Unit 4 Words B部分-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（沪外版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第三册·沪外版·Unit4 VordsB部分 一、 重点单词详解 1:miserable 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.) 核心义：ad.痛苦的；悲惨的；难受的 二、构词法（词汇变形） 副词：miserably/'mIzrabli/(adv.痛苦地；可怜地) 名词：misery /'mIzari/(n.痛苦；悲惨；不幸) 三、 用法与常见搭配 形容词(miserable) feel miserable(感到痛苦) lead a miserable life(过着悲惨的生活) a miserable weather(糟糕的天气) 副词(miserably) fail miserably(惨败) live miserably(凄惨地生活) 四、重点辨析 miserable vs..unhappy:miserable程度更深，强调”极度痛苦，如因贫困、疾病等导致 的绝望；nhappy侧重'不开心”，程度较轻，如I was unhappy with the result. 2:decent 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.) 核心义：ad.得体的；体面的；相当好的 构词法（词汇变形） 副词：decently/di:sntli/(adv.得体地；体面地；相当好地) 名词：decency/di:snsi/(n.得体；正派；体面) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词(decent) a decent job(体面的工作) decent clothes(得体的衣服) decent pay(不错的薪水) be decent to sb.(对某人友好/正派) 副词(decently) dress decently(衣着得体) live decently(生活体面) 四、语境示例 It's not decent to talk loudly in public.(在公共场合大声说话不得体。) He's a decent man-一always helps others..(他是个正派的人，总是帮助别人。) 3:cosy 、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.温暖舒适的；惬意的：v.（使)感到舒适 构词法（词汇变形） 比较级：cosier/kauzia/;最高级：cosiest/kauzirst/ 动词：cosy up(tosb.)(与某人套近乎；亲近) 名词：cosiness./ka5zins/(n.舒适感；惬意) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词(cosy) a cosy room(温暖舒适的房间) a cosy bed(舒适的床) feel cosy(感到惬意) 动词短语(cosy up) cosy up to the boss(讨好老板) 四、重点辨析 cosy vs..comfortable:cosy侧重温暖、有氛围的舒适”，如冬日壁炉旁的房间：comfortable 泛指？身体或环境的舒适”，如comfortable shoes(舒适的鞋子)。 4:selfish 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.自私的；利己的 二、 构词法（词汇变形） 反义词：selfless/selflas/(adj.无私的) 名词：selfishness/selfifnes/(n.自私；利己主义) 名词：selflessness/'selflasnes/(n.无私) 三、用法与常见搭配 be selfish to do sth.(做某事很自私) It's selfish of sb.to do sth.(某人做某事是自私的) selfish behavior(自私的行为) 四、语境示例 It was selfish of him to take all the cookies.(他把饼干都拿走了，太自私了。) She's not selfish一he always shares with others.(她不自私，总是和别人分享。) 5:block core考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.堵塞；阻塞；n.街区；块；障碍物 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：block(堵塞) 名词：block(街区；块) 形容词：blocked/blpkt/(adj.堵塞的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(block) block the road(堵塞道路) block sb.'sway(挡住某人的路) be blocked(被堵塞) 名词(block) a block of flats(一栋公寓楼) three blocks away(三个街区远) 四、重点辨析 block vs..blockage:block作名词时指”堵塞物”或”街区”，如a block in the pipe(管道里 的堵塞物)；blockage/blpkid3/(n.)仅指”堵塞、堵塞物”，更正式，如a traffic blockage (交通堵塞)。 6:turn sb.down 一、核心考点 词性：短语 核心义：短语，拒绝某人（请求、提议等） 二、用法与常见搭配 turn down sb.（拒绝某人) turn down sth.(拒绝某事；调小音量) tmsb.down politely（礼貌地拒绝某人) 三、语境示例 He asked her to marry him,but she tumed him down.(他向她求婚，但她拒绝了他。) Can you turn down the music?It's too loud.(你能把音乐调小吗？太吵了。) 四、拓展短语 tmp（出现；调大音量) turn off(关掉；使反感) tmon（打开；使感兴趣) 7:cupboard “、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.橱柜；壁橱 二、构词法（词汇联想） 合成词：cup(杯子)+board(木板)→最初放杯子的木板柜 近义词：cabinet/kaebinat//(n.橱柜；内阁) 三、用法与常见搭配 a kitchen cupboard(厨房橱柜) a medicine cupboard（药柜) put sth.in the cupboard（把某物放进橱柜) 四、重点辨析 cupboard vs.cabinet:cupboard侧重”存放日常物品的柜子”，如厨房橱柜；cabinet更正 式，可指”文件柜、陈列柜”或”内阁，如a filing cabinet(文件柜)。 8:voyage 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（v.) 核心义：.航行；航海；航天；V.