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Unit 1
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七年级英语下册·新教材译林版
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单元学习目标
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单元知识图谱
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核心词汇
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重点短语
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单元语法
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综合训练
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主题写作
目 录
学习目标
通过图片,了解不同类型的房屋和家。
一
阅读来自不同国家的学生的博客,了解不同国家的房屋,以及对自己的家的看法。
二
学习基数词和序数词的不同用法,并且恰当地运用在日常生活中。
三
通过阅读,归纳出不同房屋的特点,以及梳理出描写梦想之家的句型,写出自己的梦想的家园。
四
听相关材料,提取不同人对于自己家的房屋的不同观点。
五
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单元知识图谱
Home
短语
三会
四会
mobile, town, west, hundred, study, bedroom, own, south, view, mile, relax, living room, village, next to, yard, hen, collect, firework, zero, square, metre, number, million, calendar, east, stone, hold, hold up, wind, south-west, bamboo, ground, north, tent, wood, build, fishing, dry, ride, centre, bathroom, smell, sky
cottage, farmhouse, mobile home, town house, relaxing, balcony, ahlan, carpet, BBQ, seaside, seagrass, grassland
单词
句型
2. the first to do sth , would like to do sth
1. 基数词+长度单位+ from + 某个地点
mobile home, town house, living room, next to, square metre, lunar calendar, hold up, ground floor,
语法
基数词和序数词
写作
英语短文:My dream home
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核心词汇
n.农场住宅,农舍
adj.可移动的
n.活动住房
n.镇,市镇
n.联排式住宅
n., adj.&adv. 西方;西方的;向西
num.许多,大量;一百
n.书房
adj.令人放松的,轻松的
n.卧室
adj.&pron.自己的,本人的
n., adj.&adv. 南方;南方的;向南
farmhouse
mobile
mobile home
town
town house
west
hundred
study
relaxing
bedroom
own
south
n.风景;看法
n.英里
vi.放松,休息
n.客厅,起居室
n.村庄,村镇
prep.紧邻,在...近旁
n.院子
n.母鸡
vt.收集,采集
n.烟火,烟花
num.零
adj.平方
view
mile
relax
living room
village
next to
yard
hen
collect
firework
zero
square
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核心词汇
n. 米
n.号码;数字;数量
num.一百万
n.历法;日历
n.海边,海滨
n., adj.&adv.东方;东方的;向东
n.石头;石块
n.海草
vi.承受住,坚持住
n.风,气流
n., adj.& adv.西南方;西南方的; 向西南方
n.竹,竹子
metre / meter
number
million
calendar
seaside
east
stone
seagrass
hold
wind
south-west
bamboo
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n.底层,一楼
n.草原,草地,草场
n., adj.&adv.北方;北方的;向北
n.帐篷
n.木,木头
vi.&vt.建筑,建造
n.钓鱼,捕鱼业(或活动)
adj.干燥的,干的
vt.&vi.骑;驾驶;搭乘 n.(乘车、骑马等的)短途旅程
n.(市镇的)中心区;中心
n.浴室;<美>卫生间
vt.闻,嗅(气味) n.气味
n.天空
核心词汇
ground floor
grassland
north
tent
wood
build
fishing
dry
ride
centre/ center
bathroom
smell
sky
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核心词汇
1.Everybody has their own home.每个人都有自己的家。
It’s a room of my own.这是我自己的房间。
own (owner主人)
(1) v. 拥有 。I own a lot of money. = I have a lot of money. 我有很多钱。
(2) adj. /pron.自己的
on one’s own = alone = by oneself 独自
I am going to go to Shanghai on my own. 我打算自己去上海。
of one’s own ...自己的
The room is of my own. 这个房间是我自己的。
核心词汇
2.Learn about different kinds of home life.了解不同种类的家庭生活。
Different types of houses.不同类型的房子。
1) different kinds of = all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”,如:
My sister likes to collect different kinds of stamps. 我妹妹喜欢收集不同种类的邮票。
2) different types of 意为“不同类型的”,与 “different kinds of” 意思相近,type意为“类型,种类”,如:
Different types of birds come to this area every year.
