Unit 4 The senses一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第一册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit4 Thesens es- 一、重点单词详解 1:insist 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.坚持说；坚决要求 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：sist(=stand,站立) 前缀：in-(加强意义) 名词：insistence/m'sIstens/(n.坚持：坚决主张) 形容词：insistent/In'sIstont/(adj.坚持的：迫切的) 三、用法与常见搭配 1.坚持观点/主张（后接that从句，从句用陈述语气）：insist that..(e.g.He insisted that he was innocent.) 2.坚决要求（后接that从句，从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略)：insist that sb.(should)do sth.(e.g.She insisted that we (should)leave at once.) 3.坚持做某事：insist on/upon doing sth.(e.g.He insists on going alone.) 四、重点辨析 insist vs.persist insist侧重坚持某种观点、主张或要求；persist侧重不顾困难、反对等坚持做某事，常 与in搭配(persist in doing sth.)。 2:distinguish 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.辨别；分清；使杰出 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：dis-（分开) 词根：stingu（=sting,刺) 名词：distinction/d'stmkfn/(n.区别：差别；优秀) 形容词：distinct/dr'stmkt/(adj.清晰的；明显的；不同的) 副词：distinctly/dr'st恤ktli/(adv.清晰地；明显地) 三、 常见搭配 1.A B:distinguish A from B (e.g.It's hard to distinguish the two twins from each other.) 2.:distinguish between A and B (e.g.Can you distinguish between right and wrong?) 3.因…而出名/杰出：be distinguished for(e.g.The city is distinguished for its beautiful scenery.) 4.作为…而杰出：be distinguished as(e.g.He is distinguished as a scientist.) 3:perceive 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V,察觉到；洞察；认为 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：per-(完全) 词根：ceive(take,拿，取) 名词：perception /p3'sepn/(n.感知；认识；看法) 形容词：perceptive/pa'septrv/(adj.有洞察力的；感知力强的) 三、常见搭配 l.察觉到某事：perceive sth.(e.g.I perceived a change in his attitude.) 2.认为…是：perceive sb./sth.as sth.（e.g.He is perceived as a reliable person.） 3.察觉到某人做某事：perceive sb.doing sth.(e.g.She perceived him looking at her..) 四、重点辨析 perceive vs.see perceive强调通过感官或思维”察觉、洞察”，比see更正式、更强调心理过程see侧重 用眼睛看到的结果。 4:sensitive 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.灵敏的；善解人意的；敏感的 构词法（词性转换） 词根：sense(n.感觉；感官v.感觉到) 副词：sensitively/'sensotrvli/(ad.灵敏地；善解人意地) 名词：sensitivity/,senso'trvati/(n.敏感性；灵敏度) 动词：sensitize/sensatarz/(v.使敏感；使意识到) 三、 常见搭配 l.对…敏感：be sensitive to sth.（e.g.She is sensitive to cold.) 2.体贴…的：be sensitive to sb.'s feelings(e.g.You should be more sensitive to her feel- ings.) 3.敏感的话题：a sensitive topic(e.g.Religion is a sensitive topic in some countries.) 四、重点辨析 sensitive vs.sensible sensitive表示敏感的；灵敏的”；sensible表示”明智的；合理的”(e.g.a sensible decision)。 5:exceptionally 、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.特别：非常：例外地 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：exception(n.例外) 形容词：exceptional /ik'sepfanl/(adj.杰出的；异常的；例外的) 名词：exception /ik'cep/(n.例外) 动词：except /ik'sept/(prep.除…之外V.把…除外) 二、 常见搭配 l.非常…：exceptionally+adj./adv.(e.g.He is exceptionally clever./She sings excep- tionally well. 2.作为例外：with the exception of(-except for,e.g.All the students passed the exam,with the exception of Tom.) 四、用法 exceptionally是程度副词，用于修饰形容词或副词，表示程度”特别，非常”，语气比 vey强。 6:somewhat “、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.稍微；有点儿 二、常见搭配 l.有点儿：somewhat-+adj./adv.(e.g.The book is somewhat difficult for me./He walked somewhat slowly.) 2.在某种程度上：somewhat of a..(e.g.It was somewhat of a surprise to see him there.) 三、重点辨析 somewhat vs.a little vs.slightly 三者都可表示”稍微，有点儿，somewhat语气较正式，常用于书面语；a little和slightly 较口语化，a little可修饰不可数名词，somewhat和slightly不可。(e.g.a little water) 7:texture 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.口感；质地；结构 构词法（词性转换） 词根：text(weave,编织) 形容词：textural/tekstfaral/（adj.质地的；结构的) 三、常见搭配 l.…的▣感/质地：the texture of.（e.g.The texture of the cake is very soft./I like the texture of this fabric. 2.口感好/差：good/bad texture(e.g.This apple has a good texture.) 