Unit 3 Delving into History A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（沪外版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·沪外版·Unit3 DelvingintoHistoryA部分 重点单词详解 1:infrastructural 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.基础设施的，基础建设的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：infrastructure/'Infrastrakt/()/(n.基础设施) 形容词：infrastructural(由infrastructure去e+-al构成形容词后缀) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：infrastructural projects（基建项目) infrastructural development（基础设施发展) infrastructural facilities(基础设施) 介词搭配：investment in infrastructural construction(基建投资) improve infrastructural conditions(改善基建条件) 四、拓展用法 写作高频场景：描述城市发展、经济建设时使用，如：The government has prioritized infrastructural upgrades to boost regional economy..”(政府已优先推进基建升级以促进区 域经济。) 2:relocate 一·、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.(使)转移，搬迁 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：locate /eu'kert/(v.定位；安置) 前缀：re-(表示”再次；重新”) 派生词：relocation/i:lou'kerfn/(n.搬迁；重新安置) 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词(+宾语)：relocate a company(搬迁公司) relocate employees to a new office(将员工搬迁到新办公室) 派生词：relocation/ilaw'kerm/(n.搬迁；重新安置) 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词(+宾语)：relocate a company(搬迁公司) relocate employees to a new office(将员工搬迁到新办公室) 不及物动词：relocate to the countryside(搬迁到农村) 被动语态：be relocated due to construction(因施工被搬迁) 四、辨析(vs.move) elocate强调？有计划、大规模的迁移”，尤指工作、机构等；move泛指”移动”，可用于 人或物，如：We moved to a new flat last month.”(侧重个人搬家) 3:undergo 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.经历，经受（变化、不快的事等） 过去式：underwent/,unda'went/ 过去分词：ndergone/,And3'gpm/ 二、1 构词法（词性转换） 前缀：under-(表示”在…之下；经历) 词根：g0(v进行；经历) 派生词：ndergoing/,nda'gaUm/(n.经历；手术) 三、用法与常见搭配 接名词作宾语：undergo changes（经历变化) undergo surgery(接受手术) ndergo strict tests(经受严格测试) 写作常用结构：ndergo a series of reforms(经历一系列改革) sth.has undergone dramatic transformation(某物发生巨大转变) 四、注意事项 主语多为事物”或”人”，不可用于被动语态，如：The city has undergone1 apid devel- opment..”（正确)；Rapid development has been undergone by the city.”(错误) 4:devise “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.设计；想出；发明 二、构词法（词性转换） 派生词：device/dI'vars/(n.装置；设备；方法) 注意：devise(v.)与device(n.)为同源词，词形仅差一个字母，但重音位置不同(device 重音在第一音节)。 三、用法与常见搭配 接名词/不定式作宾语：devise a plan(制定计划) devise ways to solve problems(想出解决问题的方法) 介词搭配：devise sth.for sb.sth.(为…设计某物) devise a strategy against risks(制定应对风险的策略) 四、辨析(vs.design/invent) devise: 侧重'通过思考想出方案、方法”，如：devise a new teaching method(设计新教 学法) design:侧重”美术、工程上的设计”，如：design a building(设计建筑) invent:侧重”创造新事物”，如：invent a machine(发明机器) 5:ambitious 、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.费力的；耗资的；有雄心的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：ambition/em'brn/(n.雄心；野心；目标) 派生词：ambitiously /aem'bIfasli/(adv.雄心勃勃地) 三、用法与常见搭配 描述人(”有雄心的”)：an ambitious student（有抱负的学生) be ambitious to achieve success(渴望成功) 描述事物(”费力的；宏大的”)：an ambitious project(宏大的项目) an ambitious plan（艰巨的计划) 介词搭配：ambitious for power/success(渴望权力/成功) 四、拓展用法 写作升级表达：替换eager,如：She is ambitious to pursue a PhD in economics.”(比”eager'” 更强调有决心和规划的渴望”) 6:divert 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.使转向；使绕道；转移 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：di-(表示”分开；偏离”) 词根：vet/v3t/(tm,v.转向，如convert/kan'v3:t/转变”) 派生词：diversion/dar'v3:m/(n.转向；消遣) 三、用法与常见搭配 使转向/绕道(+宾语+介词)：divert traffic to a side road(将traffic疏导至辅路) divert a river from its course(使河流改道) 转移（注意力、资源等）：divert attention from the problem(转移对问题的注意力) divert funds to education(将资金转用于教育) 四、辨析(vs.distract) divert强调？主动引导方向或资源的转移”；distract侧重”分散注意力，使人无法专注， 如：Noise distracted me from studying.”(噪音让我无法专心学习) 7:thrive 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.兴旺发达；繁荣；茁壮成长 第三人称单数：thrives;现在分词：hriving;过去式/过去分词：thrived/thriven 二、构词法（词性转换） 派生词：thriving/'Orarvi四/(adj.繁荣的；兴旺的) 如：a thriving business（兴旺的企业) 三、用法与常见搭配 不及物动词(+介词)：thrive on sth.（靠…茁壮成长；因…而成功) Plants thrive in sunlight.(植物在阳光下茁壮成长。) He thrives on challenges.(他在挑战中成长。) 描述经济/事业：The industry thrived after the reform.(改革后该行业繁荣发展。) 