Unit 1 Science Fiction二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修4·人教版·Unit1Science Fiction二 一、 重点单词详解 1:calculate 一、核心考点 词性：动词(t) 核心义：t.计算；核算；预测 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：calcul(计算，源自拉丁语calculus'”小石子”，古代计数工具) 名词：calculation/,kaelkju'lern/(计算；预测) 形容词：calculated/kaelkjulertrd/(精心策划的：计算出的) 副词：calculatingly/'kaelkjulertrli/（算计地；精明地) 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词： calculate sth.(计算某事，如calculate the cost/result) calculate that..（预测/估计…，如Scientists calculate that the project will take3 years) calculate sth.as sth.(将某物核算为某物，如calculate the loss as$l0,000) 常见搭配： calculate on/upon(指望；依靠，如We can't calculate on good weather for the picnic) 四、重点辨析 calculate VS compute:calculate强调通过数学运算得出结果，侧重过程；compute更正 式，尤指用计算机计算，如The computer computed the data in seconds. 2:superior 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.更好的；占优势的；（级别或重要性上）更高的 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：super-(超过；在…之上，如supermarket,.superman) 后缀：-ior(形容词比较级后缀，如inferior,anterior) 名词：superiority/su:,pIai'prti/(优越性；优势) 反义词：inferior /In'feia(r)/(adj.较差的；下级的n.下级) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词： be superior to（比…更好/更胜一筹，无比较级形式，后接名词/代词，如Her work is superior to mine superior quality(优质) superior officer（上级军官) 名词： senior VS superior:senior侧重年龄、资历较长（如senior student学长)；superior侧重 级别更高（如report to your superior向上级汇报） 3:conflict 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（v.) 核心义：n.冲突；矛盾v.冲突；抵触 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：con-（共同；一起，如connect,.combine) 词根：fict(打击，如afflict'”折磨) 形容词：conflicting/kan'frkt/(相互矛盾的；冲突的，如conflicting opinions) 三、 用法与常见搭配 名词： in conflict with(与…冲突，如His actions were in conflict with his words) resolve/.settle a conflict(解决冲突) armed conflict（武装冲突) 动词： conflict with(与…抵触，如Her schedule conflicts with mine) 四、重点辨析 conflict VS collision:conflict指意见、利益等抽象事物的冲突；collision侧重物理碰撞 (如car collision)或比喻性碰撞（如collision of cultures文化冲突）。 4:inaction 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.无行动；不采取措施 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：in-(否定，如inactive,incorrect)) 词根：act(行动，如action,active) 形容词：inactive/In'ektv/(不活动的；闲置的) 副词：inactively/m'aektrvli/（不活跃地) 反义词：action/'ek/(n.行动)；activity/ek'trvati/(n.话动) 三、用法与常见搭配 介词搭配： through/in inaction（由于不行动，如The problem worsened through inaction) avoid inaction（避免不作为) 形容词+inaction: criminal inaction(渎职不作为) political inaction(政治上的不作为) 四、拓展用法 派生词对比：inaction(侧重”未行动”的状态)VS inactivity(侧重”缺乏活力”的状态， 如physical inactivity身体活动不足) 5:pros and cons 一、核心考点 词性：短语 核心义：短语事物的利与弊；支持与反对 构词法（短语构成） pros:源自拉丁语pro（支持；赞成)的复数形式 cons:源自拉丁语contra（反对；相反)的缩略形式 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配： weigh/consider the pros and cons(权衡利弊，如Before making a decision,we should weigh the pros and cons) discuss the pros and cons of sth.(讨论某事的优缺点，如They debated the pros and cons of online learning) 四、拓展用法 同义短语：advantages and disadvantages(更基础表达)；merits and demerits(较正式，如 merits and demerits of the policy) 6:blurred 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：blur/bl3:(r)/(v.使模糊；变模糊，如Tears blurred her vision) 形容词：blurred(由blr的过去分词转化而来，表”被模糊的) 副词：blurrily/bl3li(模糊地) 名词：blurriness/bl3inas/(模糊不清) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词： blurred vision(模糊的视力) blurred memories(模糊的记忆) blurred boundaries(模糊的界限) 动词搭配： leave sth.blurred(使某物模糊不清，如The1 ain left the writing blurred) 四、重点辨析 blurred VS fuzzy:blurred侧重因距离、光线等导致的视觉模糊：fzzy可指视觉模糊（如 fuzzy image),也可指概念模糊（如fuzzy thinking模糊的想法）。 