Unit 4 Inspiration一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第二册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit4 Inspirati on 一、重点单词详解 1:accompany 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.陪同；陪伴；与…同时发生 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：ac-(表示”加强”)+company(n.伙伴；陪伴)→accompany(v.陪伴) 名词：accompaniment/.'kAmponimont/(n.陪伴；伴奏) 形容词：accompanying/a'kAmpanir/(adj.陪同的；伴随的) 三、用法与常见搭配 常见搭配： -accompany sb.tosp.(陪同某人去某地) -be accompanied by(由…陪同；伴有…) -accompany sth.with sth.(与…同时存在/发生) 四、重点辨析 accompany vs.attend:accompany强调'陪伴同行”，宾语通常是人；attend表示？出席 (会议、事件等)”，宾语多为event,.meeting等。 2:beam 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.光线：笑容；梁v发光；微笑：发送（信号） 构词法（一词多义） 作为名词：本义”横梁”，引申为”光线”（如光束）、”笑容”（如眉开眼笑）。 作为动词：由”发光”引申为”微笑”（面露喜色）、”发送信号”（如无线电波）。 三、常见搭配 n.搭配：a beam of light/sunlight（一束光/阳光)：a broad beam(灿烂的笑容) v.搭配：beam with joy（喜笑颜开)；beam signals（发送信号) 四、词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：beamed;现在分词：beaming 3:blank 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：ad山.空的；无标记的；茫然的n.空白处；空白表格 二、词性转换 动词：blank/blaenk/(t.使无效；忘记)→blank out(忘记；脑子一片空白) 副词：blankly/blaenkli/(茫然地；无表情地) 三、常见搭配 adj.搭配：a blank page（空白页)：a blank expression(茫然的表情) n.搭配：fill in the blanks(填空)；draw a blank(一无所获；记不起来) 四、重点辨析 blank vs..empty:blank侧重”无内容、无标记”（如空白表格)；empty强调”空间上的 空”（如空房间）。 4:nonsense 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.谬论：胡扯；无意义的话行为 二、构词法 否定前缀nom-(无；非)+sese(n.意义；理智)→无意义的话→胡扯。 、 常见搭配 动词搭配：talk nonsense(胡说八道)；make nonsense of(使…变得荒谬) 固定短语：It's nonsense to do sth.(做某事毫无意义) 四、用法 不可数名词，无复数形式，不与a/an连用。 例旬：Don't listen to his nonsense-he's just joking 5:stem ·、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（v.) 核心义：n.(花草的)茎；（问题的）根源v.阻止；起源于 二、构词法（一词多义） 名词：本义植物茎”，引申为”事物的根源（如问题的根源）。 动词：由”茎支撑植物”引申为”阻止（流动、发展），或”起源于”(stem from)。 三、常见搭配 n.搭配：the stem of a flower(花茎)：he stem of the problem(问题的根源) v.搭配：stem the flow of(阻止…的流动)：stem from(起源于；由…造成) 四、词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：stemmed;现在分词：stemming 6:amid 一、 核心考点 词性：介词(prep.) 核心义：prep.在…过程中；在…中(=among) 二、构词法 古英语on middan(在中间)→简化为amid,强调”在复杂或动态环境中”。 三、用法与辨析 amid vs.among:anid后接不可数名词或抽象概念（如困难、噪音)；among后接可数 名词复数（如人群、物体）。 例句：Amid all the noise,I couldn't hear her.（在嘈杂声中) Among the students,she is the tallest.(在学生中) 四、常见搭配 amid chaos（在混乱中)；amid fears(在担忧中)；amid speculation（在猜测中) 7:hint 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.暗示；提示v暗示；示意 二、词性转换 动词：hint/hmnt/(i./t.暗示)→hint at sth.(暗示某事) 名词：hint(c.n.暗示；建议)→a hint of(一丝；少许) 三、常见搭配 n.搭配：give/drop a hint(给暗示)；take a hint(领会暗示)；a hint of doubt(一丝怀疑) v.搭配：hint that..(暗示…)；hint at doing sth.(暗示做某事) 四、重点辨析 hint vs.imply:hint侧重”间接提示”，常与at连用；imply强调”含蓄表达”，不接介词， 直接接that从句。 8:pessimistic 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：pessimism/'pesimizam/(n.悲观主义) 名词：pessimist/pesimist/(n.悲观者) 反义词：optimistic/,Dpt'mIstrk/(adj.乐观的) 三、常见搭配 be pessimistic about(对…悲观) 例句：He is pessimistic about the future of the pr'oject.. 四、词汇变形 副词：pessimistically/,pesr'mistrkli/ 9:ambitious 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.有野心的；有雄心的；有挑战性的 构词法 名词：ambition/emb虹/(n.野心；雄心) 动词：ambition/em'brn/(t.热望；追求)→较少见，多用作名词。 三、常见搭配 be ambitious for sth.(渴望某物)；be ambitious to do sth.(渴望做某事) 派生形容词：overambitious(野心太大的) 四、重点辨析 ambitious vs..eager:ambitious侧重”有远大目标”，常含褒义；eager强调”急于做某事， 侧重情绪上的急切。 