Unit 2 Digital humans三-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第二册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit2 Digitalh um ans.三 一、 重点单词详解 1:clarify 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：ⅴ.使更清晰易懂；阐明 二、构词法 词根：clar(=clear,清晰的) 后缀：-if（动词后缀，表使…) 派生词：clarification/,klarefi'kerfn/(n.澄清；说明) 三、词汇变形与搭配 第三人称单数：clarifies 过去式/过去分词：clarified 现在分词：clarifying 常见搭配： clarify sth.tosb.(向某人阐明某事) clarify the situation(澄清局势) clarify one's position(阐明立场) 四、重点辨析 clarify vs.explain:clarify侧重”使模糊的事物变清晰”，如clarify a misunderstanding（澄 清误解)；explain侧重”解释原因或过程”，如explain the rules(解释规则)。 2:constant 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.不断的：连续发生的；恒定的 二、构词法 词根：const（=stand,站立)+-ant（形容词后缀，表示”处于…状态的) 派生词：constantly/'konstantli/(adv.不断地)；constancy/konstansi/(n.持续性；忠诚) 三、 词汇变形与搭配 副词：constantly(She is constantly changing her mind.她总是改变主意。) 常见搭配： constant+n.:constant noise(持续的噪音)：constant temperature(恒定温度) be constant in sth.:be constant in one's efforts（坚持不解) 四、重点辨析 constant vs.continual vs.continuous: -constant强调'频繁重复”（如constant interruptions): -continual强调’有间断的连续？（如continual1ain,时断时续的雨）； -continuous强调”无间断的连续”（如continuous f1ow,连续流动）。 3:withdraw 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.退出；脱离；撤回；取款 二、构词法 前缀：wih-(向后；相反)+daw(拉，拖)→”向后拉”→退出 过去式/过去分词：withdrew/wI'd:/:withdrawn/w'dro:n 三、词汇变形与搭配 名词：withdrawal/wI'dro:al/(n.撤退；取款；戒断) 常见搭配： withdraw from:withdraw from the competition(退出比赛)；withdraw from society(脱离 社会) withdraw sth.from:withdraw money from the bank（从银行取款)；withdraw a statement (撤▣声明) 四、拓展用法 被动语态：be withdrawn from use(被停止使用) 4:compatible 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.相容的；兼容的；能和睦相处的 二、构词法 前缀：com-(共同)+pat(=suffer,忍受)+-ible（形容词后缀，”可…的)→”能共 同忍受的”→相容的 派生词：compatibility /kom,patbrlati/(n.兼容性)；incompatible/,Inkam'patobl/(adj, 不兼容的) 三、常见搭配 be compatible with:The software is compatible with Windows.(该软件与Windows兼容。) be compatible with sb.:She's compatible with her colleagues.(她和同事相处融洽。) 5:desperate 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.极想的；渴望的；（因绝望而）不顾一切的 二、构词法 词根：despair(n.绝望)+-ate（形容词后缀) 派生词：desperately/desperatli/(adv.极度地；绝望地)；desperation/,desp3'rern/(n.绝 望) 三、词汇变形与搭配 副词：desperately(He desperately needed help.他急需帮助。) 常见搭配： be desperate for sth.:be desperate for success(渴望成功) be desperate to do sth.:be desperate to escape（急于逃跑) desperate measures::极端手段（如take desperate measures to survive采取极端手段求生） 四、重点辨析 desperate vs.eager:desperate含”因绝望而迫切”的意味，eager仅表示”积极渴望”，无 消极色彩。 6:reverse 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.)、形容词(ad.) 核心义：v.颠倒：使完全相反；n.相反情况；adj.相反的 二、构词法 前缀：re-(向后；相反)+verse(tm,转动)→”反向转动”→颠倒 派生词：reversal'v3:sl/(n.颠倒；逆转)：reversible /I'v3:sabl/(adj.可逆转的) 三、词汇变形与搭配 词性转换： -动词：reverse the order(颠倒顺序) -名词：the reverse of success(成功的反面) -形容词：reverse side(反面) 常见搭配 in reverse: 相反地(The car drove away in reverse.汽车倒车开走了。) reverse the decision(撤销决定) reverse the trend(扭转趋势) 7:mechanical 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.机械般的；呆头呆脑的；机械驱动的 二、构词法 词根：machine(n.机器)+-ical(形容词后缀，表示.…的) 派生词：mechanic/ma'kaenrk/(n.机械师)；mechanics/m3 kaenrks/(n.力学；机械学) 三、词汇变形与搭配 名词：mechanics(the mechanics of the system系统的运作机制) 常见搭配： mechanical+n.:mechanical work(机械工作)；nechanical movement(机械运动) mechanical smile(呆板的微笑)；mechanical memory(机械记忆) 四、拓展用法 反义词：non-mechanical(非机械的) 8:neutral 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.中立的；中性的；n.中立者 构词法 词根：neutr(neither,两者都不)+-al(形容词后缀) 派生词：neutrality/nju:'traelati/(n.中立)：neutralize/'nju:trolarz/(v.使中立；中和) 三、词汇变形与搭配 名词：neutral(The country remained a neutral during the war.该国在战争中保持中立。) 常见搭配： be neutral in sth.:be neutral in the conflict(在冲突中保持中立) neutral color(中性色，如灰色、白色) neutral position(中立立场) 四、重点辨析 neutral vs.objective:neutral侧重”不偏向任何一方”，objective侧重”客观、不带偏见 (如objective analysis客观分析)。 