Unit 3 Sea Exploration 二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修4·人教版·Unit3 SeaExploration.二 一、重点单词详解 1:exploit 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t开发；利用；剥削 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：ploit(=fold,折叠，引申为”利用”) 名词：exploitation/,eksplor'terfn/(n.开发；剥削) 形容词：exploitative /Ik'splortatrv/(ad.剥削的；利用的) 三、必记搭配与例句 exploit natural resources（开发自然资源) exploit sb.for sth.(为某事剥削某人) exploit opportunities(利用机会) 四、重点辨析 exploit vs.utilize:exploit强调”为获利或自私目的而利用”，可能含贬义；utilize强调 有效利用”，中性。 2:arrest 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.逮捕；拘留；中止t逮捕：拘留；阻止 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：-（加强语气）+est（停留)→使停留→逮捕 名词：arrestment/a'restmant/(n.逮捕；财产扣押) 形容词：arresting/'restr/(adj.引人注意的) 三、必记搭配与例句 arrest sb.for sth.(因某事逮捕某人) under arrest(被捕) arrest one's attention(吸引某人注意) arrest the progress of(阻止…的进展) 3:possession 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.usually pl..]个人财产；拥有；控制 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：possess/p3'zes/(vt.拥有；持有) 形容词：possessive /p3'zesIv/(adj.占有的；所有格的) 名词：possession（由possess+-ion构成) 二、 必记搭配与例句 in possession of（拥有…) in the possession of（被…拥有) take possession of(占有；拥有) personal possessions(个人财产) 四、固定句型 be possessed of sth.(拥有某物，尤指品质或能力) e.g.He is possessed of great courage.(他胆识过人。) 4:exploit 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t.开发；利用：剥削 构词法（词性转换） 词根：ploit(=fold,折叠，引申为”利用”) 名词：exploitation/,eksplor'tern/(n.开发；剥削) 形容词：exploitative/Ik'splortatrv/(ad.剥削的；利用的) 三、必记搭配与例句 exploit natural resources（开发自然资源) exploit sb.for sth.(为某事剥削某人) exploit opportunities(利用机会) 四、拓展用法 exploit还可作名词，意为”英勇行为；功绩”(/eksplort//),如a heroic exploit(英雄壮 举) 5:marine 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.海的：海产的；海生的 二、构词法（辨析） 词根：mar(海)→maie(海的)；mermaid(美人鱼，me=mar) 同根词：maritime/'maertarm/(adj.海事的；沿海的) 三、必记搭配与例句 marine life(海洋生物) marine environment(海洋环境) marine resources (海洋资源) 四、词汇变形 marine-→nariner/'mema()/(n.水手；海员) 6:10g 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n) 核心义：vt.把…载入正式记录；记录n.正式记录；日志；原木 二、构词法（多义辨析） n.原木→t.伐木→引申为”记录”（如航海日志记录航程，如同”砍伐原木”般按顺序 进行) 二、 必记搭配与例句 logn/out(登录/退出电脑系统) log sth.dowm(记录某事) keep a log of（记录…) sleep like a log(睡得很沉) 四、词性转换 h.vt.:We logged the ship's speed at 15 knots.(我们记录船速为15节。) 7:opponent 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.反对者；对手；竞争者 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：oppose/pUz/(t.反对；反抗) 形容词：opposed/A'pauzd(adj.反对的；相反的) 名词：opponent(由oppose-+-ent构成，表”人”) 三、 必记搭配与例句 political opponents（政治对手) opponent in sth.(某方面的对手) be opposed to(反对…) 四、辨析 opponent vs.ival:opponent侧重”争论或竞争中的对手”；ival侧重？商业或体育上实 力相当的竞争者” 8:migrate 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vi.迁移；迁徙；移居 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：nigration /mar'greIfn/(迁移；迁徙) 形容词：migratory/'margrotri/(adj.迁徙的；移居的) 三、必记搭配与例句 migrate to sp.（迁移到某地) nig1 ate from...to..（从…迁移到…) bird migration(鸟类迁徙) 四、词汇变形 1n1g1 ation→1m1g1ate→m1g1ato1y 9:applaud 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vt.&vi.鼓掌t.称赞；赞赏 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：applause/a'plbz/(n.鼓掌；喝彩) 三、必记搭配与例句 applaud sb.for sth.(因某事称赞某人) applaud the decision(赞同这个决定) give sb.a round of applause(向某人鼓掌) 四、辨析 applaud vs.praise:applaud侧重”公开鼓掌或赞赏”；praise侧重”用语言表扬？ 10:tax 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n) 核心义：t对…征税；使纳税n.税；税款 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：taxable /'taeksabl/(adj.应纳税的) 名词：taxation /taek'serfn/(n.征税；税制) 三、必记搭配与例句 taxb.on sth.(对某人的某物征税) income tax(所得税) tax sb.'s patience（考验某人的耐心) 四、词性转换 vt.→n.:The government raised taxes on alcohol.(政府提高了酒税。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The company was accused ofchild labor in its overseas factories. A)exploiting B)utilizing C)exploring D)employing 2.The police three suspects for theft last night. A)arrested B)arrested for C)under arrest D)arrestment 3.She is_a large fortune left by her grandfather. A)in possession of B)in the possession of C)taken possession of D)possessing 4.life is facing serious threats due to ocean pollution. A)Marine B)Maritime C)Mariner D)Migration 5.Please_your name and address in the guest book before entering. A)log B)exploit C)migrate D)applaud 6.His political criticized the new policy fiercely during the debate. A)opponents B)rivals C)oppositions D)possessed 7.Every autumn,millions of birds from the north to warmer regions. A)migrate B)migrate to C)migration D)migratory 8.The audience_the pianist for his brilliant performance with a standing ovation. A)applauded B)praised C)applause D)exploited 9.The government plans to luxury goods to increase revenue. A)tax B)taxation C)taxable D)exploit 10.The captain kept a detailed of the ship's voyage across the Pacific. A)log B)possession C)arrest D)applause (二)根据提示补全句子(6题) 1.The(exploit)of natural resources should be balanced with environmental protection. 2.She was charged with possession of illegal drugs and placed(arrest) 3.The team's(oppose)to the new rules led to a heated discussion. 4.After years of(migrate),the family finally settled in Canada. 5.The scientist's_(possess)of extensive knowledge made her a leading expert in the field. 6.The company's_(tax)policy was criticized for being unfair to low-income groups. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The factory was shut down for eworkers with low wages and long hours. 2.He was a by the police for driving without a valid license. 3.All personal p must be checked before entering the museum. 4.The documentary focuses on the protection of m-ecosystems in the coral reefs 5.You need to 1 in with your student ID and password to access the online library. 6.Her political o_accused her of breaking campaign promises. 7.Many species of fish m-to cooler waters in summer to avoid the heat. 8.The audience erupted in awhen the singer finished her performance. 9.The new law will t sugary drinks to reduce public health risks. 10.The old sailor recorded his adventures in a1 during his voyage. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAAAAAAAAA 解析1（第1题）： 考查exploit的固定用法。exploit表示”剥削；利用”，符合句意”该公司被指控在其海 外工厂剥削童工”；utilize表示”利用”，exploring表示”探索，employing表示”雇佣”， 均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查arrest的固定用法。arrest sb.for sth.表示”因某事逮捕某人”，符合句意警方昨晚 因盗窃逮捕了三名嫌疑人”；nder arrest表示”被捕”，arrestment表示”逮捕”，均不符合 语法结构，故选A。 解析3（第4题）： 考查marine的固定用法。marine life表示”海洋生物”，符合句意”由于海洋污染，海洋 生物正面临严重威胁；maritime表示”海事的”，mariner表示”水手”，migration表示” 迁徙”，均不符合语境，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.exploitation 2.under arrest 3.opposition 4.migration 5.possession 6.taxation 3.首字母填空答案： 1.exploiting 2.arrested 3.possessions 4.marine 5.log 6.opponents 7.migrate 8.applause 9.tax 10.log 英语词汇复习手册·选修4·Unit3 Sea Exploration二