专题04 八上易错点、名词的数、不定代词、if 引导的条件状语从句 （寒假复习讲义）八年级英语新教材人教版

专题04 八上易错点、名词的数、不定代词、if 引导的条件状语从句 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 八上易错点 名词的数 不定代词 if 引导的条件状语从句 1.make sure 2. able 3.stick 4. achieve 5.health. 6.possible 7.introduce 8. meaning 9. fail 10.accept 1.可数名词有复数形式 2.名词所有格 1.常见的复合不定代词的含义 2.复合不定代词的用法 1.时态 2.同义句转换 重点01 八上易错点 1.make sure ①make sure of (doing) sth确保做某事 ②make sure +（that）确保... （1） 你离开前一定要关灯。 _______ _______ _______ ________ ________the light before you leave. （2） 当你离开房间时，确保门已锁好。 ________ ________ the door is locked when you leave the room. 2. able ①able adj.能够；有能力的 → unable_adj.不能的→ ability_n.能力 be able to do sth能够做某事 ②一般现在时：am/is/are able to 一般过去时：was/were able to 一般将来时：will/ be going to be able to ③be able to 与 can 的区别： can 有人称、数的变化 be able to 无人称、数的变化；一般过去时：could 3.stick stick 可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“粘贴;将...刺入”，其过去式和过去分词均为stuck。常用短语stick to 意为“坚持”。stick 作名词，意为“枝条；棍” （1）What's wrong with this stamp? It won't stick. ______ （2）Don't stick pins into the chair! ______ （3）Don't keep changing your friends. Get a few good friends and stick to them. ______ （4）He picked up sticks to make a fire. ______ 4. achieve achieve 作动词，意为“实现”;achievement是 achieve 的名词形式，意为“成就”。 achieve 与 come true 的用法区别 achieve 作及物动词，指实现梦想、目标，主语是人 come true 为不及物动词短语，一般由物（理想、愿望等）作主语 （1）他希望尽快达到所有目标。 He hopes to ___________ all his aims soon. （2）最后，他的梦想实现了。 At last, his dream ___________ . 5.health ①health n.健康 → healthyadj.健康的→ unhealthyadj.不健康的→ healthilyadj.健康地→ healthier（形容词的比较级）→ healthiest（形容词的最高级） ②be in good health身体好 keep healthy保持健康 6.possible possible adj.可能的→ impossible adj.不可能的→possibility n. 可能；可能性→possibly adv. 可能；也许 对于一个八个月大的婴儿来说，走路是可能的。 It's ___________ for an eight-month baby to walk. 7.introduce introduce v.介绍；引见→introduction n.介绍；引进 introduce.. to.. 把...介绍给... introduce oneself 自我介绍 introduce sth to/into sth首次引入某物 （1）让我把我的朋友介绍给你。 Let me_______ _______ _______ ________ you. （2）咖啡是什么时候传入英国的？ When was coffee_______ _______ Britain? （3）我们的第一位参赛者就不用介绍了。 Our first contestant needs no______________. 8. meaning meaning n.意思→mean v.意思是→meaningful adj.有意义的→meaningless adj.无意义的 “是什么意思？”的表达： What's the meaning of...?=__________________________=__________________________ 9. fail fail v.失败；不及格→failure n.失败 fail to do sth未能做某事 fail the exam考试不及格 learn from failure从失败中学习 Failure is the mother of success失败是成功之母 10.accept accept 与 receive 的用法区别 accept 指经过考虑，由主观意志来決定是否接受，动作执行者本身是主动的。 receive 指收到某物的动作，不含有本身是否愿意接受的感情色彩。 （1）她已经收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。 She has _________ his present, but she will not _________ it. （2）她们接受邀请并获了奖。 They _________the invitation and_________the award. 重点02名词的数 知识精讲 ( 考点一 可数名词有复数形式 ) 可数名词有复数形式，构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 (1)规则变化 规则 例词 一般情况下加-s apple－apples　ruler－rulers 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加-es bus－buses　box－boxes　watch－watches　brush－brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再 加-es city－cities　country－countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v，再加-es knife－knives　leaf－leaves 以o结尾的，有生命的加－es，无生命的加-s 在初中英语范围内加－es的主要有以下3个：tomato－tomatoes、potato－potatoes、hero－heroes (2)不规则变化 a.单复数同形的：deer－deer、sheep－sheep、fish－fish(表示鱼的数量)、people－people b.熟记下列词的复数变化：man－men、woman－women、policeman－policemen、foot－feet、tooth－teeth、mouse－mice、child－children、goose－geese c.以man、 woman作定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher－two men teachers；其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student－two girl students d.“某国人”的复数口诀：中日不变，英法变，其他统统加－s：Chinese－Chinese，Japanese－Japanese，Englishman－Englishmen，Frenchman－Frenchmen，American－Americans，German－Germans 【易错提醒】 复合名词(名词+名词)复数形式 ①在一般情况下 ，将主体名词变为复数； two apple trees 两棵苹果树 five shoe shops 五家鞋店 grow-up - - - grow-ups 成年人 passer-by - - - passers-by 过路人 ②man (woman) + 名词构成的复合名词,前后两个名词都变复数形式； two men teachers 两个男老师 three women nurses 三个女护士 ③sport 名词作定语时, 用 sports sports meeting ( 考点 二 名词所有格 ) 1.’s所有格的构成 情况 构成方法 示例 单数名词 加’s Mike’s　girl’s 以s结尾的复数名词 加’ students’　parents’ 不以s结尾的复数名词 加’s Children’s Day　Women’s Day 2.’s所有格的用法 (1)表示有生命的名词通常在其后加’s或’。 (2)表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命的名词常用’s所有格。 two hours’ walk两小时的路程　　　today’s newspaper今日报纸 (3)表示两人或多人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加“’s”；如果为各自所有，则各个名词后都加“’s”。 Lucy and Lily’s room　　Lucy 和 Lily 的房间(共有) Lucy’s and Lily’s books　　Lucy 和Lily的书(分别拥有) (4)有时为了避免重复，如果一个被’s所有格修饰的名词在上文已经提到过，或两个’s所有格所修饰的词相同，往往可以省略第二个所有格的名词。 It’s not Lisa’s mistake， but Jack’s.这不是Lisa的错，而是Jack的错。 (5)表示某人的店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，’s所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at Tom’s 在Tom家　　　 at the doctor’s 在诊所 (6)’s所有格常用来表示节日。 Women’s Day 妇女节　　Father’s Day 父亲节 【易错提醒】 表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、团体等无生命的东西的名词，也可用's构成所有格； A：用于时间 an hour's ride 骑车 1 小时的路程, two weeks' time 两周时间, today's , yesterday's eight days' holiday = an eight-day holiday = an 8-day holiday 八天的假期five minutes' walk = a five-minute walk 步行 5 分钟的路程 B：用于度量 thirteen tons' weight 13 吨重量, five hundred meters' distance 500 米距离 C：用于价值 a hundred yuan's order 100 元订货单, a hundred pounds' note 100 英镑钞票 D：用于天体 the world's , the sun's, the earth's satellite E：用于国家 Belgium's capital 比利时的首都 本篇资料在公众号: F：用于城市 Heilongjiang's agriculture 黑龙江的农业 3.of所有格 由“名词＋of＋名词”构成，用来表示无生命名词的所有关系。 Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province.福州是福建省的省会。 4.双重所有格 由“名词＋of＋’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格的形式来表示所有关系。 Mike is a friend of my father’s.Mike是我父亲的一位朋友。 These are two photos of mine.这些是我的两张照片。 好题精练 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There are many (child) in the park. 2. I have two (knife) in my pencil box. 3. How many (class) are there in your school? 4. There are some (tomato) on the plate. 5. My father has three (radio) in his study. 6. These (woman) are from America. 7. I like (potato) very much. 8. There are a lot of (sheep) on the hill. 9. He has two (foot), but he can't walk. 10. (leaf) turn yellow in autumn. 11. This is (Lucy) bike. 12. Those are (children) toys. 13. (today) news is very interesting. 14. The (students) desks are clean . 15. That is (my brother) dog. 16. We are going to (Tom) house. 17. These are (women) clothes. 18. The (boss) car is very expensive. 19. (Mike and John) classroom is big. 20. I like (my father) car. 二．改写句子 1. That is Lily's book.（改为 of 所有格，用双重所有格）That is a book ________ _________. 2. The cover of the notebook is green .（改为's 所有格）________ __________ cover is green. 3. This is a pen of his.（改为同义句，用名词性物主代词） This pen ________ _________. 3. The windows of the house are clean .（改为's 所有格） ________ ________ windows are clean . 4. These are two of my sister's toys.（改为 of 所有格基本形式） These are two toys ________ ________ ___________. 重点03复合不定代词 知识精讲 　　复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等构成的不定代词。这些词在句中的作用相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。 1. 常见的复合不定代词的含义 some-类 any-类 no-类 every-类 -one someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone每人;人人;所有人 -body somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody每人;人人;所有人 -thing something 某事;某物 anything 任何东西;任何事物 nothing没有什么;没有一件东西 everything所有事情;一切 2. 复合不定代词的用法 (1)含-body和-one的复合不定代词只用来指人,可互换。含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指物。 I can hear somebody/someone moving about upstairs. 我听见楼上有人来回走动。 Everything is ready. 万事俱备。 (2)some-构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中;any-构成的复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于表示请求的疑问句中时,往往希望对方给予肯定的答复。当any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示"任何"之意。 He found something strange but interesting. 他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。 Do you have anything to say? 你有话要说吗? Can someone come over and help me?能不能过来一个人帮我一下? We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from happening.我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。 (3)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗? Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.世上无难事,只怕有心人。 (4)复合不定代词的定语常后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面。 Can you tell me something interesting? 你能告诉我一些有趣的事情吗? 好题精练 一、汉译英 1. Is there ( 一些新的事情) in today's newspaper? 2. There's (没有特别的事) today. 3. Did you meet (有趣的人) yesterday? 4. I have (一些重要的事情) to tell you. 5. Do you know (任何人) at Tom's birthday party last night? 6. You can't go (任何地方)unless you have important things these days. 7. Do you have (什么要说的)? 二、句型转换 1. Sam bought something special for himself. 否定: . 一般疑问： ? 2. I did nothing special last weekend. 同义句： . 3. Sam didn't say anything to me. = . 4. Everyone knows the answer.否定句: the answer. 5. I did something interesting last weekend. 否定句： . 三、用方框内的词填空 something none anyone anything, everyone nothing someone everything no one 1.- - Is here today? - - No. Jim is ill today. 2.- - Doctor! I don't feel like eating today. - - Oh is bad. But you have to sleep well every night. 3.- - Would you like to offer us to eat?We are so hungry.--Sure. 4. Listen! is singing in the classroom. 5. I can't find in the bag. 6. Did you meet on the way home? 7. is in the room. It's empty. 8. found Mr. Li's keys and gave them back to him yesterday. 9.- - Did you see in the big box?- - No,I didn't. There's in it. 10. helped the little boy. He did it himself. 11.- - Hello, ! — Hello, Mr. Smith! 12. Did you go to the beach with ?—— Yes. I went there with my cousin. 13. I'm hungry. I want to eat. 14.--Do you have to say for yourself?--No,I have to say. 15.--May I have a glass of orange, please? --Sorry,there is left, but would you like some water instead? 重点04 if引导的条件状语从句 知识精讲 (1)概念:在句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句表示主句的动作发生的条件、假想或推测等。常用连词if (如果)来引导。 I will go with you if I have time tomorrow. 如果我明天有时间,我将和你一起去。 (2)位置:if引导的条件状语从句位置灵活,可置于句首,也可置于句尾。放在主句前面时,一般用逗号隔开。 If you get up at 6:00, you won’t be late for school./You won’t be late for school if you get up at 6:00. 如果你6点起床,上学就不会迟到。 (3)时态:在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来,即"主将从现"。 If I am free this afternoon, I will help you with your English. 如果我今天下午有空,我就帮助你学英语。 (4)同义句转换:含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以与"祈使句+and/or+陈述句"进行转换。 If you study hard, you’ll get good grades.=Study hard and you’ll get good grades.努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。 注意 (1)除if引导的条件状语从句外,我们还会接触到as/so long as (只要)、unless (除非;如果不)等引导的条件状语从句。 As/So long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要努力工作,你就会成功。 He won’t go to sleep unless you tell him a story. 如果你不给他讲故事他就不睡觉。 (2) if除引导条件状语从句外,还可以引导宾语从句,意为"是否"。