Unit 1 Science Fiction一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修4·人教版·UnitlScience Fiction 一、 重点单词详解 1:fiction 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.小说；虚构的事 二、 构词法（词汇变形） 形容词：fictional/'fk∫nl/(虚构的；小说的) 副词：fictionally/'fikfenali/(虚构地；编造地) 动词：fabricate/faebrikert/（vt.编造，虚构，与fiction含义关联) 三、必记搭配与例句 science fiction(abbr.SF,informal sci-f)科幻小说（或影片等) historical fiction历史小说 pure fiction纯属虚构 四、重点辨析 fiction vs..novel:fiction为不可数名词，泛指？虚构作品”（包括小说、故事等）；novel 为可数名词，特指”长篇小说”。 例：She enjoys reading fiction..(她喜欢读虚构作品。) He wrote a popular novel last year.(他去年写了一部畅销长篇小说。) 2:integrity 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.诚实正直：完整：完好 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：integral/ntrgral/(adj.完整的；必需的) 动词：integrate/'Intrgrert//(vt.&vi.整合；融入) 三、必记搭配与例句 moral integrity道德integrity territorial integrity领土完整 with integrity诚实地；正直地 四、拓展用法 不可数名词：无复数形式，表达”正直的品格”或”事物的完整性”。 例：He is a man of integrity.(他是个正直的人。) The integrity of the system must be protected..（系统的完整性必须得到保护。) 3:dignity 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.庄重；庄严；尊严 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：dignified/drgnufard/(adj.庄重的；有尊严的) 动词：dignify/dignifar/(vt.使有尊严；抬高…的身价) 三、必记搭配与例句】 human dignity人类尊严 stand on dignity保持尊严 with dignity体面地；有尊严地 lose one's dignity失去尊严 四、重点辨析 dignity vs.hoor:dignity侧重”内在的庄重与自尊”；honor侧重”外界给予的荣誉或尊 重”。 例：She faced the困难with dignity.(她体面地面对困难。) He received an honor for his bravery.（他因勇敢获得荣誉。) 4:suspend 、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：t悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 二、构词法 词根：pend-（悬挂，支付)，前缀sus(向下)，字面义”向下悬挂”，引申为”暂停。 三、 词性转换 名词：suspension/s3 spenfn/(n.暂停；悬挂；悬架) 形容词：suspended/sa'spend山d/(adj.暂停的；悬浮的) 四、必记搭配与例句 suspend sb.from school/work暂停某人上学/工作 suspend a rule/law暂停实施规则/法律 suspend judgment暂缓判断 suspend in mid-air悬在空中 五、重点辨析 suspend vs.delay:suspend强调”暂时中止，后续可能恢复”；delay强调”因外界因素推 迟时间”。 例：The game was suspended due to1ain.(比赛因雨暂停。) The flight was delayed by two hours.(航班延误两小时。) 5:dismiss 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：t让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 二、构词法 前缀dis-（否定/离开)+miss(送，派)，字面义”送走”，引申为”解雇；解散”。 三、词性转换 名词：dismissal/drs'mIsl/（n.解雇；驳▣) 四、必记搭配与例句 dismiss sb.from ajob解雇某人 dismiss a meeting解散会议 dismiss fears/doubts消除恐惧/疑虑 dismiss an idea不考虑某个想法 五、拓展用法 被动语态：be dismissed from..被从…解雇/开除 例：He was dismissed from his post for negligence.(他因疏忽被解职。) 6:declare 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.) 核心义：t.表明；宣称；公布 二、构词法 前缀de-(完全)+clar(清楚，bright),字面义”使完全清楚，即”宣布；声明”。 三、词性转换 名词：declaration/,dekl'rern/(n.宣布；声明；申报) 四、必记搭配与例句 declare sth.tosb.向某人宣布某事 declare war on.对…宣战 declare oneself表明立场/身份 declare+从句宣布… 例：He declared that he would run for president..(他宣布将竞选总统。) 五、重点辨析 declare vs..announce:declare侧重？正式、权威地声明”（如宣战、法律公告）：announce 侧重”公开告知信息”（如通知事件）。 例：The government declared a state of emergency.(政府宣布进入紧急状态。) They announced the winner on TV.(他们在电视上宣布了获胜者。) 7:whereas 、 核心考点 词性：连词(conj.) 核心义：conj.然而；但是；尽管 二、用法 引导对比或转折关系，连接两个并列分句，强调前后情况的对比。 例：Some people love cats,whereas others prefer dogs.(有些人喜欢猫，而另一些人喜欢 狗。) 三、重点辨析 whereas vs.while::两者均可表对比，但whereas更正式，常用于书面语；while口语和 书面语通用。 例：Whereas she is hardworking,her brother is lazy.（她勤奋，而她弟弟懒惰。) While I understand your point,.I can't agree.（尽管我理解你的观点，但无法同意。) 8:presume 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.&i.) 核心义：vt&i.假设：假定 二、构词法 前缀pre(预先)+sm(拿，取)，字面义”预先拿定（想法）”，即”假定；推测”。 三、词性转换 名词：presumption/PII'ZAmp/(n.假定；推测；放肆) 形容词：presumed /prI'☑ju:md(adj.假定的；推测的) 四、必记搭配与例句 presume(hat)..假定… presume to do sth.冒味做某事（常用于否定句） 例：I presume you will agree with me.（我假定你会同意我。) Don't presume to tell me what to do.(别冒昧地指挥我做事。) 五、重点辨析 presume vs..assume:presume强调”基于证据或可能性的推测”；assume强调”主观上毫 无根据的假设”。 例：We presume the work has been completed.(我们推测工作已完成。) He assumed she would help him.(他主观假设她会帮他。) 9:guilty 核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.) 