Unit 7 The natural world Grammar (课件）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

该初中英语课件聚焦Unit7语法，核心讲解S+V+O+O（双宾）、S+V+O+C（宾补）两种句子结构及连词and, but, or, so的用法。课堂导入先复习S+V等基本句型，通过打篮球、放风筝等场景例句自然过渡到新结构，构建从已知到未知的学习支架。 其亮点在于结合自然主题语境（如沙漠植物储水、生态系统描述）分析语法，通过双宾与宾补结构对比、连词错误辨析提升语言能力和思维品质，练习从基础填空到写作应用层次分明，助力学习能力培养。学生能系统掌握语法并灵活运用，教师可直接使用丰富实例和练习提升教学效率。

Yolanda (Grammar) Verbs and sentence structures (II） & Using and, but, or and so Unit7 The natural world Observe and explore the structural features of the sentence patterns S+V+O+O and S+V+O+C. Understand and grasp the meanings and usage of the conjunctions "and," "but," "or," and "so,". Learning objectives 1. Autumn arrives. S + V 2. We play football. S + V + O 3. They are quite different. S + V + P S + V 主语+不及物动词 S + V + O 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 S + V + P 主语+系动词 + 表语 “1.be” “2.感官” “3.变得” “4.保持” “5.似乎” Review 1. You love summer best. 2. We read books every day. 3. Her brother has a good sense of humor. 4. The temperature drops. 5. Food here tastes nice. 6. She is a hard-working girl. Write the correct sentence structures 1.S+V 2.S+V+O 2.S+V+O 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P 3.S+V+P 1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P Review love read has drops tastes is 1. You love summer best. 2. We read books every day. 3. Her brother has a good sense of humor. 4. The temperature drops. 5. Food here tastes nice. 6. She is a hard-working girl. Q：What can be subjects/objects/verbs? 1. Subjects are usaully 2. Objects are usually 3. Verbs are usually Nouns or pronouns Nouns or pronouns Action verbs or linking verbs Review A. Verbs and sentence structures (II) We play basketball. They are flying kites. Subject (S)主语 Verb (V)谓语动词 transitive verb （及物动词） (vt. ) Subject (S)主语 Verb (V)谓语动词 transitive verb （及物动词） (vt. ) Object (O)宾语 Object (O)宾语 S + V +O.(主语+及物动词+宾语） Presentation    S    + V   + O.    S + + + O 间接宾语 O 直接宾语 Sentence structure 4： S+V+O+O 主+谓+ 简宾+直宾 The sun gives light and heat ____ ocean animals. to V indirect object (IO) 人 direct object(DO)物 The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. Presentation We should build local wildlife a better home. S + + + V Sentence structure 4: IO DO We should build a better home____ local wildlife. for S+V+O+O 主+谓+ 简宾+ 直宾 双宾语之间可以通过增加介词for/to来互换位置。 We can change the structure: S+V+O+O with to. e.g. The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals. verbs can be used with to: bring give hand lend offer pass post read sell send show take teach tell write Presentation Presentation We can change the structure: S+V+O+O with for. e.g. We should build local wildlife a better home. We should build a better home for local wildlife. verbs can be used with for: build buy cook find get leave make order pick prepare save 有些谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。有的谓语动词后面出现双宾语 (人)间接宾语和(物)直接宾语。 在具体表达时,可以将直接宾语提前。如果直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后,要根据具体的意思在间接宾语前加上相应的介词to or for。 My parents bought me some storybooks. My parents bought some storybooks for me. Some verbs can take two objects, a direct object and an indirect object. We can change the order of the direct and indirect objects by using to or for. Summary 用to/for填空 1.The boy often feeds meat _____ his dog. 2.We want to buy a present _____ our teacher. 3.Don’t give too much money _____ your son. 4. Please pass the form ______ next one. 5. The government built several buildings ______ children in poor areas . to for to to for Practice The nature gives us a lot of presents. S+V+IO+DO S V Indirect Object (间接宾语) IO DO Direct Object (直接宾语) S V IO DO sb. sth. Millie’s parents bought her some books. Millie’s mother is cooking a cake for her. Millie sent me an e-mail. I am making Millie a toy. S V IO DO S V IO DO S V IO DO We made the forest the topic of this class. They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth. Presentation We made the forest the topic of this class. They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth. S S V V O 宾语 O 宾语 C (object complement) 宾语补足语 C 宾补 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况。 Sentence structure 5: S+V + O + C 主+谓+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语 Presentation 宾语补足语(C或OC),简称宾补(宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的情况) 动词虽然是及物动词,但是一宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。 Presentation Presentation 1. A boy makes him angry O C adj. 作宾补 2. We call the man David. O C n. 