(此时相当于whether)  I really don’t know if/whether Jenny will go home on Saturday. 我真的不知道珍妮星期六是否会回家。 好题精练 一、按要求完成下列句子 I can finish the work on time. He’ll help me. (用 if 合并为一句 ) ________ he ________ ________ , I ________ finish the work on time. 2. He will get bored if he does this job over and over again. (改为否定句 ) He ________ ________ bored if he does this job over and over again. 3. Come to the top, and you’ll enjoy the beautiful scenery. (用 if 合并为一句 ) ________ ________ come to the top, you’ll enjoy the beautiful scenery. 4. If you are not quick, you won’t get to school on time. (改为同义句 ) ________ ________, or you’ll be late for school. 5. Put on the glasses, and you’ll see more clearly. (改为同义句 ) ________ you ________ put on the glasses, you ________ see more clearly. 二、根据汉语意思补全句子 6. 如果你需要帮助，我会尽全力帮你的。 ________ you need help, I ________ try my best to help you. 7. 如果你加入剪纸俱乐部，我们会免费为你提供工具。 We ________ ________ you with tools for free if ________ ________ the Paper Cutting Club. 8. 如果天晴，我喜欢在河里游泳。 If ________ ________ sunny, I ________ ________ swim in the river. 9. 我不知道她下个月是否会来，如果她来，请让我知道。 I don’t know if she ________ ________ next month. If she ________ , please let me know. 10. 如果你想和 Jenny 交朋友，约她逛街是个不错的选择。 If you ________ ________ make friends with Jenny, inviting her to hang out ________ a good choice. 三、完成短文，学习如何养成良好的习惯！ Building good daily 11. ________ (habit) is the key to success. Let me share some useful advice with you: 12. ________ you want to keep your body strong, you 13. ________ need to eat balanced meals. 14. ________ you skip breakfast, you may feel weak in the morning. Sleep is also necessary. 15. ________ you don’t have a good rest, your brain 16. ________ work well. Try to go to bed before 10 p.m. every night. For study skills: 17. ________ you want to remember things better, review your notes after class. Unless you practice writing new words every day, your English 18. ________ improve quickly. Friendships matter too! 19. ________ you feel sad, talk to someone you trust. Sharing problems helps you feel lighter. Finally, 20. ________ you spend too much time on video games, you might fall behind in schoolwork. Try to finish homework first! Remember, small changes today can bring big results tomorrow! 真题感知 1.（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）—Are all the students in your school from ________? —No. Only a small number of them ________. A． Germany; are Germans B．Germany; are Germen C．German; is Germany D．Germen; is Germany 2.（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）We should brush our ________ twice a day to keep them healthy. A．tooth B．tooths C．teeth D．teeths 3.（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）These ________ have saved many children’s lives. A．woman doctors B．womans’ doctors C．women doctors D．women’s doctors 4.（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）—Whose room is this? —It’s ________ room. A．John and Peter B．John’s and Peter’s C．John’s and Peter D．John and Peter’s 5.（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）The _______ boy spends _______ walk to school every day. A．ten-year-old; two hour’s B．ten-year-old; two hours’ C．ten-years-old; two hour’ D．ten years old two-hours 6.（24-25八年级上·云南昭通·月考）Paul and John are good at running. They will take part in the________race. A．boys’ 800-meterB．boy’s 800-meter C．boys’ 800-meters D．boy’s 800-meters 7．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Jogging is getting popular. It is good for our health and it almost costs ________. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 8．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）There isn’t ________ in today’s newspaper. A．interesting something B．interesting anything C．anything interesting D．nothing interesting 9．（2025·安徽宿州·模拟预测）—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mom. If I ________, I will go with you. A．have allowed B．will allow C．was allowed D．am allowed 10．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—When shall we have a picnic, Dad? —I think we can have it if ______ next weekend. A．there isn’t rain B．it won’t rain C．there isn’t rainy 11．（2025·云南·模拟预测）If it ________ tomorrow, we will go hiking in the Western Hills. A．isn’t rain B．won’t rain C．doesn’t rain D．don’t rain 12．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）Let’s play football if it ____ rain tomorrow. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．don’t 13．（2025·福建宁德·二模）________ you treat others with your heart, you will get friendship in return. A．If B．Before C．Unless 综合提升练 （1） （24-25八年级上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now more and more people like keeping pets. They think pets are useful to 1 (they). Many families see pets as their family members like their daughters or sons. On the one hand, they think pets can stay with them when they are alone, because they are afraid 2 being lonely (孤独的). On the other hand. some pets are brave. When some people are in danger, the pets can save them, even in 3 earthquake. Several days ago, some guide dogs even helped to send some old people to the hospital 4 (success). 