Unit 5 First Aid三-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修2·人教版·Unit5 FirstAid三 一、 重点单词详解 1:desperate 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 二、 构词法（词汇变形） 词根：desper--(表示”缺乏希望”)+-ate(形容词后缀) 副词：desperately/desperatli/(绝望地；极度地) 名词：desperation/.desp3'rern/(绝望；拼命) 三、必记搭配与例句 be desperate for sth.(迫切需要某物)：The lost hiker was desperate for water.. make a desperate attempt(孤注一掷的尝试) in a desperate situation(处于绝境) 四、重点辨析 desperate vs.hopeless:desperate强调因绝望而采取极端行动；hopeless侧重”无希望的 (如a hopeless illness)。 2:justify 一、核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：vt.证明…有道理；为…辩护；是…的正当理由 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：just(adj.公正的)+-ify(动词后缀，”使…化”) 形容词：justified/'d3 Astrfard/(合理的；有正当理由的) 名词：justification/,d3astIfi'kerfn/(正当理由；辩护) 三、 必记搭配与例句 justify doing sth.(证明做某事合理)：He tried to justify missing the meeting. be justified in doing sth.(做某事是正当的)：She was justified in complaining about the service 四、拓展 反义词：njustified(不合理的) 3:practical “、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：practice/'praekts/(n.实践；练习) 副词：practically/praektrkli/（几乎；实际上) 名词：practice（实践)；practitioner/prek'na(r)/（从业者) 三、 必记搭配与例句 practical advice(实用建议) practical experience(实践经验) be practical about sth.(对某事实事求是) 四、重点辨析 practical vs.practice:practical为形容词(e.g.a practical plan);practice为名词(e.g.put into practice)。 4:obstruction 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物 构词法（词性转换） 动词：obstruct/b'strakt/(v.阻碍；阻塞) 形容词：obstructive /ab'straktrv/(妨碍的：阻塞的) 三、必记搭配与例句 traffic obstruction(交通堵塞) obstruction of justice(妨碍司法公正) 四、拓展 近义词：blockage(堵塞物)；hindrance(阻碍) 5:collapse 一、核心考点 词性：动词(vi.) 核心义：ⅵ（突然)倒塌；（因病等）昏倒 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：col-(一起)+lapse(滑倒)→”一起滑倒”→倒塌 形容词：collapsed /ka'laepst/(倒塌的；崩溃的) 三、必记搭配与例句 vi.collapse into sth.(瘫倒在…上)：She collapsed into a chair. n.economic collapse(经济崩溃) 四、重点辨析 collapse vs.fall:collapse侧重？突然倒塌/崩溃”（如a building collapses);fall泛指？落 下”（如leaves fall)。 6:manual 一、核心考点 词性：名词（n.)、形容词（ad.) 核心义：n.使用手册；说明书adj.用手的；手工的：体力的；手控的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：manm-(手，如manuscript”手稿”) 副词：manually/'maenjueli/（手动地) 三、必记搭配与例句 adj.manual labor（体力劳动) h.user manual(用户手册) 1 nanual control(手动控制) 四、拓展 反义词：automatic(自动的) 7:membership 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：member/memba()/(n.成员)+-ship（名词后缀，表”身份/状态) 三、必记搭配与例句 apply for membership(申请会员资格) membership fee(会员费) a membership of500(500名会员) 四、拓展 同根词：friendship(友谊)：leadership(领导力) 8:welfare 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利 二、构词法 词根：wel(好)+fare(境遇)→”好的境遇”→福利 三、必记搭配与例句 social welfare(社会福利) welfare system（福利制度) concern for animal welfare(关注动物福祉) 四、拓展 近义词：well-being(幸福；安康) 9:tightly 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv,) 核心义：adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：ight/tat/(紧的；牢固的) 动词：tighten/'tartn/（使变紧) 三、必记搭配与例句 hold tightly(紧紧握住) tightly packed(挤得紧紧的) 反义词：loosely(松散地) 四、重点辨析 tight vs.tightly:ight可作形容词或副词（口语中，如hold tight);tightly为正式副词 (如tightly closed)。 10:grab 一、核心考点 词性：动词(t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：t抓住；攫取n.抓取；抢夺 二、必记搭配与例句 grab sth.from sb.(从某人处抢过某物) grab a chance（抓住机会) make a grab for(试图抓住) 三、重点辨析 grab vs.seize vs.grasp:grab强调”突然抓取”；seize侧重”强行夺取；grasp指”握紧； 理解”（如grasp a concept)。 四、拓展 派生词：grabber（抢夺者)；grabbing（贪婪的) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The lost hiker was_for water after three days without drinking A)desperate B)hopeless C)anxious D)eager 2.The manager tried to his decision to cut employees'salaries A)justify B)adjust C)simplify D)clarify 3.We need asolution to the problem,not just theoretical ideas. A)practical B)magical C)chemical D)logical 4.The traffic was delayed due to an on the highway A)obstruction B)construction C)instruction D)destruction 5.The old building suddenly during the earthquake A)collapsed B)fell C)dropped D)sank 6.The machine requires_control when the power is off. A)manual B)automatic C)digital D)electric 7.She applied for in the sports club last week. A)membership B)friendship C)leadership D)ownership 8.The government has increased spending on socialthis year. A)welfare B)wealth C)health D)relief 9.He held the rope to prevent himself from falling A)tightly B)loosely C)slightly D)hardly 10.The child tried to the toy from his sister's hand A)grab B)seize C)grasp D)catch (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.She was_(desperate副词形式)looking for her lost keys. 2.His_(justify名词形式)for being late was unacceptable. 3.The plan sounds good,.but it'snot_(practice形容词形式). 4.The road was closed due to a serious_(obstruct名词形式) 5.The_(collapse形容词形式)bridge will be rebuilt next year. 6.The data must be entered_(manual副词形式)into the system. 7.The club has a_(member名词形式)of over200 people,. &.The organization works to improve animal_(welfare近义词) 9.He_(ght动词形式)his grip on the steering wheel, 10.Her quick_(grab名词形式)of the falling vase saved it from breaking (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The team made a dattempt to win the final match. 2.Can you j-your rude behavior towards the teacher? 3.This book offers p tips for daily life. 4.The police cleared the o from the road after the accident. 5.The company faced financial cduring the crisis. 6.The workers used mtools to repair the old house. 7.You need to pay the m fee before using the gym. 8.The government provides wsupport for low-income families. 9.The door was shut t to keep the cold out 10.He tried to gthe last piece of cake before anyone else. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAAAAAAAAA 解析1（第1题）： 考查desperate的固定用法。be desperate for sth.表示”迫切需要某物’，符合句意”迷路 的徒步旅行者三天没喝水后非常需要水’；hopeless表示”无希望的”，anxious表示”焦 虑的”，eager表示”渴望的”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查justify的固定用法。justify表示”证明…有道理；为…辩护”，符合句意”经理 试图为他削减员工工资的决定辩护；adjust表示”调整”，simplify表示”简化”，clarify 表示”澄清”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析3（第4题）： 考查obstruction的固定用法。obstruction表示”阻碍；堵塞”，符合句意”由于高速公路 上的堵塞，交通被延误；construction表示”建设”，instruction表示”指示”，destruction 表示”破坏”，均不符合语境，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.desperately 2.justification 3.practical 4.obstruction 5.collapsed 6.manually 7.member- ship 8.well-being 9.tightened 10.grab 3.首字母填空答案： 1.desperate 2.justify 3.practical 4.obstruction 5.collapse 6.manual 7.membership 8.wel- fare 9.tightly 10.grab 英语词汇复习手册·选修2·Unit5 First aid三