核心义：adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：guilt/grlt/(n.内疚；罪行) 副词：guiltily /'grltrli/(adv.内疚地；有罪地) 三、必记搭配与例句 be guilty of(doing)sth.犯有…罪/过错 feel guilty about sth.对某事感到内疚 guilty conscience内疚感 四、拓展用法 反义词：innocent/masnt/(adj.无辜的；无罪的) 例：He was found guilty of theft..(他被判盗窃罪。) She felt guilty for lying to her parents.(她因对父母撒谎而内疚。) 10:absurd 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：absurdity /ab's3:dti/(n.荒谬；荒唐) 副词：absurdly/ab's3:dli/(adv.荒谬地) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Science fiction often explores the future development of technology and society. A)fiction B)novel C)story D)tale 2.A person of integrity will always keep their promises and act honestly A)honesty B)integrity C)dignity D)loyalty 3.Despite facing great difficulties,she maintained her dignity and refused to give up A)honor B)respect C)pride D)dignity 4.The school decided to suspend the student from classes for two weeks due to his miscon- duct. A)delay B)postpone C)suspend D)cancel 5.The manager had to dismiss three employees for repeatedly violating company rules A)dismiss B)fire C)lay off D)terminate 6.The government declared a state of emergency after the severe earthquake. A)announced B)declared C)stated D)proclaimed 7.Some people prefer online shopping,whereas others enjoy the experience of shopping in physical stores. A)while B)but C)whereas D)however 8.We can presume that the project will be completed by the end of this month based on the current progress A)assume B)suppose C)guess D)presume 9.He felt guilty about forgetting his mother's birthday and immediately bought her a gift. A)guilty B)sorry C)ashamed D)regretful 10.It is absurd to believe that such a small child could solve this complex mathematical problem A)ridiculous B)absurd C)foolish D)silly (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The story is a work of(literature,so none of the characters are real. 2.The team needs to()its resources to improve work efficiency. 3.The()of the bridge was damaged in the storm,causing traffic disruption. 4.His_(came as a shock to everyone in the office 5.The president made a public_()regarding the new environmental policy. 6.She spoke in a calm and_(庄重的)manner during the interview. 7.The_(假定的)cause of the fire is still under investigation 8.He looked_(内疚地)when asked about his absence from the meeting. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The novel is a classic example of science f,set in a distant galaxy. 2.Respecting territorial i is a basic principle of international law 3.Human d should be protected and respected in any situation. 4.The game was s for 30 minutes due to heavy rain. 5.The company announced the d of several senior executives yesterday. 6.The court declared him iof all charges after a thorough trial. 7.Wshe is good at math,her sister excels in languages 8.We cannot pthat he will arrive on time,his flight was delayed 9.She couldn't hide her gwhen her parents found out she had lied. 10.It's a to think that money can solve all problems in life. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B D C A B C D A B 解析1（第1题）： 考查fiction的固定用法。science fiction表示”科幻小说”，符合句意”科幻小说经常探索 技术和社会的未来发展”；novel特指”长篇小说，stoy和tale泛指”故事，均不符合 语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查integrity的固定用法。a person of integrity表示”正直的人”，符合句意”正直的人 总是信守承诺，诚实行事；honesty强调”诚实”，dignity强调”尊严”，loyalty强调”忠 诚”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第4题）： 考查suspend的固定用法。suspend from classes表示”停课”，符合句意”学校决定因该 学生行为不端停课两周”；delay强调”延迟，postpone强调”推迟”，cancel强调取消， 均不符合语境，故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.fictional 2.integrate 3.suspension 4.dismissal 5.declaration 6.dignified 7.presumed 8. guiltily 3.首字母填空答案： 1.fiction 2.integrity 3.dignity 4.suspended 5.dismissal 6.innocent 7.Whereas 8.presume 9.guilt 10.absurd 英语词汇复习手册·选修4·Unit 1 Science Fiction一