作宾补 3. We often find him in the zoo. O C 介词短语作宾补 What can be object completement? 4.They consider the idea theirs. O C 代词. 作宾补 5. I asked her to help. O C 动词不定式. 作宾补 6. I saw him running. O C 分词作宾补 Object Complement (C) Noun or noun phrase (名词或名词短语) Adjective (形容词) Pronoun (代词) Prepositional phrase (on/in/at …) Infinitive (to do) Participle (doing/done) Summary 1. My mum allowed me to go back home before 10:00 p.m. 常见的带to不定式作宾补的动词有：tell, ask, want, would like, wish, teach, invite… (V. sb to do sth) 2. I often see the old man play Tai Chi in that park. 常见的不带to不定式作宾补的动词有：一感二听三让四看 feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /see, watch, notice, look at (V. sb do/doing sth) 3. She often helps me to do the housework. (help. sb (to) do sth) Object completement with/without to do Revision 3.We think Suqian a beautiful city. S V DO OC S V DO OC 1.We can see birds fly south. 2. I often watch autumn leaves fall. S+V+DO+OC Practice S V OC DO S + V + O + C (宾补) S + V + O + O(双宾) We call the man David. The boy made him angry. He told us to go home. I found it important. We can’t give the baby much food. The teacher teaches her Maths. Mum makes me a cake. My friend shows us a book. Tips: 双宾可___ ___ 宾补能___ ___ 互 换 修 饰 Let’s compare Presentation Judge sentence structure： A： S+V+O+O B： S+V+O+C 1. I will make my grandpa some jiaozi. 2. I had my computer repaired. 3. Mum is watching us skating. 4. He sent his friend a birthday gift. 5. We bought ourselves some warm clothes. A B B A A Practice Sentences Adverbials When How Where Adverbial of time Adverbial of manner Adverbial of place She gave me a gift yesterday. She found the book interesting after reading it. He told us a story in a soft voice. He painted the wall blue carefully. They talked in her office. She gave the poor cat some cat food at the park. Presentation The desert Deserts are difficult places for animals to live. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. Many desert plants give animals water. These plants store the water in their leaves. Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy. S+V+O+O S + O + C S + O + C S+V+O+O Practice 1. Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I found this book interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．We have four seasons. C．Eddie is watching Hobo work. D．Mum and Dad gave me nice presents. 2. Which of the following sentences has the same sentence structure as “The coffee smells so nice.”? A．The thunder sounds terrible. B．The cat smelt the fish. C．The teacher teaches me English. D．It makes the soup taste better. 3. The structure of the sentence “I won’t lend you my homework.” is___ . A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V Practice 4. Which of the following sentence does fit the sentence structure “S ＋V＋O”? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．East or west, home is best. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Care and diligence bring luck. 5. Jenny expects her mother to be healthy. A．主语 B．表语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 6. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as“The children are playing happily on the playground.”? A．Some children are playing football. B．They are passing the ball to each other. C．The coach teaches them to work as a team. D．They are listening carefully around the coach. B. Using and, but, or and so Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain. This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food. conjunctions 连词 and表示“和,又”，表示并列关系，所连接的成分意思类似。 but表示“但是”,表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。 Presentation Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland. Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves. or表示“或者”,表示选择关系。 so表示“因此，所以”，表示因果关系。 We use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together. Rainforests are hot. They get a lot of rain. Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain. When joining more than two expressions,we usually only put and before the last. The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand. Oceans provide food for many animals, produce oxygen and store heat from the sun. We use but to join ideas that are different. This kind of fish can find enough space here. They can find little food. This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food. We use and to join similar or related ideas. Summary We use or to introduce another possibility. Birds can live in the forest. They can also live in the wetland. Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland. In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas. The deep ocean isn’t warm. The deep ocean isn’t bright. The deep ocean isn’t noisy. The deep ocean isn’t warm, bright or noisy. We use so to express the result of something. Deserts are dry. Some plants keep water in their leaves. Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves. Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees. Wetlands can have salt water and fresh water. There are forests in Asia and in Europe. Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot. Some rainforest animals don’t like wind or rain. Practice 1）判断改错： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and ate there. F F F and 用法 eating sing talked 1.“and” 连接平行结构。 1. Try your best __ you’ll make more progress. A. and B. but C. or D.so 2. Study hard, ______ your English will be better. A. but B. and C. so D.but 2.祈使句，and +好的结果; 3.肯定句中用“and” 表“和”； VS 否定句中用“or”表“和” ① 我喜欢英语和数学。 ② 我不喜欢英语和数学。 I like English _____ math. I don’t like English ____ math. and or Study hard, _____ your math will be worse. 2. Don’t lose heart, __ you’ll lose all. A. and B. so C. or D.but or 2.祈使句，or “否则”+坏结果 。 or 用法 1.否定句中用“or”表“和” 。 Do you often go home on foot or by bike? What would you like to drink, coffee or tea? 3.or 表示选择，“或者” 。 表转折的连词but 和however： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。) He worked hard, ______ he failed in the end. He worked hard. _________, he failed in the end. but However but 用法 区别: 1.but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句； however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。 2. although/ though虽然 和but这两个关联词不能同用。 e.g. Although he failed, but he did not lose heart. (F) 改为：Although he failed, he did not lose heart. 或 He failed, but he did not lose heart. e.g. Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. (F) 改正：John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 或：Because John was ill , I took him to the doctor. because 和 so 等关联词都不能同时使用。 so 用法 Practice Practice Judge whether the conjunctions are correctly used in the following sentences. Put a tick (√) in the bracket if the sentence is correct, and a cross (×) if incorrect, and then correct the mistakes. ( ) (1) Bees are tiny, so they play a big role in helping plants grow. ( ) (2) Frogs can live on land or in water. ( ) (3) Elephants are the largest land animals, but they need a lot of food every day to survive. ( ) (4) Mountains are home to many animals, and they can also affect the weather. but so √ × × √ __________ (make) your English better, you should study hard. To make Tip: 若逗号处有连词 (e.g. and, but), 逗号前常用祈使句；若逗号处无连词，逗号前的用非谓语动词。 __________ (make) your English better, and you should study hard. Make _________ (improve) your writing skills, you need to practice more. _________ (finish) your homework first, and you can watch TV later. _________ (keep) healthy, we should do exercise every day. _________ (calm) down, and you’ll solve the problem easily. _________ (learn) a foreign language well, it’s necessary to read more. Practice To improve Finish To keep Make To learn 1. Mary thinks geography is really difficult, ________ she doesn’t like it. A．but B．if C．so D．or 2. It’s getting warmer __ warmer. A．so B．because C．but D．and 3. He or the twins __ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from D．was from 4. Not Tom but I ___ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. are D．be 5.—Would you like to eat Chinese food ________ Western food? —Chinese food! A．and B．but C．or D．so 6. Smile to the world, ______ the world will smile back to you. A. nor B. but C. or D. and A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。 Practice 1. Which is bigger, the sun ____ the moon? 2. It was hard work, ______ they really enjoyed it. 3. It was our first lesson, ____ the teacher didn't know our names. 4. Yancheng is beautiful, ____ it’s cold in winter. 5. There is no air ___ water on the moon. 6. That was a long _____ boring speech. 7. They made faces, ____ we all laughed. 8. Hurry up, _____ you will miss the bus. 9. I don‘t like chicken, ____ I like fish. 10. Charlie took the job, _____ he did it well. or but so but or and so or but and 46 Homework Must do: 1. Finish exercises on workbook. 2. Write a passage to introduce an ecosystem you are familiar with five sentence structures, using and, but, or and so to join your ideas. $