8:appetite 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.食欲；胃口；欲望 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：pet(seek,追求) 动词：appetize/'eprtarz/(v.刺激食欲；使开胃) 形容词：appetizing/'eprtarz/(ad.开胃的；诱人的) 三、常见搭配 l.有/设有食欲：have/lose an appetite(e.g.I have no appetite for breakfast..) 2.对…的欲望：appetite for sth.(e.g.He has a great appetite for knowledge.) 3.增加/减少食欲：increase/decrease one's appetite(e.g.Exercise can increase your appetite.） 4.开胃菜：appetizer/'epitaIza(t)/(n.,e.g.We ordered some appetizers before the main course.) 9:detect 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v发觉；察觉；探测 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：de-(去掉，离开) 词根：tect(=cover,覆盖) 名词：detection/dr'tekfn/(n.探测；察觉；侦查) 名词：detective/dr'tektrv/(n.侦探ad.侦探的) 形容词：detectable/dr'tektabl/ 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The teacher insisted that we_our homework before the weekend. A)finish B)finished C)would finish D)had finished 2.It is important to distinguish rightwrong in daily life. A)between B)from C)with D)among 3.She perceived him_at her when she turned around. A)look B)to look C)looking D)looked 4.My sister is very sensitive_cold weather,so she always wears thick clothes in winter. A)with B)to C)at D)in 5.The young pianist playedwell at the concert last night. A)exception B)exceptional C)exceptionally D)except 6.The novel is_difficult for middle school students to understand. A)somewhat B)somewhere C)somehow D)something 7.The of the silk makes it very popular among customers. A)text B)texture C)textile D)textural 8.After the long joumey,he lost his_for food and only wanted to sleep. A)appetite B)appetize C)appetizing D)appetizer 9.The police used special equipment to the hidden drugs in the car A)detect B)detection C)detective D)detectable 10.With the of John,all the students attended the meeting on time. A)except B)exception C)exceptional D)exceptionally (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.His(insist)on leaving early made us change our plan. 2.There is a clear(distinct)between the two theories. 3.Her(perceive)of the situation helped her make the right decision 4.The machine has high_(sensitive)to temperature changes. 5.She is an_(exception)talented singer and has won many awards 6.The cloth has a smooth(textural)surface 7.The delicious smell from the kitchen(appetize)me a lot. 8.The(detect)of the virus required advanced technology. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.He i that he had never seen the man before,but no one believed him 2.It is hard to d the difference between the two paintings. 3.I pa sudden change in her mood when she heard the news. 4.This material is very sto light,so it should be stored in a dark place 5.The weather was ecold yesterday,with the temperature dropping to-10C. 6.The movie was sboring,so I left halfway through 7.The cake has a soft and smooth t,which tastes very good. 8.Regular exercise can increase your afor food. 9.The sensor can deven the smallest movement in the room. 10.All the students passed the exam eTom,who was absent on the test day. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ABCBCABAAB 解析1（第1题）： 考查insist的虚拟语气用法。insist表示”坚决要求”时，后接that从句要用虚拟语气 hould+-动词原形，should可省略，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查distinguish的固定搭配。distinguish right from wrong表示”明辨是非”，是固定搭配， 故选B。 解析3（第3题）： 考查perceive的用法。perceivesb.doing sth.表示”察觉到某人正在做某事，符合句意， 故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.insistence 2.distinction 3.perception 4.sensitivity 5.exceptional 6.textural 7.appetized 8.detection 3.首字母填空答案： 1.insisted 2.distinguish 3.perceived 4.sensitive 5.exceptionally 6.somewhat 7.texture 8. appetite 9.detect 10.except 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第一册·Unit4 The senses一