5 , other people are against keeping pets because of so many reasons. They think it is very wasteful (浪费的) to spend 6 (hundred) of dollars on pets. In their opinion, the money should be used to help the poor. Some people are also worried about the illness that pets may bring to them. Pets don’t know that people need a quiet 7 (environment). So their sounds become the 8 (big) problem in their lives. How different the opinions about pets are! I think 9 (keep) pets is a personal habit. But if you can’t deal with it well, that 10 (make) your neighbors dislike you. （2） （24-25八年级上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a hot sunny summer day. A tired man was walking through a desert. He lost 1 (he) way and had no more water with him. He felt helpless and thought, “I 2 (die) if I don’t find the water.” Suddenly, he saw a small house not far away. He could not believe his eyes but he decided to walk much 3 (close) to have a look. He walked into the house. Then he 4 (find) a broken pump (坏的泵) and a bottle of water in the corner of the room. And there was a piece of paper under that bottle. It said, “Use the water to start the pump. Don’t forget to fill this bottle.” What should he do now? He stopped and thought for a moment. He could 5 (simple) drink that bottle of water and save his life right away. If so, he would not be able to have any water on his way ahead. 6 if he followed the instructions (指示) of the paper and that didn’t work, he would die. In any case, he had to take 7 risk sooner or later. He closed his eyes and chose the 8 (two) way finally. Luckily, cool water came out of the pump. He drank it like a thirsty crow. After that, he filled the bottle 9 water and put it back in the corner. Moreover, he added some 10 (word) on the paper, “Believe me. It works.” He also refilled his own water bottles, rested for an hour, and started his journey once again with a smile on his face. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 八上易错点、名词的数、不定代词、if 引导的条件状语从句 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 八上易错点 名词的数 不定代词 if 引导的条件状语从句 1.make sure 2. able 3.stick 4. achieve 5.health. 6.possible 7.introduce 8. meaning 9. fail 10.accept 1.可数名词有复数形式 2.名词所有格 1.常见的复合不定代词的含义 2.复合不定代词的用法 1.时态 2.同义句转换 重点01 八上易错点 1.make sure ①make sure of (doing) sth确保做某事 ②make sure +（that）确保... （1） 你离开前一定要关灯。 _______ _______ _______ ________ ________the light before you leave. （2） 当你离开房间时，确保门已锁好。 ________ ________ the door is locked when you leave the room. 【答案】（1）Make sure of turning;（2）Make sure 2. able ①able adj.能够；有能力的 → unable_adj.不能的→ ability_n.能力 be able to do sth能够做某事 ②一般现在时：am/is/are able to 一般过去时：was/were able to 一般将来时：will/ be going to be able to ③be able to 与 can 的区别： can 有人称、数的变化 be able to 无人称、数的变化；一般过去时：could 3.stick stick 可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“粘贴;将...刺入”，其过去式和过去分词均为stuck。常用短语stick to 意为“坚持”。stick 作名词，意为“枝条；棍” （1）What's wrong with this stamp? It won't stick. ______ （2）Don't stick pins into the chair! ______ （3）Don't keep changing your friends. Get a few good friends and stick to them. ______ （4）He picked up sticks to make a fire. ______ 【答案】（1）粘贴；（2）将...刺入；（3）坚持；（4）树枝 4. achieve achieve 作动词，意为“实现”;achievement是 achieve 的名词形式，意为“成就”。 achieve 与 come true 的用法区别 achieve 作及物动词，指实现梦想、目标，主语是人 come true 为不及物动词短语，一般由物（理想、愿望等）作主语 （1）他希望尽快达到所有目标。 He hopes to ___________ all his aims soon. （2）最后，他的梦想实现了。 At last, his dream ___________ . 【答案】（1）achieve；（2）came true 5.health ①health n.健康 → healthyadj.健康的→ unhealthyadj.不健康的→ healthilyadj.健康地→ healthier（形容词的比较级）→ healthiest（形容词的最高级） ②be in good health身体好 keep healthy保持健康 6.possible possible adj.可能的→ impossible adj.不可能的→possibility n. 可能；可能性→possibly adv. 可能；也许 对于一个八个月大的婴儿来说，走路是可能的。 It's _____ possible______ for an eight-month baby to walk. 7.introduce introduce v.介绍；引见→introduction n.介绍；引进 introduce.. to.. 把...介绍给... introduce oneself 自我介绍 introduce sth to/into sth首次引入某物 （1）让我把我的朋友介绍给你。 Let me_______ _______ _______ ________ you. （2）咖啡是什么时候传入英国的？ When was coffee_______ _______ Britain? （3）我们的第一位参赛者就不用介绍了。 Our first contestant needs no______________. 【答案】（1）introduce my friend to；（2）introduced into；（3）introduction 8. meaning meaning n.意思→mean v.意思是→meaningful adj.有意义的→meaningless adj.无意义的 “是什么意思？”的表达： What's the meaning of...?=__________________________=__________________________ 【答案】What do/does...mean？=What do you mean by...？ 9. fail fail v.失败；不及格→failure n.失败 fail to do sth未能做某事 fail the exam考试不及格 learn from failure从失败中学习 Failure is the mother of success失败是成功之母 10.accept accept 与 receive 的用法区别 accept 指经过考虑，由主观意志来決定是否接受，动作执行者本身是主动的。 receive 指收到某物的动作，不含有本身是否愿意接受的感情色彩。 （1）她已经收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。 She has _________ his present, but she will not _________ it. （2）她们接受邀请并获了奖。 They _________the invitation and_________the award. 【答案】（1）received；accept；（2）accepted；received 重点02名词的数 知识精讲 ( 考点一 可数名词有复数形式 ) 可数名词有复数形式，构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 (1)规则变化 规则 例词 一般情况下加-s apple－apples　ruler－rulers 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加-es bus－buses　box－boxes　watch－watches　brush－brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再 加-es city－cities　country－countries 以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v，再加-es knife－knives　leaf－leaves 以o结尾的，有生命的加－es，无生命的加-s 在初中英语范围内加－es的主要有以下3个：tomato－tomatoes、potato－potatoes、hero－heroes (2)不规则变化 a.单复数同形的：deer－deer、sheep－sheep、fish－fish(表示鱼的数量)、people－people b.熟记下列词的复数变化：man－men、woman－women、policeman－policemen、foot－feet、tooth－teeth、mouse－mice、child－children、goose－geese c.