Unit 5 Humans and NatureTopic Talk-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 必修2·北师大版·Unit5:umansandNature TopicTalk 一、】 重点单词详解 1:disaster 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.灾难：灾祸 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：dis-(否定前缀)+aster(星星，古希腊认为灾难与星象有关)→”星星偏离轨道 引申为”灾难” 形容词：disastrous/dr'za:stras/(adj.灾难性的；损失惨重的) 副词：disastrously/drza:stresli/(adv.灾难性地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词搭配： cause a disaster(引发灾难) suffer from a disaster(遭受灾难) disaster+介词： natural disaster（自然灾害) disaster area(灾区) 形容词修饰： major/terrible disaster（重大/可怕的灾难) 四、重点辨析 disaster vs.catastrophe:disaster泛指”严重不幸事件”；catastrophe语气更强，指？毁灭 性灾难”（如地震、瘟疫）。 2:volcanic 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：volcano /vDl'kemau/(n.火山)+-ic（形容词后缀，表示.…的) 名词：volcano（火山)；eruption（爆发，见下方单词) 副词：volcanically /vpl'kaenrkli/(adv.火山地；猛烈地) 、 用法与常见搭配 名词搭配： volcanic eruption（火山爆发) volcanic ash(火山灰) volcanic activity(火山活动) 四、拓展 volcanic还可比喻”猛烈的”（如volcanic anger火山般的愤怒）。 3:ecology 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.生态；生态学 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：eC0-(生态，源自希腊语”家园”)+logy(学科后缀，表示”…学) 形容词：ecological/,i:ka'lod3k/（adj.生态的；生态学的) 名词：ecologist/i:'kplad3Ist/(n.生态学家) 副词：ecologically/,ika'lod3kli/(adv.生态上地) 用法与常见搭配 动词搭配： protect ecology(保护生态) study ecology(研究生态学) 介词搭配： balance of ecology(生态平衡) ecology of the jungle(丛林生态) 4:overuse 、 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.)、名词(n.) 核心义：t过度使用；滥用：n.过度使用 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：over-（过度)+use(使用) 名词：overuse(过度使用，同形名词) 形容词：overused/,uva'ju:zd/（adj.过度使用的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配： overuse natural resources(过度使用自然资源) overuse pesticides(滥用杀虫剂) 名词搭配： the overuse of antibiotics(抗生素的滥用) 四、重点辨析 overuse vs.abuse:overuse侧重”使用过量”；abuse侧重'恶意滥用”（如abuse power滥 用权力)。 5:shock 、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vt.使震惊；使难以置信；n.震惊；休克 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：shocking/'Dk/(adj.令人震惊的) shocked/okt(ad.感到震惊的) 副词：shockingly fokmli/(adv.令人震惊地) 、 用法与常见搭配 动词搭配： be shocked by/at sth.(对某事感到震惊) shock sb.into doing sth.(使某人震惊后做某事) 名词搭配： in shock(处于震惊中) culture shock(文化冲击) 四、词性转换注意 0ck作动词时，宾语为人；作名词时，可指”休克”（医学术语）。 6:greenhouse 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.温室，暖房；温室效应 二、构词法（合成词） green(绿色)+house（房子)→”绿色的房子即”温室， 固定搭配： greenhouse effect(温室效应) greenhouse gas(温室气体) 三、用法 greenhouse作定语时需用连字符：greenhouse agriculture(温室农业)。 7:lecture 、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v.) 核心义：n.讲座，讲课；演讲；v训斥；讲课 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：lecture/lekt/(v.讲课；训斥) 名词：lecturer/'lektfora/(n.讲师) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词搭配： give a lecture(举办讲座) attend a lecture(听讲座) lecture on sth.(关于…的讲座) 动词搭配： lecture sb.about/on sth.(因某事训斥某人) lecture at a university(在大学讲课) 四、辨析 lecture vs..speech:lecture侧重”学术性演讲；speech泛指”公开讲话（如political speech 政治演讲)。 8:turn one's back (on sb/sth) 一、核心考点 词性：动词短语 核心义：对…置之不理，对…撒手不管 二、用法与搭配 动词短语，不可拆分，代词宾格需放中间： turn one's back on sb.(抛弃某人) turn one's back on1 esponsibility(逃避责任) 三、例句 We should not turn our back on the environment.(我们不应忽视环境问题。) 四、拓展 反义词组：take care of(照顾)：be responsible for(对…负责)（见responsibility辨析）。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The sudden volcanic_caused widespread damage to the nearby villages. A)erupt B)eruption C)erupting D)eruptive 2.Human activities such as deforestation and overuse of natural resources have seriously affected the balance of A)ecological B)ecologist C)ecology D)ecologically 3.The news of the earthquake left the whole nation_ A)shock B)shocked C)shocking D)shockingly 4.We should avoid the of plastic bags to reduce environmental pollution. A)overuse B)abuse C)use D)misuse 5.The_effect has led to a gradual increase in global temperatures over the past century. A)green B)house C)greenhouse D)green-house 6.Professor Li will give a_on environmental protection in the school hall tomorrow. A)speech B)lecture C)talk D)report 7.It is_that many species are dying out due to habitat loss. A)shocked B)shock C)shocking D)shockingly 8.Don'tyour back on those who need your help A)turn B)take C)put D)set 9.The_disaster,including floods and droughts,has become a major threat to human sur- vival. A)natural B)nature C)naturally D)unnatural 10.-anger filled his eyes when he heard the unfair decision. A)Volcanically B)Volcano C)Volcanic D)Eruptive (二)根据提示补全句子(6题) 1.The government has taken measures to protect the_(ecology形容词形式)balance. 2.The_(disaster形容词形式)flood destroyed thousands of homes 3.He was_(shock形容词形式，表示”感到震惊的)by the terrible accident, 4._(volcanic名词形式)activity has been increasing in this region recently 5.The_(overuse形容词形式)chemicals in farming have polluted the soil. 6.We need to study_(ecology副词形式)friendly ways of development. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The earthquake was a terrible d that killed hundreds of people. 2.Vash from the eruption covered the sky and blocked sunlight 3.Studying e helps us understand the relationship between living things and their environ- ment. 4.The o_of antibiotics has led to the development of drug-resistant bacteria 5.Her performance in the exam was spoor,her parents were very disappointed 6.The greenhouse e is caused by gases like carbon dioxide 7.We should nottour back on the problem of climate change. 8.The professor's 1 on marine biology attracted many students 9.After the accident,the injured man was in sand needed immediate medical help. 10.The company was criticized for its d environmental practices. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B C B A C B C AA C 2.补全句子答案： 1.ecological 2.disastrous 3.shocked 4.Volcanic 5.overused 6.ecologically 3.首字母填空答案： 1.disaster 2.Volcanic 3.ecology 4.overuse 5.shockingly 6.effect 7.turn 8.lecture 9. shock 10.disastrous 英语词汇复习手册·必修2·Unit5:Humans and Nature Topic Talk