Unit 1 Science Fiction三-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修4·人教版·UnitlScience Fiction.三 一、 重点单词详解 1:backwards 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.向后；倒着；往回 必记搭配与例句 bend/lean backwards向后弯曲/倾斜：He leaned backwards to avoid the ball count backwards from.to..从…倒数到…：The children counted backwards from 10 to 1. look backwards向后看：Don't look backwards while walking. 三、重点辨析 backward vs.backwards:作副词时，英式英语多用backwards,美式英语两者均可； backward还可作形容词，表”落后的，迟钝的’，而backwards无形容词用法 2:hazy 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad) 核心义：adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 、必记搭配与例句 a hazy morning薄雾朦胧的早晨：We set out on a hazy morning a hazy memory模糊的记忆：I have only a hazy memory of that event. feel hazy about sth.对某事感到困惑：I feel hazy about the instructions 三、重点辨析 hazy vs.vague:hazy侧重因光线、雾气等导致的”视觉模糊”或”思维迷糊；vague侧 重”意义不明确轮廓模糊”（如a vague answer含糊的回答) 3:urge 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.强烈的欲望：冲动vt.催促：力劝：大力推荐 二、 必记搭配与例句 uge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事：The teacher urged us to finish the homework, have an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事：I have an urge to travel around the world. urge sth.omb.向某人极力推荐某物：He urged the new book on me. 三、重点用法 形容词：gent/'3:d3nt/（紧急的；迫切的) 名词：ugency/'3:d3nsi/（紧急；迫切性) 4:random 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.随机的；不可思议的 二、 必记搭配与例句 at random随机地；任意地：The names were chosen at1 andom random selection随机选择：We used random selection for the experiment random thoughts胡思乱想：His mind was full of random thoughts. 三、拓展用法 高考常考：在阅读中表”无规律的”（如random attacks无差别攻击)；写作中可用Itis 1 andom that.表.…是随机的？ 5:explode 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(vi.&t) 核心义：i.&vt.爆炸；爆破；（情绪）爆发；（数字）激增 二、必记搭配与例句 物理爆炸：The bomb exploded with a loud noise. 情绪爆发：He exploded with anger when he heard the news.. 数字激增：The population exploded in the20 th century. 三、辨析 explode vs.bmst:explode侧重”剧烈爆炸？（如炸弹、火山）；burst侧重”内部压力导致 破裂”（如burst a balloon吹爆气球；burst into tears突然大哭） 6:stun “、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：vt.使震惊；使昏迷 二、必记搭配与例句 be stunned by/at sth.被某事震惊：We were stunned by the sudden news.. stun sb.with a blow一击打昏某人：The boxer stunned his opponent with a powerful blow. stun the world震惊世界：The discovery stunned the scientific world.. 三、辨析 stun vs.hock:stn语气更强，强调”瞬间的震惊或失去意识”；shock侧重”精神上的打 击？（如shock sb.to death把某人吓死） 7:overstatement 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.夸大；夸张 二、必记搭配与例句 make an overstatement夸大其词：It would be an overstatement to say he is the best It is an overstatement to say that..说…是夸大其词：It's an overstatement to say everyone agrees. 拓展用法 写作常用：避免绝对化表达时可用（如The report contains some overstatements..该报告 存在一些夸大。) 8:division 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法) 二、必记搭配与例句 the division of labor劳动分工：The division of labor improves efficiency: deep divisions between..…之间的巨大分歧：There are deep divisions between the two parties. long division长除法：Students learn long division in math class. 三、重点用法 动词：divide/dr'vard/(v.分开；划分；除) 形容词：divided/d'vardrd/(分裂的；有分歧的) 9:jolt 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（vt.&i.) 核心义：n.震动：摇晃；颠簸t.&ⅵ.（使）震动；摇晃 二、必记搭配与例句 描述动作：The car jolted over the rough road, 描述影响：The sudden noise jolted me awake. a jolt of electricity一阵电击：He felt a jolt of electricity 三、拓展辨析 jolt vs.shake:jolt侧重”突然、剧烈的震动”（如急刹车时的颠簸)；shake侧重”反复或 轻微的摇动？（如shake hands握手；shake with cold冷得发抖） 10:random 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.随机的；不可思议的 二、必记搭配与例句 at random随机地；任意地：The computer selects numbers at random. random selection随机选择：We need a random selection process. random thoughts胡思乱想：His mind was full of1 andom thoughts. 三、重点用法 副词：randomly/'raendemli/(随机地；任意地) 名词：randomness/raendemnes/(随机性；任意性) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The old man often looks to recall his childhood memories. A)backward B)backwards C)back D)behind 2.We could only see a figure through the thick fog. A)vague B)hazy C)unclear D)dim 3.The teacher us to finish the project before Friday A)urged B)suggested C)demanded D)hoped 4.The computer program generates numbers for the experiment. A)random B)regular C)fixed D)steady 5.The crowdwith cheers when the team won the championship. A)exploded B)burst C)broke D)cried 6.She was_by the sudden news of her friend's accident. A)shocked B)stunned C)surprised D)amazed 7.It is an to say that all teenagers dislike studying. A)overstatement B)understatement C)statement D)misstatement 8.The_of powers between the two branches of government is clearly defined. A)division B)separation C)distribution D)split 9.The bus_suddenly when a dog ran across the road. A)shook B)jolted C)trembled D)quaked 10.The research shows that success is notbut requires consistent effort. A)random B)accidental C)arbitrary D)casual (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The situation requires_(urge)action to prevent further damage. 2.She spoke (hazy)about her plans for the future 3.The(explode)of the fireworks lit up the night sky. 4.After the accident,he suffered from(stun)and couldn't speak for a while. 5.There is a clear(divide)between urban and rural lifestyles in the country. 6.The car moved(jolt)over the unpaved road. 7.His_(random)choice of words made the speech hard to follow. 8.The(urgent)of the problem became obvious when the deadline approached. 9.The mountain was hidden in (hazy)due to the morning mist 10.The company announced a_(stun)profit increase of 50%this quarter. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.When taking photos,remember not to lean btoo far,or you might fall 2.The memory of that day remains h in my mind,like a dream. 3.I have a strong u to travel around the world after graduation 4.The survey selected participants at r to ensure faimess. 5.The bomb ewith a loud noise,causing panic in the street 6.The whole nation was sby the unexpected natural disaster. 7.Claiming that the new policy will solve all problems is an o 8.The d of the class into groups helped improve learning efficiency. 9.The train came to a sudden stop,giving all passengers a sharp j_ 10.The data shows no obvious pattern,appearing completely r. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BB AA A BAABA 解析1（第1题）： 考查backwards的用法。look backwards表示”向后看，符合句意”老人经常向后看回 忆童年；backward在美式英语中也可作副词，但英式英语多用backwards,故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查hay的用法。hay侧重因雾气等导致的视觉模糊，符合句意”透过浓雾我们只能 看到模糊的身影”；vague侧重意义不明确，nclear和dim不如hazy贴切，故选B。 解析3（第6题）： 考查stn的用法。stn语气强烈，强调瞬间的震惊，符合句意”她被朋友事故的突然消 息震惊了”；shocked语气较弱，surprised和amazed程度更轻，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.urgent 2.hazily 3.explosion 4.stunning 5.division 6.jolting 7.randomness 8.urgency 9. haziness 10.stunning 3.首字母填空答案： 1.backwards 2.hazy 3.urge 4.random 5.exploded 6.stunned 7.overstatement 8.division 9.jolt 10.random 英语词汇复习手册·选修4·Unit1 Science Fiction三