7:take over 一、核心考点 词性：短语 核心义：短语占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 二、短语构成 take(v.拿；采取)+over(adv.越过；完全地) 三、用法与常见搭配 不同含义： 接管（权力/公司等）：take over sth.(如The company was taken over by a larger firm) 接手（任务/工作）：take over from sb.(如She took over from me as manager) 占上风：take over(如Darkness took over the sky) 代词宾格位置：take sth.over/take over sth.(名词可放中间或后面)；take it/them over (代词必须放中间) 四、拓展短语 同义短语：take charge of(负责，如take charge of the project);take control of(控制，如 take control of the situation) 8:ona…basis 一、核心考点 词性：短语 核心义：短语根据：以…的方式（基准) 二、短语构成 on(pIep.以…方式)+a+形容词+basis(n.基础) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词搭配： on a daily/,weekly/monthly basis(按日/周/月，如We meet on a weekly basis) on a regular basis(定期地，如Exercise on a regular basis) on a temporary/permanent basis(临时/永久地，如She works here on a temporary basis) 替换表达： on a basis of.(基于…，如on a basis of equality平等地)=based on..（如based on equality） 四、注意事项 该短语中basis为单数，复数形式bases用于”基础知识”（如the bases of math),不可用 于此结构。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Scientists_that the temperature will rise by 2C next year. A)compute B)calculate C)count D)figure 2.This new model is superior the old one in terms of performance. A)than B)over C)to D)with 3.Her actions were in with her promises,which made others upset. A)conflict B)collision C)contrast D)connection 4.The project failed mainly due to the manager's to make timely decisions A)inactivity B)inaction C)inability D)injustice 5.Before choosing a major,students should weigh theand cons carefully. A)pros B)profits C)privileges D)processes 6.After the heavy rain,the writing on the sign became_and hard to read. A)fuzzy B)blurred C)dim D)faint 7.The small company was_by a multinational corporation last month A)taken over B)taken charge C)taken control D)taken up 8.Our team holds meetings_a weekly basis to discuss progress. A)in B)on C)at D)for 9.Employees are required to report any problems directly to their_ A)seniors B)superiors C)juniors D)inferiors 10.The manager asked Mary to_the project after Tom resigned. A)take over from B)take charge C)take over D)take control (二)根据提示补全句子(6题) 1.The(calculate)of the budget took three days to complete 2.The team's (superior)in technology helped them win the competition 3.There are_(conflict)reports about the cause of the accident. 4.His_(act)during the crisis led to serious consequences 5.The(blur)of the photo made it impossible to identify the person. 6.She works as a part-time teacher on a_(temporarily)basis (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.It's important to cthe risks before investing in the stock market. 2.This brand claims its products are ofsquality compared to others. 3.The two countries have managed to resolve their cthrough peaceful talks. 4.The government's i on environmental issues has drawn public criticism. 5.We need to discuss the pand cons of online education vs.traditional education. 6.Tears in her eyes made the words on the page look b. 7.After the CEO retired,his son took othe company. 8.The research is conducted on a monthly bto track changes over time. 9.All staff must follow the instructions given by their s officers. 10.The company's financial problems began after the hostile tover last year. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B CA B A B A BB C 2.补全句子答案： 1.calculation 2.superiority 3.conflicting 4.inaction 5.blurriness 6.temporary 3.首字母填空答案： 1.calculate 2.superior 3.conflict 4.inaction 5.pros 6.blurred 7.over 8.basis 9.superior 10.take 英语词汇复习手册·选修4·Unit1 Science Fiction二