Unit 3 Food and ethics一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit3 Foodan dethics 一、重点单词详解 1:meanwhile 一、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv) 核心义：adv.同时：与此同时 二、构词法（词性转换） 合成词：由mean(adv.其间)+while(adv.当…时)构成 三、必记搭配与例句 副词独立使用，置于句首或句中，表时间平行关系：Meanwhile,he team continued their esearch.(与此同时，团队继续研究。) 与连词搭配：while..meanwhile..(强调对比)：She was cooking,meanwhile,he was setting the table 四、重点辨析 meanwhile vs.meantime:两者均表”同时，meanwhile更强调动作并行，neantime多用 于口语短语in the meantime 2:float 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.浮动；漂流；飘动；飘移 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：floating(adj.浮动的：流动的) 名词：floatation/fau'ten/(n.漂浮；浮选) 、 必记搭配与例句 不及物动词：float on sth.(漂浮在某物上)：The boat floated down the river. 及物动词：float sth.on sth.(使某物漂浮于…)：They floated logs down the stream 常见短语：float away(漂走)；float an idea(提出想法试探反应) 四、拓展用法 经济术语：float(n.流通货币：浮动汇率) 3:distressing 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.) 核心义：ad.使人痛苦的；令人苦恼的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：stress(n.压力) 动词：distress/dr'stres/(v.使痛苦；使忧虑) 名词：distress(n.痛苦；危难) 形容词：distressing（由distress+-ing构成，表主动意义) 三、必记搭配与例句 修饰事物，不修饰人：distressing news(令人悲痛的消息)；a distressing situation(令人 苦恼的处境) 副词搭配：deeply distressing(深感痛苦的) 四、重点辨析 distressing vs.distressed:distressing(令人痛苦的，形容事物)；distressed(感到痛苦的， 形容人) 4:predator 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.捕食者；捕食性动物 一、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：prey(n.猎物v捕食) 动词：predate /'pri:dert/（v.捕食；早于…存在) 形容词：predatory/'predatri/(adj.捕食性的；掠夺性的) 三、必记搭配与例句 生态术语搭配：natural predator(自然天敌)；predator--prey relationship(捕食者-猎物关 系) 比喻用法：a predator in business(商界掠夺者) 四、拓展记忆 近义词：hunter(猎人)：反义词：prey(猎物) 5:collapse 核心考点 词性：动词(v)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.(突然)倒塌，坍塌；n.(机构等的)突然失败，倒闭 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：collapsible /ka'lapsabl/（adj.可折叠的；易倒塌的) 三、必记搭配与例句 动词用法：不及物：The bridge collapsed under the weight.（桥坍塌了。)；及物：collapse a plan(使计划失败) 名词用法：economic collapse(经济崩溃)：the collapse of the company(公司倒闭) 四、重点辨析 collapse vs..fall:collapse强调”突然垮塌，fal侧重”从高处落下 6:association 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.联想；联系；联合；合伙 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：associate/a'saufiert//(v.联想；交往) 形容词：associated(adj.相关的；联合的) 三、必记搭配与例句 固定短语：in association with(与…联合)；association ofideas(联想) 介词搭配：association with sb./sth.（与…的联系)：I have no association with the project. 四、拓展用法 缩写：ASSN(用于组织名称) 7;prohibit 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.(尤指以法令)禁止 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：prohibition/,preuhI'bn/(n.禁止；禁令) 形容词：prohibited(adj.被禁止的) 三、必记搭配与例句 固定句型：prohibit sb.from doing sth.(禁止某人做某事)；Smoking is prohibited here. 四、重点辨析 prohibit vs.forbid:prohibit(官方法律禁止，语气强)：forbid(个人或权威禁止，语气 较弱) 常见错误：误用：prohibit to do sth.（正确：prohibit doing sth.) 8:monstrous 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.丑恶的；骇人的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：monster/mpnsta(r)/(n.怪物；恶魔) 副词：monstrously(adv.可怕地；极其) 、 必记搭配与例句 修饰事物或行为：monstrous cruelty(骇人听闻的残忍)；a monstrous lie(弥天大谎) 夸张用法：monstrous appetite(极大的胃口) 四、拓展记忆 近义词：horrible,hideous;反义词：lovely,beautiful 9:statistic 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.统计数字；统计资料 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：statistical/ste'trstrkl/（adj.统计的) 名词：statistics/sta'trstrks/(n.统计学；统计数据) 三、必记搭配与例句】 单复数差异：statistic(单个统计数据，可数)；statistics(统计数据总称/统计学，不可 数) 常见短语：vital statistics（人口统计；个人三围)；according to statistics(根据统计数据) 四、重点辨析 statistic vs.data:statistic强调”经过分析的数字”；data泛指”原始数据” 10:recreation 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.娱乐；消遣；娱乐活动 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：recreate/,rekri'et/(v.重现；娱乐) 形容词：recreational/rekri'ernl/(adj.娱乐的) 三、 必记搭配与例句 不可数名词：outdoor recreation(户外娱乐)；recreation center（娱乐中心) 固定短语：recreation ground(游乐场) 四、重点辨析 recreation vs..entertainment:recreation侧重”个人放松活动”；entertainment侧重？公共娱 乐表演” 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The company announced its bankruptcy last month;_,many employees lost their jobs. A)meanwhile B)meantime C)however D)therefore 2.The old bridge under the heavy rain last night. A)fell B)collapsed C)dropped D)sank 3.It is to see children suffering from hunger in war zones. A)distressed B)distressing C)stressing D)stressful 4.The local government has_smoking in all public buildings. A)forbidden B)banned C)prohibited D)prevented 5.The research focuses on the_-prey relationship in the African savanna. A)predator B)hunter C)killer D)attacker 6.According to the latest_,the unemployment rate has decreased by 2%. A)data B)statistics C)statistic D)number 7.The_of the charity with the local hospital helped improve medical services A)association B)connection C)relation D)union 8.Her_appetite surprised everyone at the dinner party. A)huge B)monstrous C)large D)vast 9.The boat gently on the calm surface of the lake. A)floated B)swam C)drifted D)sailed 10.Hiking and cycling are popular forms of outdoor- A)entertainment B)recreation C)amusement D)relaxation (二)根据提示补全句子(6题) 1.The sudden_(collapse)of the building caused panic in the neighborhood. 2.She felt deeply(distress)when she heard the news of her friend's accident. 3.The (associate)between the two companies dates back to the 1990s. 4.The government issued a(prohibit)on the sale of wild animals 5.(statistic)shows that over 60%of students prefer online learning. 6.The park offers various_(recreation)facilities for children and adults. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.M,the teacher was preparing the lesson plan while the students were doing their home- work. 2.The leaves f down the river and disappeared into the distance. 3.The d news of the earthquake left many families in sorrow. 4.Lions and tigers are typical p in the animal kingdom. 5.The economic c in 2008 affected countries around the world 6.The A of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)promotes regional cooperation. 7.The sign clearly states that parking is p in this area. 8.The novel describes a mcrime that shocked the small town 9.R activities such as reading and painting help people relax after work 10.The report includes detailed s_on population growth and aging. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB B CA B ABAB 解析1（第1题）： 考查meanwhile的用法。meanwhile表示”与此同时”，符合句意”公司上个月宣布破产； 与此同时，许多员工失去了工作”；meantime多用于in the meantime短语，however表 示转折，herefore表示结果，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查collapse的用法。collapse强调”突然倒塌”，符合句意”那座I旧桥在昨晚的大雨中 坍塌了”；fe1侧重”从高处落下”，dropped表示”掉落”，sank表示”下沉”，均不符合语 境，故选B。 解析3（第3题）： 考查distressing的用法。distressing修饰事物，表示”令人痛苦的”，符合句意看到战区 儿童挨饿是令人痛苦的”；distressed修饰人，stressing和stressful不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.collapse 2.distressed 3.association 4.prohibition 5.Statistics 6.recreational 3.首字母填空答案： 1.Meanwhile 2.floated 3.distressing 4.predators 5.collapse 6.Association 7.prohibited 8. monstrous 9.Recreational 10.statistics 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit3 Food and ethics一