内容正文:
期末复习考点串讲
Unit 7 & Unit 8 人与社会/人与自然
(志愿服务与公共服务、环保意识与行为)
冀教版2025·八年级英语上册
考 情 透 视
知 识 梳 理
语 法 串 讲
真 题 引 领
目 录
01
考情透视·目标导航
语法串讲·融会贯通
知识梳理·夯实基础
真题引领·实战训练
02
03
04
(动词不定式)
(单词、短语、句型积累)
课标要求
考情分析
第一部分
考情透视·目标导航
考情透视·目标导航
课标要求
“人与社会”范畴下的“社会服务与人际沟通”主题群中的“志愿服务与公共服务”子主题。&“人与自然”范畴下的“环境保护”主题群中的“污染及原因、环保意识与行为”子主题。
1. 谈论不同的志愿活动;理解志愿活动的意义;撰写你的志愿者经历。。
2. 理解环境保护的重要性;谈论环境污染的成因;了解环境问题及环境保护的方法。。
01
主题
02
学习目标
考情透视·目标导航
考情分析
语法与词汇 动词不定式定义;语法特征;具体用法。
志愿服务与公共服务、污染、污染原因和环保意识与行为的词汇。
阅读理解 了解志愿活动类型、参与志愿实践、感悟志愿价值,助力增强社会责任感,提升参与社会服务的意识与能力。了解保护环境的重要性,讨论环境污染的原因。
写作与表达 活动安排,展现志愿行动的开展过程;环境问题和保护措施。
单词、短语、句型
第二部分
知识梳理·夯实基础
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
7. ________________
8. ________________
9. ______________
10. _____________
11. _____________
12. _____________
13. _____________
14. _____________
15. _____________
16. _____________
Unit 7 Let’s volunteer
目的;用途
社区;社会
收集;采集;收藏
圾;废弃物
自愿性的;志愿的
活动安排;课程
准备;预备
语法
purpose
collect
rubbish
voluntary
program
preparation
community
迎接;欢迎
负责的
信息;通知
特点
谈话
舒适的
看(或听)到n. 注意
主持人; v. 主办,主持
greet
responsible
information
characteristic
conversation
grammar
comfortable
notice
host
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
17. ________________
18. ________________
19. ________________
20. ________________
21. ________________
广播节目;收音机
考试;检查
交流;沟通
帮助;支持
知识;智慧
communicate
support
radio
exam
wisdom
Unit 7 Let’s volunteer
在…… 的一侧
调查;
尝试
在…… 方面起作用
对…… 负责任
接近
成为…… 的参与人员在…… 的中心
路过
清理干净
给某人提供某物
很少
让…… 开心
你真好!
留下,扔下
9. ______________
10. _____________
11. _____________
12. _____________
13. ______________
14. ______________
15. _______________
知识梳理·夯实基础
二、重点短语
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
on the side of...
check out
be part of
in the centre of
pass by
be responsible for
make a difference in
be/get close to
clean up
provide sb. with sth.
Unit 7 Let’s volunteer
try one’s hand at
a little bit of
make one’s day
That’s very kind of you!
leave... behind
知识梳理·夯实基础
三、重点句型
1.___________________________ is to help others (志愿服务的主要目的是帮助他人。)
2. I _________________ on the internet!(我在网上查过啦!)
3. Helping others ______________ a lot of fun!(帮助他人听起来超有趣!)
4. Join our program and ________________ in their lives.
(加入我们的项目,改变他们的生活。 )
5. You will ________________answering questions and _____________________ donors.
(你将负责为捐赠者答疑并提供信息 。 )
The main purpose of volunteering
looked it up
sounds like
make a difference
be responsible for providing information for
Unit 7 Let’s volunteer
6. I just _______________ that park .(我刚路过那个公园。)
7. It is _______________________.(它如此有趣。 )
8. But sometimes they _____________________.(但有时会留下垃圾。)
9. Just __________________________with them could make their day happy.
(只是花一点时间陪他们,就能让他们开心一整天。 )
10.Sometimes ____________ communicate with some of the elderly people
_________ their health problems. (有时由于健康问题,和一些老年人交流很困难。 )
知识梳理·夯实基础
三、重点句型
passed by
so much fun
leave garbage behind
spending a little bit of time
it was hard to
Unit 7 Let’s volunteer
because of
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
7. ________________
8. ________________
9. ______________
10. _____________
11. _____________
12. _____________
13. _____________
14. _____________
15. _____________
16. _____________
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
鲨鱼
塑料adj. 塑料的;瓶子;一瓶(的量)
垃圾箱;大储藏箱
回收利用;再利用
.鲸
枪;炮
千克;公斤
shark
bottle
bin
recycle
whale
plastic
胃;腹部
状况;形势
更糟的;更坏的
生产;制造
吨;大量;许多
产品;结果
垃圾;浪费 v. 浪费
导致死亡;杀死;破坏
gun
stomach
kilo
situation
worse
produce
ton
product
waste
kill
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
17. ________________
18. ________________
19. ________________
20. ________________
21. ________________
22. ________________
23. ________________
24. ________________
污染;弄脏
变差;遭受;受苦
便宜的
减少;降低
几乎不
政府
死气沉沉的
土地;陆地 v. 着陆
pollute
suffer
cheap
hardly
government
dead
reduce
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
land
25. ________________
26. ________________
27. ________________
28. ________________
29. ________________
30. ________________
31. ________________
32. ________________
条件;状况
技术;工艺
存活;幸存;
世纪;百年
精神;心灵
v. 完成adj. 完全的
天然气;气体
石油;原油;油
condition
technology
survive
spirit
complete
gas
century
oil
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
33. ________________
34. ________________
35. ________________
36 ________________
37. ________________
38. ________________
39. ________________
40. ________________
地球;行星
增加;增长
影响; v. 引起
严重的;严肃的
造成; n. 原因
洪水;大量
暴风雨
行动;行为
planet
increase
effect
cause
flood
storm
serious
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
action
41. ________________
设法解决
n. 地址;演讲
address
去游泳
你在跟我开玩笑。
对……有害
变糟糕
同意做……
剩余的
大量;无数
容易做
知识梳理·夯实基础
二、重点短语
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
go for a swim
You’re kidding me.
be harmful to
get worse
agree to do
the rest of
millions (of...)
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
be easy to do
9. ______________
10. _____________
11. _____________
12. _____________
13. ______________
14. ______________
15. _______________
16. _______________
对……有很大影响
把……变成……
实施
继续
发烧
导致
放慢;放缓
关闭
have a big impact on
change... into...
carry out
carry on
get a fever
lead to
slow down
turn off
1. If we do nothing, the situation will________ .如果我们什么都不做,情况会变得更糟糕。
2. How about ______________ the beach?清理一下海滩怎么样?
3. They feel proud that they__________________ at the beach.
他们为自己在海滩上有所作为而感到自豪。
4. Humans produce _______________ of plastic every year.人类每年生产数百万吨塑料。
5. Bring your own shopping bag ________________ using a plastic one.
自带购物袋而不是使用塑料袋。
知识梳理·夯实基础
三、重点句型
get worse
cleaning up
instead of
made a difference
millions of tons
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
6. Small changes in our daily habits will__________________ reducing plastic waste.
我们日常生活中的小改变将对减少塑料垃圾产生巨大的影响。
7.In 1962, the government decided _________ this dead land_____a forest.
1962年政府决定把这个荒芜的土地改造成森林。
8.It ______________________ in environmental protection.
它在环境保护方面发挥着重要作用。
9. Nowadays, Saihanba is__________ the largest human-made forest___________ a popular tourist spot.当今塞罕坝不仅是最大的人工林还是受欢迎的旅游景点。
知识梳理·夯实基础
三、重点句型
have a big impact on
to change into
plays an important role
not only but also
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
语法串讲
即时检测
第三部分
语法串讲·融会贯通
动词不定式(to+原形动词)是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
语法串讲·融会贯通
不定式(to-infinitive)
语法串讲·融会贯通
Read and write down the components of these sentences.
1. To use colouring pencils is a way to protect the earth.
( ) ( )
2. You should try to eat less meat and more vegetables.
( )
3. I want you to help me.
( )
4. To carry out the task, the government organised a group of 369 foresters.
( )
5. Another great way to help is by planting trees in our community.
( )
定语
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
目的状语
定语
不定式(to-infinitive)
语法串讲·融会贯通
不定式(to-infinitive)
1. 动词不定式作主语:
不定式具有名词的特征,可在句子中充当主语:
To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。
用it作形式主语
在很多情况下,人们通常用it作形式上的主语,而把真正主语不定式置于句末,使句子结构显得平衡一些。
It is impossible to learn a foreign language without effort.
不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。
2. 动词不定式作宾语。
They hoped to learn English well.
注意:以下动词后面的宾语用不定式:afford(负担得起), agree(同意), ask(要求), begin(开始), continue(继续), decide(决定), expect(期待), hope(希望), hate(不愿), manage(设法), offer(表示愿意), plan(计划), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝), want(想要), wish(希望)等。
I am determined to give up smoking.
注意:类似的系表结构还有:be glad to, be sorry to, be afraid to, be pleased to, be willing to, be eager to, be anxious to, be ready to, be sure to等。
语法串讲·融会贯通
不定式(to-infinitive)
不定式(to-infinitive)
语法串讲·融会贯通
3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常放在宾语后, 基本结构为:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.
1.带 to 的不定式作宾补
常见动词:ask, tell, want, teach, allow, invite, encourage, advise, prepare 等。
2. 不带 to 的不定式作宾补(省略 to)
常见动词:使役动词:make, let, have(表示 “使、让”)
感官动词:see, hear, watch, notice, feel(表示 “看、听、感觉”)
核心逻辑:强调动作的 “全过程” 或 “事实本身”,被动语态中需还原 to。
3.特殊情况:help 后接不定式作宾补help 后可带 to,也可不带 to,两种形式均正确:She helped me (to) clean up the beach.
4.动词不定式(to do)作目的状语,是用来说明谓语动作的目的(即 “做某个动作是为了达成什么结果”)
1. 不定式位于句末(最常用)。结构:主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分 + to do sth.
2. 不定式位于句首(强调目的)结构:To do sth., 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分(句首不定式后需加逗号)。
To get good grades, I study hard every day this term.
不定式(to-infinitive)
语法串讲·融会贯通
5. 动词不定式作定语,不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。
Do you have anything to say?
即时检测
语法串讲·融会贯通
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.________(make) more money, the old woman gets up early every day to sell vegetables.
2.The boy brought the map closer ______(see) it clearly.
3.What do you think we can do _______(save) the animals?
4.Rick took some delicious food and fruit _______(visit) his friend in hospital.
5.In winter, the birds fly to the south _______(find) a warm and sunny place.
6.We have to study hard ________(make) our country stronger.
7._________(arrive) at school early, he ran out for the first bus.
8.Danny walked to the market ______(buy) some fruit.
To make
to see
to save
to visit
to find
to make
To arrive
to buy
第四部分
真题引领·实战训练
综合训练
拓展提升
一、单项选择
真题引领·实战训练
1.(2017·四川内江·中考真题)I don't know how to deal with the problem.
A.状语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾补
2. (23-24八年级下·四川·期中)It’s the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
A.状语 B.真正的主语 C.表语 D.谓语
3. (23-24八年级下·四川·期中)But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
A.定语 B.主语 C.状语 D.谓语
4.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·月考)He doesn’t have a partner to practice English with.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.定语 D.谓语
√
√
√
√
一、单项选择
真题引领·实战训练
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine.
A.enjoy B.to enjoy C.enjoyed D.enjoying
2.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon.
A.to practise B.practising C.practised D.practise
3. (2023·江苏镇江·中考真题)Travellers can’t wait ________ their new tours in the coming holiday. A.to start B.starting C.started D.start
“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“建议某人做某事”,根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知,此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
根据句子结构可知,空处应是动词不定式作目的状语,表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。
√
√
can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”,不定式做宾语。故选A。
√
一、单项选择
真题引领·实战训练
4.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give C.giving D.gave
5. (2023·四川甘孜·中考真题)Mike made faces to make his little brother __________.