每年都有不同种类的鸟来到这个地区。
核心词汇
3. I live in a town house in the west of the London.我住在伦敦西部的一座联排别墅里。
A is west of B =A is in the west of B A在B的西面
Nanjing is west of Shanghai = Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai. 南京在上海的西部。
1) 表示方位的介词in, on与to 的区别
in:某一地区之内的地方(在该范围之内)
Fujian is in the southeast of China. 福建在中国的东北部。
to:表示两地相隔,无接壤用to
Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。
on:表示两地相邻,接壤用on
Russia is on the north of China. 俄罗斯在中国的北部。
2) 表示方位名词+-ern 构成表示方位形容词
northern adj. 北方的 southern adj. 南方的
western adj. 西方的 eastern. adj. 东方的
核心词汇
4. My family lives in the south of Beijing. 我的家人住在北京的南部。
【精讲】family, home和house的区别
1) family:是可数名词,有单复数形式。
当它表示家庭这个整体时,谓语动词用单数;
His family is very large.他的家庭很大。
当强调家庭成员时,谓语动词用复数。
My family are watching TV.我的家人正在看电视。
2) home:更强调一种情感上的、抽象的家的概念,它不仅仅是一个居住的地方,还包含了归属感、温暖、安全等情感因素,是心灵的港湾。
East or west, home is best.金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。
3) house:主要指房屋、住宅,是一个具体的建筑物,侧重于物质层面的居住场所。
They live in a big house.他们住在一所大房子里。
核心词汇
5. I like to look at the nice view of the city there. 我喜欢在那里看城市的美景。
1) “view” 常见作名词,意为 “看法;观点;视野;景色”。如:
In my view, we should start early.( “view” 表示 “看法;观点” )
The view from the top of the mountain is wonderful.( “view” 表示 “景色”)
The house has a view of the sea.( “view” 表示 “视野” )
2) “view” 还可作动词,意为 “把…… 视为;观看;查看”。如:
We view him as a good friend.( “view...as...” 是 “把…… 视为……” 的意思)
They are viewing a movie.( “view” 表示 “观看”)
The police viewed the scene of the crime.( “view” 表示 “查看”)
“in one's view ”:在某人看来,相当于 “in one's opinion”。
In her view, the plan is not practical.
“have a good view of ”:能清楚地看到。
We had a good view of the stage from our seats.
“view...as...”:把…… 看作……,认为…… 是……。
People view him as a hero.
核心词汇
6. I live in a town 15 miles from London. 我住在离伦敦15英里远的一个小镇上。
基数词+mile(s)+(away)+from+地点,表示“离某地多少英里”,away可以省略。
如果没有具体距离,可以用far+(away)+from表示“离...远”。
对“数词+表距离的名词短语”提问,特殊疑问词用how far。
How far is it to your house from here?
【拓展】far/far away/far away from区分
1) far away用作表语或状语,away可以省略,因此,far away相当于far; far away from相当于far from
My home is far/far away. 我家离得远。
His factory is far (away) from our school.他的工厂远离我们学校。
2) far (away)后不接宾语;far (away) from后一定要接宾语。
They do not live far away. 他们住得并不远。
3) far from除了表示距离的“远离”之外,还有“远远不,完全不,绝非”之意,后接名词、动名词或形容词。
Far from reading his letter,she didn't open it。
He is far from (being) rich.
核心词汇
7. We love to relax in our living room and chat over a cup of tea.我们喜欢在客厅里放松,边喝茶边聊天。
chat v.意为“聊天”,其过去式为:chatted,现在分词形式:chatting。
短语:chat with sb 和某人聊天 over a cup of tea 在喝茶的过程中
【精讲】over的用法:
1)作介词
表示位置:在… 上方;在… 上面(不接触),与 “under” 相对。There is a bridge over the river.
表示数量、程度:超过;多于,相当于 “more than”。There are over 100 students in the hall.
表示时间:在…… 期间;直到…… 过完。We discussed the plan over dinner.
表示通过某种媒介:通过;借助。 I heard the news over the radio.
2)作副词
表示翻转:翻转;颠倒。Turn the page over.
