内容正文:
期末词汇复习
选修2·人教版·Unit1ScienceandScientists二
一、
重点单词详解
1:substantial
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:substance(n.物质;实质)
形容词:substantial(substance+-ial构成,表”具有…性质的)
副词:substantially(/sab'staenfoli/,大量地;实质上)
三、必记搭配与例句
形容词搭配:
-substantial increase/decrease(显著增加/减少)
-substantial evidence(确凿证据)
-substantial support(大力支持)
副词搭配:
-increase substantially(大幅增长)
-differ substantially(本质上不同)
四、重点辨析
substantial vs.significant:均含”重要的”,substantial侧重”数量或价值大”(如substantial
profit巨额利润),significant侧重”意义重大”(如significant discovery重大发现)。
五、作文高级句型
Thanks to substantial investment in education,the country has witnessed a remarkable im-
provement in literacy rate.
由于在教育上的大量投入,该国识字率显著提升。
2:transform
一、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:t使改观;使改变形态vⅵ.改变;转变
构词法(词性转换)
词根:fom(n.形式)
前缀:tans-(表”跨越;转变)
名词:transformation(/,transfa'me虹/,转变;改革)
形容词:transformative(/tens'f6:natv/,变革性的)
三、必记搭配与例句
动词搭配:
-transform.into..(把…转变为…)
-transform one's life(改变某人生活)
-be transformed by(被…改变)
名词搭配:
-social transformation(社会变革)
-technological transformation(技术革新)
四、重点辨析
ransform vs.change:transform强调”彻底、深刻的改变?(如transform a village into a
city),change泛指一般变化”(如change one's mind)。
五、
作文高级句型
The Internet has transformed the way we communicate,making global interaction more con-
venient than ever before.
互联网改变了我们的沟通方式,使全球互动比以往任何时候都更便捷。
3:initial
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj)
核心义:adj.最初的;开始的;第一的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:initiate('Ifiert/,t.开始;发起》
名词:initiation(iri'ern,开始;入会仪式)
副词:initially('nIfeli/,最初;开始)
、
必记搭配与例句
形容词搭配:
-initial stage(初始阶段)
-initial reaction(第一反应)
-initial plan(初步计划)
副词搭配:
-initially difficult(起初很困难)
-initially thought(最初认为)
四、重点辨析
initial vs..original:initial强调”时间顺序上的第一”(如initial step第一步),original强
调”原始的、非复制的?”(如original idea原创想法)。
五、作文高级句型
Although the project faced initial challenges,it eventually succeeded through persistent ef-
forts
尽管该项目起初面临挑战,但通过不懈努力最终成功了。
4:framework
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.框架;结构
二、
构词法(词性转换)
合成词:frame(n.框架)+work(n.结构)→framework(框架体系)
常见搭配短语:theoretical framework(理论框架)
三、必记搭配与例句
名词搭配:
-legal framework(法律框架)
-analytical framework(分析框架)
-build/establish a framework(构建框架)
四、拓展用法
抽象含义:可指”概念性结构,如framework for discussion”(讨论的框架)。
五、作文高级句型
A clear theoretical framework is essential for conducting scientific research effectively.
清晰的理论框架对有效开展科学研究至关重要。
5:concrete
、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)、形容词(adj.)
核心义:n.混凝土adj.确实的;具体的
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:concrete(/konkri:t/,具体的)
副词:concretely(/'kD四kui:tli/,具体地)
动词:
concretize(/kD四kai:tarz/,使具体化)
必记搭配与例句
形容词搭配:
-concrete evidence(具体证据)
-concrete proposal(具体提议)
-concrete example(具体例子)
名词搭配:
-reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土)
四、重点辨析
concrete vs.specific:均含”具体的”,concrete强调”可感知、非抽象”(如concrete plans
具体计划),specific强调”明确、不笼统”(如specific details具体细节)。
五、作文高级句型
To solve the problem,we need concrete measures rather than empty promises.
解决问题需要具体措施,而非空洞承诺。
6:cast
“、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:t.(cast,cast投射;向…投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词:cast(ka:st/,铸件;演员表)
常见搭配:cast a shadow(投下阴影)》
三、必记搭配与例句
动词搭配:
-cast light on(阐明;使明白)
-cast a glance at(瞥一眼)
cast doubt on(对…产生怀疑)
四、拓展用法
熟词僻义:cast作名词可指演员阵容”(如all-star cast全明星阵容)。
五、作文高级句型
The new research casts light on the relationship between environmental pollution and public
health.
这项新研究阐明了环境污染与公众健康的关系。
7:pour
、
核心考点
词性:动词(v,)
核心义:vt.倒出:倾泻:斟(饮料)
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:por(i.倾泻;涌流)
名词:pouring(p3m/,倾泻)
三、必记搭配与例句
动词搭配:
-pour into(涌入)
-pour out(倾吐;倒出)
-pour rain(下倾盆大雨,如It's pouring outside.)
