Unit 3 Food and ethics二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit3 Foodan dethics二 一、 重点单词详解 1:monitor 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)/名词(n.) 核心义：v,监视；检查；跟踪调查；n.班长 、 必记搭配与例句 monitor sb./sth.(监视/检查某人/某物)：The teacher asked the class monitor to monitor the students'attendance during the meeting. monitor the situation(监控形势)：We need to monitor the situation closely. monitor progress（跟踪进展)：The manager monitors progress regularly. 三、重点辨析 易混淆词：monster/mpnsta(/(n.怪物)，注意词尾发音和含义区别。 2:sympathy 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n) 核心义：n.同情 二、必记搭配与例句 express sympathy for sb.(向某人表示同情)：People around the world expressed sympathy for the victims of the natural disaster. have sympathy for sb.（同情某人)：She has sympathy for those in need, out of sympathy(出于同情)：We helped him out of sympathy 三、重点用法 形容词：sympathetic/.smpa'0etk(adj.同情的；赞同的) 副词：sympathetically/,smpa'0etrkli/(adv.同情地) 动词：sympathize/'sImpa0az/(vi.同情；赞同) 3:numerous 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.众多的；许多的 二、必记搭配与例句 numerous+可数名词复数：Numerous visitors come to the museum every day,especially during holidays. numerous books（许多书)：The library has numerous books on history numerous people(许多人)：Numerous people attended the concert. 三、 重点辨析 numerous VS many VS a lot of:numerous较正式，强调数量多到难以计数，修饰可数名 词复数；many为常用词，可修饰可数名词复数；alot of口语化，既可修饰可数名词复 数也可修饰不可数名词。 4:cruel 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.引起痛苦的；残酷的：冷酷的；残忍的 二、必记搭配与例句 be cruel to sb./sth.(对某人/某物残忍的)：It is cruel of you to kick the poor dog: a cruel1 emark(无情的话)：His cruel remark hurt her feelings cruel treatment ()Cruelty to animals is punishable by law in many countries. 重点用法 副词：cruelly/'kru:eli/(adv.残酷地；残忍地) 名词：cruelty/ku:ali/(n.残忍；残酷行为) 5:destruction 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n摧毁；毁灭；破坏 二、必记搭配与例句 cause destruction（造成破坏)：The destruction of the old building was caused by the heavy storm. the destruction of sth.（某物的毁灭)：The earthquake caused widespread destruction in the city center environmental destruction(环境破坏)：We must prevent environmental destruction. 三、重点用法 动词：destroy/d'stroI/(vt.摧毁；毁灭；破坏) 形容词：destructive/dI'straktrv/(ad.破坏性的；毁灭性的) 6:arouse 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.激起，引起（感情、态度） 一、 必记搭配与例句 arouse+情感类名词：The funny story aroused the children's interest immediately.. arouse interest(引起兴趣)：His speech aroused the anger of the audience arouse suspicion(☑引起怀疑)：The movie's ending aroused many questions among the viewers 三、重点辨析 arouse VS rise VS raise:arouse为及物动词，意为”激起（情感、兴趣等)”；ise为不及 物动词，意为”上升；升起；ise为及物动词，意为”举起；提高；筹集”。 7:extract 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)/名词(n.) 核心义：v.提取；提炼；n提取物；选段 必记搭配与例句 extract sth.from sth.(从某物中提取某物)：Scientists are trying to extract oil from plants to reduce pollution extract oil from plants(从植物中提取油)：The doctor extracted a tooth for the patient yesterday. extract information(获取信息)：The factory uses advanced technology to extract useful materials from waste. 三、重点用法 注意动词和名词发音不同，动词重音在第二个音节ksεkt,名词重音在第一个音节 /'ekstraekt/。 8:shortage 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.不足；缺少；短缺 必记搭配与例句 a shortage of sth.（某物的短缺)：The country is facing a serious shortage of fresh water due to drought. water shortage(水资源短缺)：The shortage of medical supplies forced the hospital to ask for help. food shortage（食品短缺)：Food shortage is a serious problem in some areas. 三、重点辨析 shortage VS lack:shortage指某物供应不足或数量不够，常与of搭配；lack既可作动词 也可作名词，作名词时可与of搭配，也可用于for lack of(因缺乏…)。 9:expansion 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.扩张；扩展：扩大 必记搭配与例句 territorial expansion(领土扩张)：The expansion of the factory will create more job opportu nities economic expansion（经济扩张)：The rapid expansion of the city has led to traffic problems. the expansion of the city(城市的扩展)：The company plans to expand its business into European markets next year. 