Unit 1 Science and Scientists 三-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修2·人教版·Unit1 ScienceandScientists.三 一、 重点单词详解 1:patriotic 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.爱国的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：patriot(n.爱国者) 名词：patriotism/patriatzom/(n.爱国主义) 形容词：patriotic(由patriot+-ic构成，表…的”) 三、用法与常见搭配 patriotic feelings(爱国情怀) patriotic spirit(爱国精神) a patriotic song(爱国歌曲) 四、拓展用法 同义词辨析：patriotic强调对国家的忠诚和热爱；nationalistic含”民族主义的，可能带 负面含义（如排外）。 2:mechanical 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：mechanic(n.机械师) 名词：mechanism/mekanizom/(n.机制；机械装置) 动词：mechanize/nekenarz/(t.使机械化) 形容词：mechanical（由mechanic+-al构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 机械相关：mechanical engineering(机械工程)，mechanical parts(机械部件)，mechanical failure(机械故障) 抽象含义（机械的；呆板的）：mechanical movement（机械动作)，mechanical leaming (死记硬背的学习) 四、易混词辨析 mechanical(adj.机械的)vs mechanic(n.机械师) He is a skilled mechanic who repairs mechanical equipment.(他是修理机械设备的熟练机 械师。) 3:defend 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.) 核心义：t保卫；防守；辩解 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：defence/dr'fens/(n.防御；辩护)（英）；defense(美) 形容词：defensive/dr'fensIv/(adj.防御的；辩护的) 动词：defend(词根：fend”抵御”，de-加强语气) 三、用法与常见搭配 保卫/防守：defend sb./sth.from/against(保护.…免受…伤害)，defend one's coun-- try/home(保卫国家/家园) 辩解/辩护：defend oneself(为自己辩解)，defend a decision/choice（为决定/选择辩护) 四、拓展用法 派生词：defendant/dr'fendent/(n.被告) 反义词：attack/a'tak/(v.攻击)；accuse /a'kju:z/(v.指控) 4:outstanding 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词短语：stand out(突出：显眼) 形容词：outstanding（由stand out的现在分词形式构成) 三、 用法与常见搭配 优秀的/杰出的：outstanding student/achievements(优秀学生/杰出成就)，outstanding contribution(杰出贡献) 明显的/朱解决的：outstanding problem(未解决的问题)，outstanding feature(显著特征) 四、辨析 outstanding(强调超越他人的优秀)vs excellent(通用”优秀)： She is an outstanding scientist with many international awards.(她是杰出科学家，获多项 国际奖项。) 5:abstract 、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.抽象的；理论上的n.摘要 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：abstract/eb'straekt/(vt.提取；抽象化) 名词：abstraction/eb'stek/(n.抽象概念；提取) 形容词：abstract（由拉丁语拉离”义演变而来) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词：abstract concept/idea(抽象概念/思想)，abstract art(抽象艺术) 名词（摘要）：abstract of a paper(论文摘要)，write an abstract(写摘要) 四、辨析 abstract(抽象的，与concrete”具体的”相对)： Abstract thinking is important for learning advanced mathematics.(抽象思维对学习高等数 学很重要。) 6:brilliant 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.聪颗的；绝妙的；明亮的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：brilliance/birliens/(n.才华；明亮) 副词：brilliantly/brilientli/（adv.出色地；明亮地) 形容词：brilliant（词根：bill”发光，-iant形容词后缀) 「三、用法与常见搭配 聪颖的/绝妙的：brilliant mind/idea(聪颖的头脑/绝妙的想法)，brilliant performance(出 色的表演) 明亮的：brilliant sunshine(灿烂阳光)，brilliant color(鲜艳色彩) 四、辨析 brilliant(强调才智超群)vs clever(聪明，侧重灵活)： Einstein was a brilliant physicist who changed the world.（爱因斯坦是改变世界的杰出物理 学家。) 7:shift 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(vi.&vt.) 核心义：n.改变；转换；轮班vi.&t转移；挪动；转向 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：shifter /'fifta)/（n.换挡器；改变者) 形容词：shifting/f/（adj.变化的；移动的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词：shift sth.from.to.(把…从…转移到…)，shift attention/focus(转移注意 力/焦点)，shift gears(换挡) 名词：policy shift（政策转变)，day/night shift(日/夜班) 四、辨析 shift(侧重位置、方向或观点的'渐变)vs change(泛指”改变)： The company shifted its focus from traditional to digital marketing.（公司将重心从传统营 销转向数字营销。) 8:vivid 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：vividness/VIvIdnas/(n.生动；鲜明) 副词：vividly/vdli/(adv.生动地；清晰地) 形容词：viid(词根：viv”生命”，-id表”具有…性质) 三、用法与常见搭配 生动的/鲜明的：vivid description/memory(生动描述/清晰记忆)，vivid imagination(丰 富想象力) 鲜明的（色彩等）：vivid colors/patterns(鲜艳色彩/图案) 四、拓展用法 固定搭配：be vivid in one's mind(在某人脑海中清晰浮现) He described the scene so vividly that I felt as if I were there.（他描述得如此生动，我仿佛 身临其境。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The students sang a(n)-song to celebrate National Day. A)patriotic B)mechanical C)abstract D)vivid 2.The_engineer designed a new type of robot for industrial use. A)defend B)mechanic C)mechanical D)shifting 3.It is our duty to_our country against any foreign invasion. A)defend B)shift C)abstract D)outstanding 4.Her-performance in the competition won her the first prize. A)brilliant B)mechanical C)abstract D)vivid 5.The of the research paper should summarize the main findings briefly. A)patriotism B)mechanism C)abstract D)shift 6.There has been a significant in public opinion towards online education. A)defend B)shift C)vividness D)brilliance 7.The author gave a_description of the scenery in her novel. A)patriotic B)outstanding C)vivid D)mechanical 8.He is known for his contributions to the field of medicine. A)outstanding B)abstract C)shifting D)defensive 9.thinking is essential for solving complex mathematical problems. A)Mechanical B)Abstract C)Vivid D)Patriotic 10.The sunshine lit up the entire room in the morning. A)brilliant B)defensive C)outstanding D)shifter (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.His(patriot)for his country is deeply rooted in his heart. 2.The company decided to (mechanic)the production line to reduce costs. 3.She made a strong(defend)of her research methods at the conference. 4.The scientist's(brilliant)led to many important discoveries. 5.The(abstract)of the article was published in the academic journal. 6.There was a noticeable(shift)in the government's foreign policy. 7.The(vivid)of her storytelling made the audience feel like they were there 8.The team's_(outstanding)performance earned them a spot in the finals. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The soldiers showed great pspirit while protecting the border. 2.The machine stopped working due to a m failure in the engine. 3.The lawyer tried to d his client by presenting new evidence. 4.Her o_academic achievements were recognized by the university 5.It is difficult for children to understand aconcepts like freedom. 6.The inventor came up with a bidea to solve the energy crisis. 7.The company plans to sits resources to focus on digital products. 8.The artist used vcolors to create a lively atmosphere in the painting. 9.The professor asked us to write an a for our research paper. 10.There has been a s in consumer preferences from traditional to online shopping. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ACAACBCABA 2.t补全句子答案：patriotism mechanize defence brilliance abstract shift vividness outstand- ing 3.首字母填空答案：patriotic mechanical defend outstanding abstract brilliant shift vivid abstract shift 英语词汇复习手册·选修2·Unit1 Science and Scientists三