四、重点辨析
pour vs.f1ow:por强调”猛烈、大量地流动”(如pour water倒水),flow侧重”自然流
动”(如river flows河流流动)。
五、作文高级句型
After the concert,fans poured out of the stadium,talking excitedly about the performance.
音乐会结束后,粉丝们涌出体育场,兴奋地讨论演出。
8:finding
、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
二、
构词法(词性转换)
动词:find(/fand/,找到:发现)
名词复数:findings(常用复数,调查结果)
三、
必记搭配与例句
名词搭配:
-research findings(研究结果)
-scientific findings(科学发现)
~present one's findings(展示研究结果)
四、重点辨析
finding vs..discovery:finding侧重”通过调查/研究得出的结果”,discovery侧重”首次发
现的事物”(如the discovery of DNA)。
五、作文高级句型
The findings of the survey indicate that most students prefer online learning for its flexibility
调查结果表明,大多数学生因灵活性而偏好在线学习。
9:solid
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)、名词(n.)
核心义:adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的n.固体
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:solid(坚实的)
副词:solidly(/splrdli/,坚固地;完全地)
名词:solidity(/sa'lrdati/,坚固;可靠性)
二、
必记搭配与例句
形容词搭配:
-solid evidence(可靠证据)
-solid foundation(坚实基础)
~solid support(坚定支持)
名词搭配:
-solid state(固态)
-solid structure(坚固结构)
四、重点辨析
solid vs.fim:solid强调”物质上的坚固或证据的可靠”,fim强调”立场坚定或结构稳
固”。
五、作文高级句型
The research provides solid evidence to support the new theory.
这项研究为支持新理论提供了可靠证据。
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The company has made a_profit this year due to increased sales.
A)substantial
B)significant
C)initial
D)concrete
2.The invention of the Internet has the way people work and communicate.
A)changed
B)transformed
C)poured
D)found
3.In the_stage of the project,we need to collect enough data for analysis.
A)primary
B)original
C)initial
D)solid
4.A clear legal is necessary to protect the rights of citizens.
A)framework
B)finding
C)transformation
D)initiation
5.The research team presented theirat the international conference last week.
A)discoveries
B)findings
C)frameworks
D)concretes
6.It's important to turn abstract ideas intoplans that can be put into practice.
A)specific
B)original
C)concrete
D)initial
7.The new policy has improved the living conditions of rural residents.
A)substantially
B)initially
C)concretely
D)solidly
8.The documentary light on the hidden problems in the education system.
A)flows
B)casts
C)pours
D)t女ransforms
9.After the rain stopped,water continued to_down the mountain into the river.
A)pour
B)flow
C)cast
D)find
10.The goal of the program is to help students develop critical thinking skills.
A)initial
B)primary
C)original
D)substantial
(二)根据提示补全句子(10题)
1.The government's_(substantial副词形式)investment in renewable energy has reduced
carbon emissions.
2.The_(t红ransform名词形式)of the old factory into a modern art center attracted many
visitors.
3._(initial副词形式),most people were against the new policy,.but later they accepted it.
4.We need to build a theoretical(framework动词短语,”构建框架)before starting the
research
5.The team's research_(finding复数形式)were published in a top scientific journal.
6.The architect used reinforced_(concrete名词形式)to strengthen the building's struc-
ture
7.The discovery of electricity was a_(transform形容词形式)event in human history.
8.After the meeting,she_(pour过去式)out her concerns to her colleague.
9.The_(initiate名词形式)of the environmental project was supported by local communi-
ties.
10.The report provides_(solid副词形式)evidence to prove the effectiveness of the new
drug.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.The company announced a sincrease in its annual revenue,which surprised the market.
2.Technology has t our daily lives,making online shopping and remote work possible.
3.In the iphase of the experiment,we encountered several technical problems.
4.The new policy provides a legal f for regulating the sharing economy.
5.The survey's f show that 70%of students are satisfied with the school's facilities.
6.To solve the problem,we need csuggestions rather than empty talk
7.The documentary c new light on the history of the ancient civilization.
8.After the concert,fans pout of the stadium,singing and cheering
9.The primary school's education program focuses on the d of children's creativity.
10.The bridge is built with s materials to withstand strong earthquakes.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A B CA B CA BBB
解析1(第1题):
考查substantial的用法。substantial表示”大量的”,符合句意”由于销售额增加,公司今
年获得了巨额利润”;significant强调”意义重大”,initial表示”最初的,concrete表示
具体的”,均不符合语境,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查transform的用法。ansform表示”彻底改变”,符合句意”互联网的发明彻底改变
了人们工作和沟通的方式”;change泛指”变化”,por表示”倾倒,find表示”发现”,
均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第8题):