四、辨析(vs.prosper/flourish) thrive:侧重在困难环境中持续发展”，如：thrive in harsh conditions(在恶劣环境中存 活) prosper:侧重”经济上成功”，如：prosper from trade(通过贸易获利) flourish:侧重”处于鼎盛时期”，如：Art flourished in the Renaissance.(文艺复兴时期艺 术鼎盛。) 8:hydraulic 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：ad.(水、油等)液压的，水力的 二、构词法（词根） 词根：hydro--（表示”水；液体”，如hydrogen氢气；hydrology水文学) 后缀：-ic(形容词后缀，表示”与…有关的) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：hydraulic engineering(水利工程) hydraulic machines(液压机械) hydraulic pressure（液压) 学科/技术场景：hydraulic system(液压系统) hydraulic power(水力发电) 四、拓展用法 高中阅读高频词，常出现于科技类文本，如：The canal uses hydraulic locks to adjust water levels for ships.”(运河使用液压船闸调节水位供船只通行。) 9:arid 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.(土地或气候)干旱的；干燥的 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The government has invested heavily inprojects to improve transportation. A)infrastructure B)infrastructural C)infrastructurally D)infrastructs 2.Due to urban development,many families had toto new residential areas. A)move B)relocate C)transfer D)shift 3.The old factory__a complete renovation last year and now looks brand-new. A)underwent B)underdone C)undergo D)undergoes 4.Scientists are trying to new methods to reduce air pollution in cities. A)design B)invent C)devise D)create 5.The young athlete dreams of winning an Olympic gold medal. A)eager B)ambitious C)anxious D)enthusiastic 6.Heavy rain caused the river to its course,flooding nearby fields. A)divert B)distract C)divide D)distribute 7.Small businesses have in this area since the new policy was introduced. A)prospered B)flourished C)thrived D)succeeded 8.The construction of thedam requires advanced engineering techniques. A)hydroelectric B)hydraulic C)hydrogen D)hydrological 9.The climate makes it difficult for plants to grow in the desert region. A)dry B)arid C)barren D)desert 10.The company decided to its headquarters to a more central location. A)relocate B)remove C)replace D)return (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The city's_(infrastructure)development has attracted many investors. 2.The(relocate)of the hospital will take about six months. 3.The patient has(undergo)three operations since last year. 4.This new(devise)can help save a lot of energy. 5.She works_(ambitious)to achieve her career goals. 6.The(divert)of traffic caused long delays during rush hour. 7.The(thrive)economy has improved people's living standards. 8.(hydraulic)engineering plays a key role in water resource management 9.The team has(devise)a detailed plan for the upcoming project. 10.Many species cannot survive in the(arid)conditions of the Sahara. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The government is focusing on improving i facilities like roads and bridges. 2.The factory will r to the industrial park next month to expand production. 3.Ourschoolhasugreat changes in the past five years with new buildings and equipment 4.It took the team three months to d a solution to the technical problem. 5.The-project aims to provide clean water to all rural areas by 2030. 6.Workers had to d the river to prevent it from flooding the village. 7.Local businesses t after the opening of the new highway,which brought more customers. 8.H systems are widely used in construction machinery for their high efficiency. 9.Only a few plants can survive in the adesert with little rainfall. 10.The company's aplan to enter the international market requires careful preparation. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B A C B ACB A C CB A 解析1（第1题）： 考查infrastructural的用法。infrastructural为形容词，修饰projects,表示”基础设施项 目”，符合句意”政府大力投资基础设施项目以改善交通”。 解析2（第2题）： 考查relocate的用法。relocate强调”有计划、大规模的迁移”，符合句意”由于城市发展， 许多家庭不得不搬迁到新的住宅区”。 解析3（第3题）： 考查ndergo的用法。ndergo表示”经历，经受”，过去式为underwent,符合句意”这 家旧工厂去年经历了全面翻新，现在看起来焕然一新”。 2.补全句子答案： 1.infrastructural 2.relocation 3.undergone 4.device 5.ambitiously 6.diversion 7.thriving 8.Hydraulic 9.devised 10.arid 3.首字母填空答案： 1.infrastructural 2.relocate 3.undergone 4.devise 5.ambitious 6.divert 7.thrived 8.Hy- draulic 9.arid 10.ambitious 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit3 Delving into History A部分