表示结束:结束;完了。 The game is over.
表示从一边到另一边:从一边到另一边;越过。Come over and sit beside me.
核心词汇
8. We keep some hens there.我们在那里养了一些母鸡。
keep v.意为“饲养”,近义词:raise。如:Some people keep cows in our town.
【精讲】keep意为“保持”,其用法有:
1) keep sb./sth.+形容词或介词
These gloves will keep your hands warm.这副手套会使你的手暖和。
If your hands are cold,keep them in your pockets.如果你的手冷,把它们放在口袋里。
2) keep sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。
【拓展】
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sth.in mind 记住(某事物)
keep in touch with 与……保持联系 keep (on) doing sth.继续做某事
keep up with 跟上,不落在后面
核心词汇
9. We also have a cotton field by the Nile River.我们在尼罗河边也有一片棉田。
by 意为“在…… 旁边;靠近”,表示物体或人的位置关系,相当于 near 或 beside。
【拓展】by的用法
表示方式、手段或方法
通过某种方式:表示完成某事所采用的方式或手段,通常译为 “通过…… 方式;凭借……”。 如:I learn English by watching English movies.
使用某种工具:后接具体的工具、手段等,说明动作是通过何种工具或手段来完成的。
如:You can cut the apple by using a knife.(你可以用刀来切苹果。)
表示时间
在…… 之前;不迟于:强调在某个时间点之前完成某事。如:You must finish your homework by 9 o'clock.
在…… 期间:主要用于一些固定搭配或特定语境中,表示在某个时间段内。如:by day(在白天),by night(在晚上)。
核心词汇
10. She is always the fist in her class to get to school. 她总是班上第一个到学校的人。
短语:be the first to do sth. 第一个做...,此处to get to school为动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰the first。
1)It is one’s first time to do sth. 某人第一次做某事。
It’s my first time to go to Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京。
2)for the first time 第一次
3)The first man to do sth. 第一个做某事的人。
He is the first man to reach the office. 他是第一个到达办公室的人。
4)be the last to do sth 最后一个做...
核心词汇
11. Made of stone and seagrass. 由石头和海草制成。
【辨析】be made of、be made from、be made by 和 be made in
1)be made of 意为“由...制成”(指能看得出原材料),
如:The desk is made of wood.桌子是由木头制成的。
2)be made from 意为“由...制成”(指看不出原材料),
如:The paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。
3)be made by 意为“由...制造”(后一般跟人,指被谁制成),
如:The sweater is made by my mother.这件毛衣是由我妈妈织的。
4)be made in 意为“制造于,在...制造”(后一般跟产地,地名或国家),
如:The car is made in China.这辆汽车是在中国制造的。
核心词汇
12. Can hold up in strong wind
核心词汇
13. I can smell the flowers and hear the birds sing. 我能闻到花香,听到鸟儿歌唱。
smell v.意为“闻,嗅”, 如:Can you smell something burning?
smell 作系动词,意为“闻起来”,后接形容词作表语。 如:The flowers smell nice.
【拓展】其他的感官系动词:look 看起来; sound 听起来; taste 尝起来; feel感觉;摸起来
【辨析】hear sb do sth和hear sb doing sth
1) hear sb do sth 听到某人经常做某事或听到某人做了某事(强调动作的全过程)
I often hear him sing in the next room.我经常听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
2) hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
I heard him singing in the next room when I walk past just now.
类似的用法的动词还有watch,see,notice,look at以及listen to等。
核心词汇
核心词汇
14. It has an area of 160 square metres.它的面积是160平方米。
Our flat is 98 square metres in area. =Our flat has an area of 98 square metres.
我们的公寓面积是98平方米。
area n. 意为“面积”。 短语:have an area of ... “有……面积”= be ...in area/size,
如:The room has an area of 12 square metres.=The room is 12 square metres in area/size.