以man、 woman作定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher－two men teachers；其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student－two girl students d.“某国人”的复数口诀：中日不变，英法变，其他统统加－s：Chinese－Chinese，Japanese－Japanese，Englishman－Englishmen，Frenchman－Frenchmen，American－Americans，German－Germans 【易错提醒】 复合名词(名词+名词)复数形式 ①在一般情况下 ，将主体名词变为复数； two apple trees 两棵苹果树 five shoe shops 五家鞋店 grow-up - - - grow-ups 成年人 passer-by - - - passers-by 过路人 ②man (woman) + 名词构成的复合名词,前后两个名词都变复数形式； two men teachers 两个男老师 three women nurses 三个女护士 ③sport 名词作定语时, 用 sports sports meeting ( 考点 二 名词所有格 ) 1.’s所有格的构成 情况 构成方法 示例 单数名词 加’s Mike’s　girl’s 以s结尾的复数名词 加’ students’　parents’ 不以s结尾的复数名词 加’s Children’s Day　Women’s Day 2.’s所有格的用法 (1)表示有生命的名词通常在其后加’s或’。 (2)表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命的名词常用’s所有格。 two hours’ walk两小时的路程　　　today’s newspaper今日报纸 (3)表示两人或多人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加“’s”；如果为各自所有，则各个名词后都加“’s”。 Lucy and Lily’s room　　Lucy 和 Lily 的房间(共有) Lucy’s and Lily’s books　　Lucy 和Lily的书(分别拥有) (4)有时为了避免重复，如果一个被’s所有格修饰的名词在上文已经提到过，或两个’s所有格所修饰的词相同，往往可以省略第二个所有格的名词。 It’s not Lisa’s mistake， but Jack’s.这不是Lisa的错，而是Jack的错。 (5)表示某人的店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，’s所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at Tom’s 在Tom家　　　 at the doctor’s 在诊所 (6)’s所有格常用来表示节日。 Women’s Day 妇女节　　Father’s Day 父亲节 【易错提醒】 表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、团体等无生命的东西的名词，也可用's构成所有格； A：用于时间 an hour's ride 骑车 1 小时的路程, two weeks' time 两周时间, today's , yesterday's eight days' holiday = an eight-day holiday = an 8-day holiday 八天的假期five minutes' walk = a five-minute walk 步行 5 分钟的路程 B：用于度量 thirteen tons' weight 13 吨重量, five hundred meters' distance 500 米距离 C：用于价值 a hundred yuan's order 100 元订货单, a hundred pounds' note 100 英镑钞票 D：用于天体 the world's , the sun's, the earth's satellite E：用于国家 Belgium's capital 比利时的首都 本篇资料在公众号: F：用于城市 Heilongjiang's agriculture 黑龙江的农业 3.of所有格 由“名词＋of＋名词”构成，用来表示无生命名词的所有关系。 Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province.福州是福建省的省会。 4.双重所有格 由“名词＋of＋’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格的形式来表示所有关系。 Mike is a friend of my father’s.Mike是我父亲的一位朋友。 These are two photos of mine.这些是我的两张照片。 好题精练 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There are many (child) in the park. 2. I have two (knife) in my pencil box. 3. How many (class) are there in your school? 4. There are some (tomato) on the plate. 5. My father has three (radio) in his study. 6. These (woman) are from America. 7. I like (potato) very much. 8. There are a lot of (sheep) on the hill. 9. He has two (foot), but he can't walk. 10. (leaf) turn yellow in autumn. 11. This is (Lucy) bike. 12. Those are (children) toys. 13. (today) news is very interesting. 14. The (students) desks are clean . 15. That is (my brother) dog. 16. We are going to (Tom) house. 17. These are (women) clothes. 18. The (boss) car is very expensive. 19. (Mike and John) classroom is big. 20. I like (my father) car. 【答案】1. children 2. knives 3. classes 4. tomatoes 5. radios 6. women 7. potatoes 8. sheep 9. feet 10. Leaves 11. Lucy's 12. children's 13. Today's 14. students' 15. my brother's 16. Tom's 17. women's 18. boss's 19. Mike and John's 20. my father's 二．改写句子 1. That is Lily's book.（改为 of 所有格，用双重所有格）That is a book ________ _________. 2. The cover of the notebook is green .（改为's 所有格）________ __________ cover is green. 3. This is a pen of his.（改为同义句，用名词性物主代词） This pen ________ _________. 3. The windows of the house are clean .（改为's 所有格） ________ ________ windows are clean . 4. These are two of my sister's toys.（改为 of 所有格基本形式） These are two toys ________ ________ ___________. 【答案】1. of Lily’s 2. The notebook's 3. is his 4. The house's 5. of my sister’s 重点03复合不定代词 知识精讲 　　复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等构成的不定代词。这些词在句中的作用相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。 1. 常见的复合不定代词的含义 some-类 any-类 no-类 every-类 -one someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone每人;人人;所有人 -body somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody每人;人人;所有人 -thing something 某事;某物 anything 任何东西;任何事物 nothing没有什么;没有一件东西 everything所有事情;一切 2. 复合不定代词的用法 (1)含-body和-one的复合不定代词只用来指人,可互换。含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指物。 I can hear somebody/someone moving about upstairs. 我听见楼上有人来回走动。 Everything is ready. 万事俱备。 (2)some-构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中;any-构成的复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于表示请求的疑问句中时,往往希望对方给予肯定的答复。当any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示"任何"之意。 He found something strange but interesting. 他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。 Do you have anything to say? 你有话要说吗? Can someone come over and help me?能不能过来一个人帮我一下? We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from happening.我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。 (3)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗? Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.世上无难事,只怕有心人。 (4)复合不定代词的定语常后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面。 Can you tell me something interesting? 你能告诉我一些有趣的事情吗? 好题精练 一、汉译英 1. Is there ( 一些新的事情) in today's newspaper? 2. There's (没有特别的事) today. 3. Did you meet (有趣的人) yesterday? 