Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson2-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·北师大版·Unit9:Hum anBiologyLesson2 一、重点单词详解 1:nerve 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.神经：焦虑，恐惧，紧张 二、构词法（词汇变形） 形容词：nervous/n3:vas/(adj.紧张的；神经的) 副词：nervously/'n3 vasli/(adv.紧张地) 名词：nervousness/'n3:vasnas/(n.紧张；焦虑) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词(neve) -生理义：sensory nerve（感觉神经)；motor nerve(运动神经) -抽象义：lose one's nerve(失去勇气)；have the nerve to do sth.(有勇气做某事；竟敢 做某事) 形容词(nervous) -be nervous about/of(对…紧g张/害怕) -feel nervous(感到紧张) -a nervous smile/voice(紧张的微笑/声音) 四、重点辨析 neve(n.紧张)vs.anxiety(n.焦虑) neve侧重因压力或挑战产生的紧张感；anxiety侧重持续的忧虑不安，如anxiety about the future（对未来的焦虑)。 2:impulse 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.(神经)冲动：（电）脉冲：冲动，心血来潮 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：impel/u'pe/(t推动；驱使，迫使) 形容词：impulsive/u'plsv/(adj.冲动的；由冲动引起的) 副词：impulsively /Im'pAlsIvli/(adv.冲动地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 名词(impulse) -生理义：nerve impulse(神经冲动)；electrical impulse(电脉冲) -抽象义：on impulse(一时冲动地)：follow one's impulse（凭冲动行事) 动词(impel) -impel sb.to do sth.(驱使某人做某事)，如Duty impelled him to help..(责任驱使他伸出 援手。) 四、拓展 impulsive(adj.):an impulsive decision(冲动的决定)：impulsive behavior(冲动行为)。 3:locate 核心考点 词性：vi.&t 核心义：vi.&t.找出…的准确位置；位于 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：location /lav'ker(英)、1ou'keIn/(美)(n.位置；地点) 形容词：located /lau'kertrd/(英)、Iou'kertId/(美)(adj.位于…的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(locate) -及物：locate sb./sth.(找到某人/某物的位置)，如Police are trying to locate the missing chld.(警方正努力寻找失踪儿童。) -不及物（后接介词）：be located in/on/at(位于…)，如The school is located in the city center.(学校位于市中心。) 名词(1 ocation) -a good location(好位置)：filming location(拍摄地点) 四、注意 locate作”位于”时常用被动语态be located,主动语态侧重”定位”动作，如The app helps locate nearby1 estaurants..(这款应用帮助查找附近餐厅。) 4:contain 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t.包含，容纳，装盛；控制，抑制（情绪等） 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：container /ken'terna(c)/(n.容器；集装箱) 名词：containment/ken'ternment/(n.控制；遏制) 三、用法与常见搭配 -包含具体事物：contain water/sugar(含水/糖)；The box contains books.（盒子里装着 书。) -包含抽象含义：contain anger/laughter(抑制愤怒/笑声)；The report contains useful data. (报告包含有用数据。) -常见搭配：contain oneself(克制自己)，如She could hardly contain herself with joy.(她 高兴得几乎无法自制。) 四、辨析 contain vs.include contain侧重整体内”包含’的全部内容，如The atlas contains50maps.(这本地图册有 50张地图。) include侧重整体中的”部分”，如The price includes tax.(价格含税费。) 5:intake 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.摄入量，摄取量；吸入；（机构的)接收人数 二、构词法 由（进入）+ke（拿，取)构成，字面义”拿进来的量，引申为”摄入量”。 三、用法与常见搭配 -饮食相关：calorie intake(卡路里摄入量)：salt intake(盐摄入量)；reduce sugar intake (减少糖的摄入) -其他场景：air intake(进气口)；student intake(招生人数) -介词搭配：intake of sth.(…的摄入量)，如daily intake of vitamins(每日维生素摄入 量) 四、拓展 反义词：output(n.输出量)，如energy output(能量输出)。 6:zone 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v.) 核心义：n地区，地带；t.将…划分为区 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：zone/zaun/(t.划分区域) 形容词：zoned /zaund/(adj.划分为区的；受分区限制的) 三、 用法与常见搭配 名词(zone) -具体区域：residential zone（住宅区)；industrial zone(工业区)：time zone(时区) -抽象区域：comfort zone（舒适区)；danger zone(危险区) 动词(zone) -zone sth.as..(将某物划分为…区)，如The area is zoned as agricultural land.（该区域 被划为农业用地。) 四、辨析 zone vs.area vs.region zone侧重具有特定功能或特征的区域（如时区、气候带)：area泛指面积，可大可小； region侧重较大的行政或地理区域（如mountain1 egion山区）。 