10:humble 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山.)、动词(v.) 核心义：adj.谦逊的；卑微的；简陋的t.使谦卑；贬低 词性转换 副词：humbly/'hambli/(谦逊地；卑微地) 名词：humbleness/'hamblnes/(谦逊；卑微) 三、常见搭配 adj.搭配：a humble attitude(谦逊的态度)：a humble home(简陋的家) v.搭配：be humbled by(因…而谦卑)；humble oneself(谦卑行事) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：eat humble pie（认错；赔罪) 例句：He had to eat humble pie when he realized his mistake. 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择（10题) 1.The singer was_by her manager during the press conference. A)accompanied B)attended C)accompanied with D)attended to 2.A bright of sunlight came through the window,lighting up the room. A)blank B)beam C)stem D)hint 3.When asked about his plans,he had aexpression,as if he knew nothing. A)blank B)empty C)humble D)pessimistic 4.Don't waste time on such_no one will believe these lies A)hints B)stems C)nonsense D)beams 5.The problem from a lack of communication between the two teams. A)stems B)beams C)hints D)blanks 6.all the challenges,she never gave up her dream of becoming a doctor. A)Among B)Amid C)Accompany D)Humble 7.The teacherthat we should review the vocabulary list before the test. A)hinted B)implied C)attended D)stemmed 8.She is__about her chances of winning the competition,but we still support her. A)ambitious B)humble C)pessimistic D)nonsense 9.Hisattitude won him respect from both colleagues and students. A)ambitious B)humble C)blank D)pessimistic 10.The project requires_planning and hard work to achieve the goal. A)humble B)empty C)ambitious D)nonsense (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The (accompany)_of the piano made her singing more beautiful. 2.He (beam)with pride when he saw his daughter receive the award. 3.She looked at me (blank),unable to understand the question. 4.The(origin）of the custom can be traced back to the 18 th century.(提示：stem的派生 词) 5.There was a (hint)of sadness in her voice when she talked about leaving 6.The government is taking measures to (stem)the spread of the disease. 7.(Amid)the excitement of the crowd,the athletes walked into the stadium 8.Itis(sense)_to spend so much money on something you don't need.(提示：nonsense的 反义词相关) (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Children under 12 must be a by an adult in the museum. 2.The old man sat in the sun,with a broad bon his face 3.Please fill in the bspaces in the form with your personal information. 4.Stop talking n-I have no time to listen to your lies. 5.The s_of the rose is covered with thorns,so be careful when picking it. 6.A the noise of the traffic,she managed to hear someone call her name. 7.The teacher gave a h_about the key points that would be tested tomorrow. 8.Being pabout the future won't help-we need to take action now. 9.Although he is successful,he remains hand never looks down on others. 10.The river's name sfrom an old legend about a brave warrior (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B A C A B A C B C 2.补全句子答案： 1.accompaniment 2.beamed 3.blankly 4.stem 5.hint 6.stem 7.Amid 8.nonsensical 3.首字母填空答案： 1.accompanied 2.beam 3.blank 4.nonsense 5.stem 6.Amid 7.hint 8.pessimistic 9.hum- ble 10.stems 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第二册·Unit4 Inspiration一