4. I have (一些重要的事情) to tell you. 5. Do you know (任何人) at Tom's birthday party last night? 6. You can't go (任何地方)unless you have important things these days. 7. Do you have (什么要说的)? 【答案】1. anything new 2. nothing special 3. anyone interesting 4. something important 5. any one 6. anywhere 7. anything to say 二、句型转换 1. Sam bought something special for himself. 否定: . 一般疑问： ? 2. I did nothing special last weekend. 同义句： . 3. Sam didn't say anything to me. = . 4. Everyone knows the answer.否定句: the answer. 5. I did something interesting last weekend. 否定句： . 【答案】1. Sam didn't buy anything special for himself. Did Sam buy anything special for himself? Yes, he did. No, he didn't. 2. I didn't do anything special last weekend. 3. Sam said nothing t o me. 4. Nobody knows the answer. 5. I didn't do anything interesting last weekend. 三、用方框内的词填空 something none anyone anything, everyone nothing someone everything no one 1.- - Is here today? - - No. Jim is ill today. 2.- - Doctor! I don't feel like eating today. - - Oh is bad. But you have to sleep well every night. 3.- - Would you like to offer us to eat?We are so hungry.--Sure. 4. Listen! is singing in the classroom. 5. I can't find in the bag. 6. Did you meet on the way home? 7. is in the room. It's empty. 8. found Mr. Li's keys and gave them back to him yesterday. 9.- - Did you see in the big box?- - No,I didn't. There's in it. 10. helped the little boy. He did it himself. 11.- - Hello, ! — Hello, Mr. Smith! 12. Did you go to the beach with ?—— Yes. I went there with my cousin. 13. I'm hungry. I want to eat. 14.--Do you have to say for yourself?--No,I have to say. 15.--May I have a glass of orange, please? --Sorry,there is left, but would you like some water instead? 【答案】1. everyone 2. Nothing 3. something 4. Someone 5. anything 6. anyone 7. No one 8. Someone 9. anything; nothing 10. No one 11. everyone 12. anyone 13. something 14. anything; nothing 15. none 重点04 if引导的条件状语从句 知识精讲 (1)概念:在句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句表示主句的动作发生的条件、假想或推测等。常用连词if (如果)来引导。 I will go with you if I have time tomorrow. 如果我明天有时间,我将和你一起去。 (2)位置:if引导的条件状语从句位置灵活,可置于句首,也可置于句尾。放在主句前面时,一般用逗号隔开。 If you get up at 6:00, you won’t be late for school./You won’t be late for school if you get up at 6:00. 如果你6点起床,上学就不会迟到。 (3)时态:在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来,即"主将从现"。 If I am free this afternoon, I will help you with your English. 如果我今天下午有空,我就帮助你学英语。 (4)同义句转换:含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以与"祈使句+and/or+陈述句"进行转换。 If you study hard, you’ll get good grades.=Study hard and you’ll get good grades.努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。 注意 (1)除if引导的条件状语从句外,我们还会接触到as/so long as (只要)、unless (除非;如果不)等引导的条件状语从句。 As/So long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要努力工作,你就会成功。 He won’t go to sleep unless you tell him a story. 如果你不给他讲故事他就不睡觉。 (2) if除引导条件状语从句外,还可以引导宾语从句,意为"是否"。(此时相当于whether)  I really don’t know if/whether Jenny will go home on Saturday. 我真的不知道珍妮星期六是否会回家。 好题精练 一、按要求完成下列句子 I can finish the work on time. He’ll help me. (用 if 合并为一句 ) ________ he ________ ________ , I ________ finish the work on time. 2. He will get bored if he does this job over and over again. (改为否定句 ) He ________ ________ bored if he does this job over and over again. 3. Come to the top, and you’ll enjoy the beautiful scenery. (用 if 合并为一句 ) ________ ________ come to the top, you’ll enjoy the beautiful scenery. 4. If you are not quick, you won’t get to school on time. (改为同义句 ) ________ ________, or you’ll be late for school. 5. Put on the glasses, and you’ll see more clearly. (改为同义句 ) ________ you ________ put on the glasses, you ________ see more clearly. 【答案】1-5 If; helps me; will；won’t get；If you；Be quick；If; don’t; won’t 二、根据汉语意思补全句子 6. 如果你需要帮助，我会尽全力帮你的。 ________ you need help, I ________ try my best to help you. 7. 如果你加入剪纸俱乐部，我们会免费为你提供工具。 We ________ ________ you with tools for free if ________ ________ the Paper Cutting Club. 8. 如果天晴，我喜欢在河里游泳。 If ________ ________ sunny, I ________ ________ swim in the river. 9. 我不知道她下个月是否会来，如果她来，请让我知道。 I don’t know if she ________ ________ next month. If she ________ , please let me know. 10. 如果你想和 Jenny 交朋友，约她逛街是个不错的选择。 If you ________ ________ make friends with Jenny, inviting her to hang out ________ a good choice. 【答案】6-10 If; will；will provide; you join；it is; like to；will come; comes；want to; is 三、完成短文，学习如何养成良好的习惯！ Building good daily 11. ________ (habit) is the key to success. Let me share some useful advice with you: 12. ________ you want to keep your body strong, you 13. ________ need to eat balanced meals. 14. ________ you skip breakfast, you may feel weak in the morning. Sleep is also necessary. 15. ________ you don’t have a good rest, your brain 16. ________ work well. Try to go to bed before 10 p.m. every night. For study skills: 17. ________ you want to remember things better, review your notes after class. Unless you practice writing new words every day, your English 18. ________ improve quickly. Friendships matter too! 19. ________ you feel sad, talk to someone you trust. Sharing problems helps you feel lighter. Finally, 20. ________ you spend too much time on video games, you might fall behind in schoolwork. Try to finish homework first! Remember, small changes today can bring big results tomorrow! 