7:crossword 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏 二、构词法 由coss(交叉的)+word(单词)构成，因游戏中单词横向纵向交叉排列而得名。 三、用法与常见搭配 -do/solve a crossword（做纵横字谜)；crossword puzzle(纵横填字游戏) -文化场景：a crossword clue(字谜线索)；crossword solver(字谜解答者) 四、拓展 英语学习中，crossword常作为词汇练习工具，帮助记忆单词拼写和含义。 8:organ 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.器官；机构；管风琴 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：organic:'gaenrk/（adj.有机的；器官的) 副词：organically/:gaenrkli/(adv.有机地；自然地) 三、用法与常见搭配 -生理义：internal organs(内脏)；vital organs（重要器官，如heart/lung) -机构义：state organs(国家机构)；government organs(政府机关) -乐器义：play the organ(演奏管风琴) 四、辨析 ogan（器官)vs.tissue(组织) tissue是构成器官的基本结构（如muscle tissue肌肉组织），ogan由多种组织构成（如 heart o1gan心脏器官)。 五、拓展 organic(adj.):organic food（有机食品)；organic chemistry（有机化学)。 9:atom 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.原子 二、构词法（科学衍生词） 形容词：atomic/e'tomk/(adj.原子的) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The doctor said that damage to her sensory_caused the loss of feeling in her hands. A)nerve B)impulse C)zone D)organ 2.He had the to ask his boss for a raise right after making a mistake A)intake B)nerve C)locate D)contain 3.The new library is in the eastern part of the city,near the park A)located B)locating C)to locate D)locate 4.This bottle two liters of water,which is enough for our trip. A)includes B)contains C)takes D)holds 5.On_,she bought a expensive dress she didn't really need. A)impulse B)nerve C)intake D)zone 6.The company plans to reduce salt-to improve customers'health A)output B)intake C)contain D)locate 7.The city has zoned this area as a residential-to prevent industrial pollution. A)zone B)area C)region D)location 8.To solve the crossword,you need to find words that fit both horizontally and vertically. A)puzzle B)clue C)game D)solver 9.The heart is one of the most vital in the human body. A)tissues B)organs C)nerves D)impulses 10.The_of the missing hiker was finally found using GPS technology. A)location B)locate C)zone D)intake (二)根据提示补全句子(6题) 1.She felt(nerve)before her first job interview. 2.The decision to quit his job was(impulse)and he soon regretted it. 3.The museum is_(locate)on the top floor of the building. 4.The team's success was due to their(organ)effort and clear goals 5.Please(contain)your excitement until the official announcement. 6.The factory needs to increase its daily(produce)to meet demand. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.A sudden n impulse travels from the brain to the muscles,making you react quickly 2.He acted on i and bought the car without checking its condition. 3.The app uses your phone's GPS to 1 the nearest coffee shops. 4.This report c_data from over 500 participants across five countries. 5.Reducing sugar i is an important step in maintaining a healthy diet 6.The city's business zattracts companies from all over the world. 7.My grandmother enjoys doing cpuzzles every morning to keep her mind active. 8.The liver is a large othat helps filter toxins from the blood. 9.The atomic bomb releases energy through the splitting of a 10.She tried to c her laughter during the serious meeting. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ABABABAABA 2.补全句子答案： nervous impulsive located organic contain output 3.首字母填空答案： nerve impulse locate contains intake zone crossword organ atoms contain 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit9:Human Biology Lesson2