9:absorb 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：ⅴ.吸引全部注意力；吸收（液体/光/热等） 二、构词法 前缀：b-(强调)+sob(吸收)→吸收：吸引 派生词：absorption /ab'spnl(n.吸收；专注)；absorbent/ab'so:bent/(adj.能吸收的) 三、词汇变形与搭配 名词：absorption(the absorption of knowledge知识的吸收) 常见搭配： absorb sb.s attention:The book absorbed her attention.(这本书吸引了她的注意力。) absorb into:Water is absorbed into the soil..(水被土壤吸收。) be absorbed in(doing)sth.:be absorbed in reading(全神贯注于阅读) 四、重点辨析 absorb vs.attract:absorb强调完全占据注意力”，attract仅表示”引起注意”。 10: inaccurate 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.不准确的 二、构词法 前缀：in-(否定)+accurate（adj.准确的) 派生词：accurate/'ekjarat/(adj.准确的)；accuracy/'ekjorasi/(n.准确性) 三、词汇变形与搭配 反义词：accurate(准确的) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The manager held a meeting to_the new company policy to all employees A)clarify B)explain C)declare D)announce 2.The noise from the construction site next door made it hard to concentrate. A)constant B)continual C)continuous D)consecutive 3.Due to unexpected circumstances,the team decided to_from the competition. A)withdraw B)retreat C)quit D)abandon 4.This smartphone app is not_with older operating systems. A)compatible B)comparable C)competitive D)consistent 5.The lost hiker was_for water after being stranded in the desert for three days. A)desperate B)eager C)anxious D)keen 6.To solve the problem,we need to_the order of the steps and try again. A)reverse B)oppose C)invert D)contradict 7.Hissmile and robotic movements made him seem unapproachable. A)mechanical B)automatic C)artificial D)manual 8.Switzerland remainedduring World War II and did not take sides A)neutral B)objective C)impartial D)fair 9.The black holes in space can_all nearby matter and energy. A)absorb B)attract C)consume D)swallow 10.The report was criticized for containing_data that misled the public. A)inaccurate B)incorrect C)invalid D)false (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The teacher asked Tom to give a(clarify)of his confusing answer 2.She checks her phone(constant)even during meetings. 3.The(withdraw)of the troops from the region brought temporary peace. 4.The success of the project depends on the(compatible)of different team members. 5.In a state of(desperate),he tried to break open the locked door. 6.The_(reverse)of the decision was met with widespread approval. 7.The_(mechanic)of the machine requires regular maintenance to function properly. 8.The country's(neutral)was respected by both warring parties. 9.The_(absorb)ofnutrients from food is essential for good health. 10.The joumalist apologized for the_(accurate)in her article about the event. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.It's important to cyour goals clearly before starting a project. 2.The baby's ccrying kept the whole family awake all night 3.After the argument,she decided to w from the discussion to calm down. 4.This software is cwith most devices on the market. 5.The villagers were d for rain after months of drought. 6.Pressing this button will r the direction of the machine's rotation. 7.His m response to the question suggested he wasn't truly listening. 8.The judge remained n and refused to express any personal opinions 9.Plants a sunlight and convert it into energy through photosynthesis. 10.The map was i,leading us to take the wrong path. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAAAAAAAAA 2.补全句子答案： 1.clarification 2.constantly 3.withdrawal 4.compatibility 5.desperation 6.reversal 7.me- chanics 8.neutrality 9.absorption 10.inaccuracy 3.首字母填空答案： 1.clarify 2.constant 3.withdraw 4.compatible 5.desperate 6.reverse 7.mechanical 8.neu- tral 9.absorb 10.inaccurate 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第二册·Unit2 Digital humans三