这个房间面积是12平方米。
【拓展】
area 的其他含义有:“领域,方面,地区”。如:
There is heavy traffic in the downtown area tonight. 今夜闹市区交通繁忙。
She knows the local area very well. 她非常了解这地区的情况。
重点短语
在伦敦东部/南部/西部/北部
数百幢活动住房
在书房
一间我自己的房间
把我最喜欢的图片挂在墙上
在二十二楼
看这座城市的美景
距离伦敦15英里的一个镇
一幢两层的联排住宅
边喝茶边聊天
在我们的客厅休息
和我们的狗玩得开心
in the east/south/west/north of London
hundreds of mobile homes
in the study
a room of my own
put up my favourite pictures on the wall
on the twenty-second floor
look at the nice view of the city
a town 15 miles from London
a town house with two floors
chat over a cup of tea
relax in our living room
have fun (playing) with our dog
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重点短语
河边的一个村庄
在阳台上欣赏夜景
在烟花下看起来明亮多彩
烧烤的绝佳时机
在二月二十日
第一个到学校的人
在中国农历中
就在他之后
他的十三岁生日
在海边
由石头/海草/竹子/木头制成
承受住强风
a village by the river
enjoy the night view on the balcony
look bright and colourful under fireworks
the perfect time to have a BBQ
on the twentieth of February
the first to get to school
in the Chinese lunar calendar
right after him
his thirteenth/13th birthday
by the seaside
be made of stone/seagrass/bamboo/ wood
hold up in strong wind
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重点短语
在中国西南部的一个山区
在一楼
在草原上
易于建造和移动
偶尔
保持干燥
一个放松和娱乐的好地方
随着季节迁移
在市中心
我自己的浴室
远离市中心
听鸟儿歌唱
看天上的星星
好好照顾他们
in a mountain area of the south-west of China
on the ground floor
on the grasslands
easy to build and move
now and then
keep dry
a great place to relax and have fun
move with the seasons
in the city centre
my own bathroom
away from the city centre
hear the birds sing
look at the stars in the sky
take good care of them
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单元语法
基数词
注意:13-19这几个数均以teen结尾。
0 = zero 1 = 2 = 3 =
4 = 5 = 6 = 7 =
8 = 9 = 10 = 11 =
12 = 13 = 14 = 15 =
16 = 17 = 18 = 19 =
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
我们通常用基数词来谈论数量的多少。下面是基数词的构成:
单元语法
基数词
20 及以上的 基数词
20 = 30 = 40 = 50 =
60 = 70 = 80 = 90 =
21 = 22 = 23 = 24 =
25 = 26 = 27 = 28=
29 = 100 = 234 =
2,345 =
23,456 =
234,567 =
twenty
twenty-one
thirty
twenty-two
forty
twenty-three
fifty
twenty-four
sixty
twenty-five
seventy
twenty-six
eighty
twenty-seven
ninety
twenty-eight
twenty-nine
one hundred
two hundred and thirty-four
two thousand, three hundred and forty-five
twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
two hundred and thirty-four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven
单元语法
基数词
注意: 1. 20以上100以内的整十数,均以ty结尾,21~99 的非整十基数词,书写时要在十位和个位之间加连字符 - 。
2. “十几”的重音放在最后一个音节上,“几十”的重音放在第一个音节上。如:13 的重音放在第二个音节上,30的重音在第一个音节上。
3. 百位数 (百=hundred), 千位数(千=thousand)
特别提醒: 英语中没有直接表示“万”和“亿”的单位词,而是常用thousand 和 million来表达。换算关系如下: 1万→10 thousand 1亿→100 million
4. 13~19 的基数词以-teen结尾。20~90的整十基数词以-ty结尾。
5. 百位和十位之间要用and, and 轻读。
6. 在非正式文体中,2,300也可以写作 twenty-three hundred,
7. 在用阿拉伯数字记录较大数目时,通常用逗号或空格将大数目分隔,从个位开始,三个一组。从个位开始,每三个数字为一组。从右向左,第一组前用thousand,第二组前用million,第三组前用billion(十亿)。
单元语法
基数词
基数词的构成
零至十二样各异,一个一个单独记。
后加-teen 变十几, thirteen、fifteen看仔细。
十八需要特殊记, eighteen 只有一个1。
二十到九十加-ty, twenty, eighty重点记。
forty 去掉字母u, thirty, fifty更出奇。
写到几百几十几, and 把百与十系。
巧学妙记加努力, hundred是你的好成绩。
单元语法
基数词
基数词的用法
表示数量,置于名词之前。She has five soccer balls. 她有5个足球。
表示编号,置于名词之后。名词和基数词的首字母通常大写。We are in Class Two, Grade Seven.我们在七年级二班。
表示号码。My student ID number is 2024016.我的学生证号码是2024016.
