…铺) 固定短语：pave the way for（为…铺平道路；为…创造条件) 例：The invention of the Intemet has paved the way for digital transformation.(互联网的发 明为数字化转型铺平了道路。) 四、辨析 pave VS lay:pave特指”用砖石等硬质材料铺地面”；lay泛指”放置；铺设，如laya carpet（铺地毯)。 五、作文高级句型 Education paves the way for personal growth and social progress,making it an indispensable part of human development. 教育为个人成长和社会进步铺平道路，是人类发展不可或缺的部分。 7:spin 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.纺（线）：纺（纱）：（使）快速旋转 二、构词法（词汇变形） 过去式/过去分词：spn/pn/ 名词：spin(n.旋转；纺纱) 派生词：spinner/'spma)/(n.纺纱工；旋转器) 三、 用法与常见搭配 spin cotton into thread(将棉花纺成线) spin around(旋转) spin a story/tale(编造故事) 例：The earth spins on its axis once every24 hours.（地球每24小时绕地轴旋转一周。) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：spin out（延长；拖延) 习语：get into a spin(陷入混乱；紧张不安) 五、作文高级句型 In traditional Chinese culture,silkworms spin silk,which is then woven into beautiful fabrics symbolizing elegance and prosperity. 在中国传统文化中，蚕吐丝，丝被织成象征优雅与繁荣的美丽织物。 8:cast “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.浇筑，铸造 二、构词法（词汇变形） 过去式/过去分词：cast(不规则变化) 名词：cast(n.铸件；演员表) 派生词：casting/ka:st/(n.铸造；铸件) 三、用法与常见搭配 cast iron(铸铁) cast a statue(铸造雕像) cast a shadow(投下阴影) 例：The ancient bell was cast in the 10 )th century.(这口古钟俦造于10世纪。) 四、辨析 cast VS forge:cast侧重”通过模具浇筑（金属/混凝土等)”，如cast a sword:forge侧 重”锻造（金属），如forge a hammer。 五、作文高级句型 The ability to cast metal was a significant technological breakthrough in ancient civilizations 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The city is_for its beautiful beaches and clear blue water. A)famous B)renowned C)popular D)ordinary 2.The relationship between the two companies requires careful management. A)complex B)complicated C)simple D)easy 3.China established relations with France in 1964. A)diplomat B)diplomacy C)diplomatic D)diplomatist 4.The new shopping mall has become a busy_center in the area. A)commerce B)commercial C)mercantile D)trade 5.This new machine is more_than the old one,saving a lot of time and energy. A)efficiency B)efficient C)efficiently D)inefficient 6.The invention of the Internet has_the way for the development of online education. A)laid B)covered C)paved D)spread 7.Silkworms silk,which is then used to make expensive clothes. A)spin B)cast C)weave D)produce 8.The ancient statue was_in bronze during the Han Dynasty. A)forged B)cast C)built D)made 9.Inactivities,profit is usually the main goal. A)commercial B)diplomatic C)cultural D)educational 10.The_use of resources is crucial for sustainable development. A)efficient B)complex C)renowned D)diplomatic (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The scientist is (renown)for his research in artificial intelligence. 2.The(complex)of the problem requires a team effort to solve. 3.She handled the difficult situation with great_(diplomatic) 4.The company's_(commerce)success depends on its innovative products. 5.We need to improve the(efficient)of our production process. 6.(pave)the road took the workers three months to complete. 7.The(spin)of the Earth causes day and night. 8.The(cast)of the movie includes several famous actors 9.His(renown)as a writer grew after his second novel was published. 10.The system works more_(efficient)after the technical upgrade (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The Great Wall is a world-renowned cheritage site 2.Solving this math problem requires understanding its cstructure. 3.The two countries held a d meeting to discuss trade issues 4.This area has developed into a busy cdistrict with many shops. 5.Using solar energy is an eway to reduce electricity costs. 6.New technologies have pthe way for medical breakthroughs 7.The machine can scotton into thread automatically. 8.The ancient bell was c_over a thousand years ago. 9.Her ras a pianist has spread across the country. 10.The company aims to improve the eof its customer service. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B AC BB CA B AA 2.补全句子答案： 1.renowned 2.complexity 3.diplomacy 4.commercial 5.efficiency 6.Paving 7.spin 8. cast 9.renown 10.efficiently 3.首字母填空答案： 1.cultural 2.complex 3.diplomatic 4.commercial 5.efficient 6.paved 7.spin 8.cast 9. renown 10.efficiency 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit3 Delving into History B部分