航行；旅行 二、 构词法（词汇变形） 动词：voyage(航行) 名词：voyager /'voud3a/(n.航行者；航海家) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词(voyage) a sea voyage(海上航行) a voyage to the moon（登月航行) go on a voyage(去航行) 动词(voyage） voyage across the Atlantic(横渡大西洋航行) 四、重点辨析 voyage vs..journey/.tip/travel:voyage特指”水上或太空长途航行”；journey侧重”陆地 长途旅行；ip指短途旅行；travel泛指”旅行”（不可数）。 9:navy 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.海军；深蓝色 二、构词法（词汇联想） 形容词：naval/nevl/（adj.海军的) 名词复数：navies/'nerviz/ 三、用法与常见搭配 the Royal Navy(英国皇家海军) join the navy(加入海军) navy blue(深蓝色) 四、语境示例 His father served in the navy for20 years.(他父亲在海军服役了20年。) She's wearing a navy dress today.(她今天穿了一条深蓝色连衣裙。) 10:belongings 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.个人物品：财物（复数形式，无单数） 二、构词法（词汇变形） 动词：belong /bI'1则/(i.属于；应在某处) 短语：belong to(属于) 三、用法与常见搭配 personal belongings（个人物品) leave one's belongings(遗留物品) take all belongings(带走所有财物) 四、注意事项 belongings为复数名词 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The old man has led a life since his wife passed away A)miserable B)decent C)cosy D)selfish 2.It's important to wear_clothes for a job interview. A)miserable B)decent C)selfish D)blocked 3.After a long walk in the snow,we felt sitting by the fireplace. A)selfish B)miserable C)cosy D)naval 4.Don't be so_share your toys with your little brother. A)decent B)selfish C)cosy D)voyage 5.The heavy snow_the main road,causing traffic delays. A)blocked B)turned down C)voyaged D)cosied 6.She his marriage proposal because she wasn't ready A)blocked B)turned down C)cosied up D)voyaged 7.You can find the sugar in the above the kitchen sink A)cupboard B)block C)navy D)misery 8.Magellan's_around the world proved the Earth is round. A)journey B)trip C)voyage D)travel 9.My uncle served in the_for 15 years and traveled to many countries. A)navy B)cupboard C)blockage D)cosiness 10.The_of the small village made me feel at home during the winter. A)selfishness B)decency C)cosiness D)misery (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.She felt_(miserable副词形式)after failing the exam. 2._(decent名词形式)requires respecting others in public. 3.The cat curled up in a_(cosy名词形式)corner of the room. 4.His_(selfish名词形式)made him lose many friends. 5.The pipe was_(block形容词形式)，so no water came out. 6.They_(voyage名词形式)across the Pacific Ocean last year. 7.The_(nay形容词形式)officer gave a speech about sea safety. &.She_(turn down过去式)the job offer due to low pay. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The homeless man looked m_in the cold rain. 2.A d salary allows him to support his family 3.We spent the evening in a c cafe with soft music. 4.It's s_to take all the credit for others'work. 5.The car accident b_the road for two hours. 6.She t d his invitation to the party politely 7.The medicine is kept in the kitchen c 8.Columbus'vto America changed world history 9.He joined the n to protect his country's coastline. 10.The small town's cmade us不愿leave. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB C B A B AC A C 2.补全句子答案： 1.miserably 2.Decency 3.cosy 4.selfishness 5.blocked 6.voyaged 7.naval 8.turned down 3.首字母填空答案： 1.miserable 2.decent 3.cosy 4.selfish 5.blocked 6.turned down 7.cupboard 8.voyage 9.navy 10.cosiness 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·沪外版·Unit4 Words B部分