表示年龄。I am thirteen ( years old).我13岁。
表示时间。It's eight forty now.现在是八点四十分。
用于计算。Five plus three is eight.五加三等于八,
特别提醒:
表示“在几十年代“或“在某人几十多岁时"要用基数词的复数形式。
He was born in the 1990s.他出生于20世纪90年代。
Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in her eighties.屠呦啪在她80多岁的时候获得了诺贝尔奖
单元语法
序数词
我们通常用序数词来谈论日期、楼层、名次等。如:
China's National Day is on the first of October.中国的国庆节是在十月一日。
I live on the eleventh floor.我住在第十一层。
注意:《英式》the eleventh floor=(美式》the twelfth floor
Sandy always comes first in the race.桑迪总是在赛跑中夺冠。
注意:
一般的序数词的构成是在基数词词尾加上th,而first, second, third较特殊。
以ve结尾的基数词,ve要变为f,再加th。如:five –fifth, twelve – twelfth
以ty结尾的基数词,y要变为ie,再加th。如:twenty – twentieth, thirty → thirtieth
表示20以上非整十数的基数词,将其个位上的基数词变为序数词。如:fifty-five →fifty-fifth, two hundred and sixty-one - two hundred and sixty-first
序数词也可以用缩写形式。如:fourth → 4th, twenty-third →23rd
单元语法
序数词
1st= 9th= ninth 17th = 50th =
2nd = second 10th= 18th = 60th =
3rd = third 11th = 19th = 70th =
4th =fourth 12th = twelfth 20th= twentieth 80th=
5th = fifth 13th = 21st = twenty-first 90th=
6th= 14th = 22nd= 100th =
7th = 15th = 30th=
8th= 16th = 40th =fortieth
first
tenth
nineteenth
eleventh
sixth
seventh
thirteenth
eighth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
twenty-second
thirtieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
one hundredth
1. --- Lisa,canyou read the number3,057,018?
--- Of course. It’s .
A. three million fifty-seven thousand eighteen
B. three million and fifty-seven thousand and eighteen
C. three million fifty-seven thousands and eighteen
D. three million fifty-seven thousand and eighteen
2. --- of the students in our class passed the exam.
--- Oh,that means 20 % of them should work harder.
A. One fifth; have B. Fourths five; has C. Four fifths; have D. Four fifths; has
3. Millie and I live in the same building.Ilive on the sixth floor. She lives three floors me, on the floor.
A. above; ninth B. over; third C. above; third D. on; ninth
单元语法
针对训练 --- 单项选择
33
主题写作
介绍梦想之家
单元写作要求
本单元以“家”为话题,谈论世界各地不同的房屋建筑和家庭生活。其书面表达的命题形式主要是要求学生写一篇文章,介绍自己的家或梦想中的家。
写作方法策略
写这类文章时,首先要确定四要素——体裁、时态、人称、结构。文章开篇要引出话题,简要说明家的类型、地理位置等信息;主体部分需要详细介绍房屋的布局以及家庭活动;最后抒情总结。
主题写作
写作思路
My Dream Home
总述
分述
总结感受等
布局
特殊点(最喜爱的场所或房间)
主题写作
针对训练
梦想家园房产公司为了激发中学生的创意和灵感,提高他们学习英语的热情,举办了主题为“MyDreamHome”的演讲比赛。请你根据下面提示及要求,写一篇演讲稿。
提示:
1. What is your dream home like?
2. What's in it?
3. What can you do in it?
要求:
1.表达清楚,语句通顺,意思连贯;
2.须包括所有提示内容,不得出现真实的姓名;
3.不少于70词。演讲稿的开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Ladies and gentlemen,
I'd like to tell you about my dream home.
主题写作
参考范文
针对训练
One possible version
Ladies and gentlemen,
I'd like to tell you about my dream home. It is a large house in the country. It has two floors. My family can live together. There is a garden behind the house.
There are 8 rooms in it. On the ground floor, there is a kitchen, a dining room, a living room and a bedroom. On the first floor, there are two bedrooms, a bathroom and a study.
My dream home is very comfortable. After school I do my homework in the study. In the morning, I read books in the garden and I can also grow some flowers in it. I can ask my friends to have parties, watch films or play games together in the house, It is great fun! I love my home.
That's all. Thank you!
综合训练
一 、根据语境及汉语提示填空
1. The population in some (村庄)is getting smaller.Many young people are moving to cities.
2. People hang couplets and set off (烟花)to celebrate the SpringFestival.
3. The fire broke out in a shoe factory and burned an area of more than 800 (平方)metres.
4. The Chinese lunar (日历)divides a year into 24 solar terms.Xiaoman usually falls in May.
5. The citizens of Nanjing like to put up (帐篷)in parks to enjoy the pleasant weather.
6. The storm last night damaged the (城镇)main bridge,causing huge losses.
town’s
villages
fireworks
square
calendar
tents
38
综合训练
二、根据语境及首字母提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Kids should spend more time exercising instead of playing with m phones.
2. There are two b in our flat. One faces south and the other faces north.
3. It's a little case,but it needs great care,because a miss is as good as a m .
4. Ancient Chinese people used to build houses using kinds of simple materals, like s and wood.
5. Such a big house with a swimming pool must cost a lot in the c of the city.
6. Ice is often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays below z .
7. The number of the volunteers in our city 3,000, and fifty per cent of them students. (be)
8. Suzhou Gardens are a symbol of Suzhou.They attract (million) of travellers from all over the world to visit them.
mobile
balconies
mile
stone
centre
zero
is
are
millions
39
综合训练
三、根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词
I have an ideal home in my mind. It is 1. b the seaside.The house is a two-story building with white walls and a blue roof,When you enter the house,there is a big hall. On the left side of the hall is the living room. It has a big window so I can enjoy the sea 2.v . There is a comfortable sofa and a coffee table,making it a 3.r and peaceful space. My family and I can 4.c over a cup of coffee and enjoy the scenery. Outside, there's a big 5. y . I plan to keep some 6. h to get fresh eggs, adding a lively touch to daily life.On the second floor, there are three bedrooms. The master bedroom is large,with a king-size bed and a private bathroom of its 7.o . Next to the master bedroom is the 8.s , where there are many books of different types. I can read or work there quietly. On weekends,I can walk to the beach with my family to go 9. f ,sharing the excitement of casting(抛) lines and hoping for a bite together. Ilove this ideal home deeply. It is such a beautiful place 10.t living in it would be a great pleasure.
that
by
view
relaxing
chat
yard
hens
own
study
fishing
40
综合训练
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Stilted buildings,known as diaojiaolou,are unique 1. (tradition) residences (住宅)in southernChina,with 2. (hundred) of them still standing in ethnic minority areas like Guizhou and Hunan. These houses 3. (build) onwooden or bamboo stilts(支柱).The stilts hold 4. the entire structure above the ground.This design protects against floods,dampness,and pests,5. (make) them perfectly suited to the region's rainy climate. Most stilted buildings have 6. wooden frame, with walls made of bamboo strips plastered with mud,and roofs 7. (cover)in tiles(瓦)or thatch(茅草). The 8. (low) part,supported by sturdy(坚固 的)stilts,is often used for storing tools or raising animals. The upper floors serve as 9. (live) spaces--bedrooms,kitchens, and halls where families gather. Both local materials and brilliant craftsmanship make these houses fit well with the hills and rivers around them. For centuries, they have given people a place to live while also being part of the local culture, showing 10. people are clever at living with nature.
how
traditional
hundreds
are built
up
making
a
covered
lower
living
THANKS
谢谢观看
七年级英语下册·译林版2024
C
D
B
A
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