三、重点用法 动词：expand /ik'spaend/(v.扩大；扩张；膨胀) 形容词：expansive /ik'spaensrv/(adj.广阔的；扩张的；健谈的) 10:cuisine 、 核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.烹饪；风味；饭菜；菜肴 二、必记搭配与例句 Chinese cuisine(中国菜；中国烹饪)：French cuisine is famous for its rich flavors and elegant presentation French cuisine(法国菜)：Trying local cuisine is one of the best ways to experience a new culture local cuisine(地方风味菜肴)：We enjoyed the local cuisine during our trip. 三、重点用法 注意发音，不要与”cousin?”/kz/(堂兄弟姐妹；表兄弟姐妹)混淆。cuisine为不可数 名词，但表示某种具体的烹饪风格 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The teacher asked the class_to monitor the students'attendance during the meeting A)monitor B)monster C)monitor's D)monitoring 2.People around the world expressed for the victims of the natural disaster. A)sympathetic B)sympathy C)sympathize D)sympathetically 3.visitors come to the museum every day,especially during holidays. A)Numerous B)Many C)Alot of D)Much 4.It is of you to kick the poor dog. A)cruelty B)cruel C)cruelly D)cruelest 5.Theof the old building was caused by the heavy storm A)destructive B)destroy C)destruction D)destructively 6.The funny storythe children's interest immediately. A)rose B)raised C)aroused D)arisen 7.Scientists are trying tooil from plants to reduce pollution. A)extract B)expand C)arouse D)destroy 8.The country is facing a seriousof fresh water due to drought A)lack B)shortage C)short D)shorten 9.The company plans to its business into European markets next year. A)expansion B)expansive C)expand D)expanding 10.French is famous for its rich flavors and elegant presentation A)cousin B)cuisine C)cook D)kitchen (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.She has a_(sympathy)nature and always helps those in need. 2.The war brought(destroy)to the whole region. 3.The government is taking measures to prevent environmental(destructive). 4.His speech(arouse)the anger of the audience. 5.The(expand)of the factory will create more job opportunities 6.The doctor(extract)a tooth for the patient yesterday 7.-(cruel)to animals is punishable by law in many countries. 8.The team needs to(monitor)the project progress closely. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.As the class m,Lily is responsible for keeping order in the classroom 2.Out ofs,we decided to help the homeless man find a shelter. 3.The library has n books on history,covering different periods 4.It is c to laugh at people with disabilities. 5.The earthquake caused widespread d in the city center. 6.The movie's ending a many questions among the viewers. 7.The factory uses advanced technology to euseful materials from waste. 8.The sof medical supplies forced the hospital to ask for help. 9.The rapid eof the city has led to traffic problems. 10.Trying local c is one of the best ways to experience a new culture. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B A B CC A B C B 解析1（第1题）： 考查monitor的用法。monitor作名词表示”班长”，符合句意”老师让班长在会议期间监 督学生出勤；monster表示”怪物，monitor's和monitoring不符合语法，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查sympathy的用法。express sympathy for sb.表示”向某人表示同情”，符合句意”世 界各地的人们对自然灾害的受害者表示同情”；sympathetic是形容词，sympathize是动 词，sympathetically是副词，均不符合语法，故选B。 解析3（第6题）： 考查arouse的用法。arouse interest表示”引起兴趣”，符合句意”这个有趣的故事立即引 起了孩子们的兴趣”；ise是不及物动词，1aise表示”举起”，arisen是过去分词，均不符 合语境，故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.sympathetic 2.destruction 3.destruction 4.aroused 5.expansion 6.extracted 7.Cruelty 8. monitor 3.首字母填空答案： 1.monitor 2.sympathy 3.numerous 4.cruel 5.destruction 6.aroused 7.extract 8.shortage 9.expansion 10.cuisine 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit3 Food and ethics二