【答案】11-20 habits；If；will；If；If；won’t；If；won’t；If；if 真题感知 1.（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）—Are all the students in your school from ________? —No. Only a small number of them ________. A． Germany; are Germans B．Germany; are Germen C．German; is Germany D．Germen; is Germany 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们学校所有的学生都来自德国吗？——不，只有一小部分学生是德国人。 考查名词和主谓一致。Germany德国，名词；German德国人，名词单数形式；Germen是错误形式；is是第三人称单数形式；are是复数形式。根据“Are all the students in your school from...”可知，第一空指的是“德国”，应用名词Germany；第二空主语a small number of them指的是“他们中的一小部分人”，是复数，所以be动词应用are，且“德国人”应用German的复数形式Germans。故选A。 2.（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）We should brush our ________ twice a day to keep them healthy. A．tooth B．tooths C．teeth D．teeths 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该每天刷牙两次，以保持牙齿健康。 考查可数名词的复数。牙齿不止一个，故此处用名词复数teeth。故选C。 3.（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）These ________ have saved many children’s lives. A．woman doctors B．womans’ doctors C．women doctors D．women’s doctors 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些女医生们拯救过许多儿童的生命。 考查复合名词的复数。woman doctors错误表达；womans’ doctors错误表达；women doctors女医生们；women’s doctors女人们的医生。根据“have saved many children’s lives”和选项可知，此处是指女医生们；根据“these”可知，后面所接名词要用复数形式；但因此处是由“woman”和“doctor”组成的复合名词，故两个词都要变复数形式，所以填women doctors。故选C。 4.（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）—Whose room is this? —It’s ________ room. A．John and Peter B．John’s and Peter’s C．John’s and Peter D．John and Peter’s 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这是谁的房间？——这是约翰和彼得的房间。 考查名词所有格的用法。根据“It’s...room.”可知，此处表示“这是约翰和彼得的房间”，所以此处应用名词所有格表示所属关系；且room是单数形式，这说明约翰和彼得共用一个房间。当两个人共同拥有某物时，只需在最后一个名词后加’s。故选D。 5.（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）The _______ boy spends _______ walk to school every day. A．ten-year-old; two hour’s B．ten-year-old; two hours’ C．ten-years-old; two hour’ D．ten years old two-hours 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个十岁的男孩每天花两小时步行去上学。 考查名词所有格和形容词辨析。根据“boy”可知，此处应用形容词修饰，故10岁的应是ten-year-old；根据“walk”可知，应用名词所有格，两小时的名词所有格为two hours’。故选B。 6.（24-25八年级上·云南昭通·月考）Paul and John are good at running. They will take part in the________race. A．boys’ 800-meterB．boy’s 800-meter C．boys’ 800-meters D．boy’s 800-meters 【答案】A 【详解】句意：保罗和约翰擅长跑步。他们将参加男子800米赛跑。 考查名词所有格和复合形容词。boys’ 800-meter意为“男子800米的”，其中boys’是名词所有格，表示“……的”，800-meter是复合形容词，作定语修饰race，表示“800米的赛跑”。由于主语是Paul and John两个人，所以应该用复数boys’，而不是单数boy’s，排除B和D选项；800-meter中的meter表示“米”，在复合形容词中不用复数形式，排除C选项。故选A。 7．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Jogging is getting popular. It is good for our health and it almost costs ________. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：慢跑越来越受欢迎。它对我们的健康有益，而且几乎不花费任何钱。 考查代词辨析。something某事；nothing没有什么；anything任何事；everything一切。根据“Jogging”及常识可知，慢跑成本低，几乎不需要花钱，cost nothing“不花钱”，故选B。 8．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·月考）There isn’t ________ in today’s newspaper. A．interesting something B．interesting anything C．anything interesting D．nothing interesting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的内容。 考查复合不定代词。something某事，常用在肯定句中；anything任何事物，常用在否定句或疑问句中；nothing没有什么；interesting有趣的。分析句子，根据“isn’t”，可知句子为否定句，且表示“没有什么有趣的内容”，故不定代词用anything；又因为interesting“有趣的”，为形容词，形容词修饰不定代词需后置。故选C。 9．（2025·安徽宿州·模拟预测）—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mom. If I ________, I will go with you. A．have allowed B．will allow C．was allowed D．am allowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你今晚能和我去看电影吗？——我得问我妈妈。如果我被允许，我就和你一起去。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If”可知，这是if引导的条件状语从句，其时态遵循“主将从现”原则，此处的主句是将来时态，所以if从句用一般现在时态；主语“I”与“allow”是被动关系，所以用被动语态，即am allowed。故选D。 10．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—When shall we have a picnic, Dad? —I think we can have it if ______ next weekend. A．there isn’t rain B．it won’t rain C．there isn’t rainy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我们什么时候去野餐？——我想如果下周末不下雨，我们就可以去。 考查条件状语从句和there be句型。在条件状语从句中，主句为一般现在时表将来，从句需用一般现在时（主将从现原则），可排除选项B；根据语境可知，此处表示“如果下周末不下雨”，“there isn’t rainy” 表达错误，“rainy”是形容词，不能作 “there be” 的表语，可排除选项C；选项A“there isn’t rain”符合语境。故选A。 11．（2025·云南·模拟预测）If it ________ tomorrow, we will go hiking in the Western Hills. A．isn’t rain B．won’t rain C．doesn’t rain D．don’t rain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去西山徒步旅行。这是一个条件状语从句，主句是将来时（will go），从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语“it”是第三人称单数，否定形式用“doesn’t”。故选C。 12．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）Let’s play football if it ____ rain tomorrow. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．don’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们去踢足球吧。 考查助动词辨析。won’t 表示将来时的否定；doesn’t 主语是第三人称单数；isn’t 用于一般现在时，表示否定；don’t 用于一般现在时，主语是非第三人称单数。根据“Let’s play football if it”可知，if 引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句主语是 it，动词是 rain，为实义动词，否定形式需要借助助动词 doesn’t，故选 B。 13．（2025·福建宁德·二模）________ you treat others with your heart, you will get friendship in return. A．If B．Before C．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你用心对待他人，你就会收获友谊作为回报。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Before在……之前；Unless除非。分析句子结构可知，前后句“you treat others with your heart”与“you will get friendship in return”之间表示发生的可能性，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。