A. laughs B.laugh C.to laugh D.laughing
invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”,不定式做宾语补足语。故选B。
√
√
make sb. do sth“让某人做某事”,此处laugh是省略to 的动词原形。故选B。
三、写作训练
1.假如你是李华,请阅读并回复美国的笔友Tony的邮件。邮件需涵盖Tony的所有问题,可适当添加。词数:不少于80词。首句已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua,
How’s it going? Winter holiday is coming, I’m going to Harbin to visit you. I know the 9th Asian Winter Games (亚洲冬季运动会) will be held (举办) in Harbin in February 2025. You will be one of the volunteers (志愿者). Can you tell me something about Harbin? What will you do as a volunteer? I am looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Tony
真题引领·实战训练
三、写作训练
范文:
真题引领·实战训练
Dear Tony,
Everything goes well. I’m really happy you’re coming to Harbin! I can’t wait to see you.
Harbin is a really beautiful city in winter, well-known for its amazing ice and snow. Here, you can enjoy beautiful ice lanterns and have great fun skiing with friends or family. As a volunteer, I’m ready to help visitors find their way easily. I will also introduce Harbin’s interesting culture, like its special food and local customs. I hope every traveler can feel warm and happy during their trip.
Let’s enjoy this wonderful winter time in Harbin together and make nice memories!
Yours,
Li Hua
[总体分析]
①题材: 本文是一篇电子邮件;
②时态:时态主要为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已明确给出,考生应注意不要遗漏“Tony的邮件”中哈尔滨的冬季美景、活动以及自己作为志愿者的角色和希望的介绍要点,可适当增加细节,使文章重点突出。
[写作步骤]
第一步:开头已给出,表达了对Tony即将到来的高兴心情,为下文介绍哈尔滨作铺垫;
第二步:具体介绍哈尔滨的冬季特色,包括美丽的冰灯、滑雪的乐趣,以及自己作为志愿者的准备和活动,如帮助游客指路、介绍哈尔滨的文化等;
第三步:总结全文,表达了对与Tony一起在哈尔滨度过美好冬日的期待,并希望留下美好回忆。语。
三、写作训练
2.大自然是美丽的。这里四季分明,鸟语花香,动物成群。然而近年来,全球极端天气频现,自然灾害频发,引起了全球对环境保护以及动物保护的思考。请你根据下面的问题,以“Protect the natural world”为题,写一篇英语演讲稿,呼吁全体师生积极行动,构建人类与自然命运共同体。
1. Why is it important to protect the natural world?
2. What problems does nature face?
3. What should we do to protect the natural world?
注意:
(1) 词数80左右,开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数;
(2) 短文应包括所有问题要点,可作适当发挥以使文章连贯;
(3) 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Protect the natural world
Good morning, everyone! Today, I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world.
真题引领·实战训练
三、写作训练
范文:
真题引领·实战训练
Protect the natural world
Good morning, everyone! Today, I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world.
The natural world belongs to all of us. I think everybody should take care of the environment. There are many environmental problems nowadays. People cut down trees for production. Waste of water and electricity can be seen everywhere. Rubbish is often thrown into rivers and lakes, and many of them are polluted. There are many things that we can do to protect the natural world. We must collect and sort the rubbish into different groups. We can take our own bags when shopping. Let’s take action.
That’s all. Thank you for listening!
【总体分析】
①题材:本文是一篇讲稿;
②时态:本文应使用“一般现在时”为主;
③提示:应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充,使文章内容充实。
【写作步骤】
第一步,借用文章已给开头,阐述保护自然的重要性;
第二步,根据题干的要点,描述自然面临的问题;
第三步,提出具体行动建议并呼吁行动。
[高分句型]
①I think everybody should take care of the environment. (宾语从句)
②There are many things that we can do to protect the natural world. (定语从句)
感谢聆听
THANKS FOR LISTENING
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