‌ 综合提升练 （1） （24-25八年级上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now more and more people like keeping pets. They think pets are useful to 1 (they). Many families see pets as their family members like their daughters or sons. On the one hand, they think pets can stay with them when they are alone, because they are afraid 2 being lonely (孤独的). On the other hand. some pets are brave. When some people are in danger, the pets can save them, even in 3 earthquake. Several days ago, some guide dogs even helped to send some old people to the hospital 4 (success). 5 , other people are against keeping pets because of so many reasons. They think it is very wasteful (浪费的) to spend 6 (hundred) of dollars on pets. In their opinion, the money should be used to help the poor. Some people are also worried about the illness that pets may bring to them. Pets don’t know that people need a quiet 7 (environment). So their sounds become the 8 (big) problem in their lives. How different the opinions about pets are! I think 9 (keep) pets is a personal habit. But if you can’t deal with it well, that 10 (make) your neighbors dislike you. 【答案】1．them 2．of 3．an 4．successfully 5．However 6．hundreds 7．environment 8．biggest 9．keeping 10．will make 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。短文主要论述了人们对养宠物的不同看法，一些人认为宠物有用能陪伴自己、在危险时救助自己，另一些人则觉得养宠物浪费钱且可能带来疾病和噪音等问题。 1．句意：他们认为宠物对他们有用。“be useful to sb.”表示“对某人有用”，这里的“to”是介词，后面需接人称代词的宾格形式，“they”的宾格是 “them”，故填them。 2．句意：一方面，他们认为当他们独自一个人的时候宠物可以陪着他们，因为他们害怕孤独。“be afraid of”是固定短语，意为“害怕……”，本句说“因为他们害怕孤独”，故填of。 3．句意：当一些人处于危险中时，宠物可以救他们，甚至在一场地震中。“earthquake”是可数名词，这里表示“一场地震”，且“earthquake”以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“an”。故填an。 4．句意：几天前，一些导盲犬甚至成功地帮助送一些老人去医院。句子中“send”是动词，要用副词来修饰，“success”的副词形式是“successfully”，表示“成功地”，即“几天前，一些导盲犬甚至成功地帮助送一些老人去医院”。故填successfully。 5．句意：然而，其他人因为很多原因反对养宠物。前文讲的是喜欢养宠物的原因，这里说其他人反对养宠物，前后是转折关系，且空后有逗号，故填However。 6．句意：他们认为花数百美元在宠物上是非常浪费的。“hundreds of”是固定搭配，意为“数百……”，表示不确切的数量，即“他们认为花数百美元在宠物上很浪费”。故填hundreds。 7．句意：宠物不知道人们需要一个安静的环境。“a quiet environment”表示“一个安静的环境”，“environment”在这里用单数形式，故填environment。 8．句意：所以它们的声音成了他们生活中最大的问题。空前有定冠词“the”，结合语境，这里表示“最大的问题”，所以用“big”的最高级“biggest”。故填biggest。 9．句意：我认为养宠物是一种个人习惯。“I think”后接宾语从句，从句中“keeping pets”是动名词短语作主语，表示“养宠物”这件事，故填keeping。 10．句意：但如果你处理不好，那会让你的邻居不喜欢你。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故填will make。 （2） （24-25八年级上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a hot sunny summer day. A tired man was walking through a desert. He lost 1 (he) way and had no more water with him. He felt helpless and thought, “I 2 (die) if I don’t find the water.” Suddenly, he saw a small house not far away. He could not believe his eyes but he decided to walk much 3 (close) to have a look. He walked into the house. Then he 4 (find) a broken pump (坏的泵) and a bottle of water in the corner of the room. And there was a piece of paper under that bottle. It said, “Use the water to start the pump. Don’t forget to fill this bottle.” What should he do now? He stopped and thought for a moment. He could 5 (simple) drink that bottle of water and save his life right away. If so, he would not be able to have any water on his way ahead. 6 if he followed the instructions (指示) of the paper and that didn’t work, he would die. In any case, he had to take 7 risk sooner or later. He closed his eyes and chose the 8 (two) way finally. Luckily, cool water came out of the pump. He drank it like a thirsty crow. After that, he filled the bottle 9 water and put it back in the corner. Moreover, he added some 10 (word) on the paper, “Believe me. It works.” He also refilled his own water bottles, rested for an hour, and started his journey once again with a smile on his face. 【答案】1．his 2．will die 3．closer 4．found 5．simply 6．But 7．a 8．second 9．with 10．words 【导语】本文讲述的是一个迷失在沙漠中的疲惫男子相信字条上的话救了自己，也给后来人提供帮助的故事。 1．句意：他迷了路，身上没有水了。根据“He lost ... way”可知，需填入形容词性物主代词，修饰名词way，he的形容词性物主代词是his，“lose one’s way”意为“迷路”。故填his。 2．句意：如果找不到水，我会死的。根据“I ... if I don’t find the water.”可知，该句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。空格所在的是主句，一般将来时的结构为“will+动词原形”。故填will die。 3．句意：他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛，但还是决定走近点看看。根据“but he decided to walk much ... to have a look”可知，他决定走近点看看，much修饰比较级，close的比较级是closer。故填closer。 4．句意：然后他在房间的角落里发现了一个坏掉的水泵和一瓶水。根据“He walked into the house. Then he ... a broken pump (坏的泵) and a bottle of water in the corner of the room.”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，find的过去式是found。故填found。 5．句意：他可以直接喝下那瓶水，立刻拯救自己的生命。根据“He could ... drink that bottle of water and save his life right away.”可知，需填入副词，修饰动词drink，simple的副词形式是simply，意为“简单地；直接”。故填simply。 6．句意：但如果他按照纸上的指示去做，而那不起作用，他就会死。根据“... if he followed the instructions (指示) of the paper and that didn’t work, he would die.”可知，这种情况和前文的“它可以直接喝下那瓶水”是转折关系，用but表示“但是”，句首字母要大写。故填But。 7．句意：无论如何，他迟早都得冒险。根据“In any case, he had to take ... risk sooner or later.”可知，句中包含短语“take a risk”，意为“冒险”。故填a。 8．句意：他闭上眼睛，最后选择了第二种方式。根据“chose the ... way finally”可知，the后跟序数词，表示“第几”，two的序数词是second，意为“第二”。故填second。 9．句意：然后，他把瓶子装满水，放回角落里。根据“he filled the bottle ... water”可知，句中包含短语“fill...with...”，意为“用……装满……”。故填with。 10．句意：此外，他还在纸上加了几句话。根据“he added some ... on the paper”可知，他在纸上加了几句话，word是可数名词，位于some后，要用复数形式，words意为“话语”，符合语境。故填words。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $