Unit 4 Natural disasters一-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 必修一·人教版·Unit4 Naturaldisasters一 一、重点单词详解 1:affect 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v,) 核心义：吐.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 二、构词法与词性转换 形容词：affective/'fektrv/(adj.情感的；表达感情的) 名词：effect /I'fekt/(n.影响；效果，注意拼写差异) 易混词：effect(n.影响)与affect(vt.影响) 三、用法与常见搭配 表示”影响”：affect sb./sth.（直接接宾语，无被动语态) 例：The drought affected the harvest.（旱灾影响了收成。) 表示”打动”：be deeply affected by(被…深深打动) 例：She was deeply affected by his story 四、重点辨析 affect vs.effect:affect为动词，强调动作；effect为名词，强调结果。 例：The policy affected the economy.(政策影响了经济。) The policy had a good effect on the economy.(政策对经济有好影响。) 2:damage 「一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.&t.损害；损失 构词法与词性转换 形容词：damaging /'daemid3/(adj.有害的；造成损害的) 易混词：destroy(vt.彻底摧毁)、ham(n.t.伤害，尤指抽象或轻微伤害) 三、用法与常见搭配 作名词（不可数，指抽象损害：可数复数指具体损失）： cause damage to sth.(对某物造成损害) suffer damage(遭受损失) The storm caused great damage.(风暴造成巨大损害。) The damages to the car were$500.(汽车损失为500美元。) 作动词：damage sth.(损害某物) Smoking damages health.(吸烟损害健康。) 四、重点辨析 damage vs..destroy:damage指部分损害，可修复；destroy指彻底摧毁，无法修复。 例：The fire damaged the roof..(火灾损坏了屋顶。) The fire destroyed the house.(火灾烧毁了房子。) 3:destroy 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vt摧毁；毁灭 二、构词法与词性转换 名词：destruction/dr'strakfn/(n.摧毁；破坏) 形容词：destructive/dr'strAktrv/(adj.破坏性的；毁灭性的) 词根：struct(=build,建造)，de-(否定前缀)+struct→”反建造即”摧毁” 三、用法与常见搭配 直接接宾语，表示彻底摧毁： destroy sth.(摧毁某物) The earthquake destroyed the village..(地震摧毁了村庄。) 抽象用法：destroy one's hope/,confidence(摧毁某人的希望/信心) 四、重点辨析 destroy vs.nin:destroy强调外力导致的彻底毁灭；nin可指逐渐破坏或因疏忽导致的 毁灭。 例：The war destroyed the city.(战争摧毁了城市。) His bad habits ruined his health.(他的坏习惯毁了健康。) 4:evacuate 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t.疏散；撤出：i撤离 二、 构词法与词性转换 名词：evacuation /I,vaekju'e虹n/(n.疏散；撤离) 词根：vac(=empty,空)，e-(出)+vacu(空)+-ate(动词后缀)→”使空出”即”疏 散” 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词：evacuate sb.from sp.(从某地疏散某人) 例：The army evacuated people from the flood area.(军队从灾区疏散群众。) 不及物动词：evacuate to sp.(撤离到某地) 例：They evacuated to a safe shelter.(他们撤离到安全避难所。) 四、常见语境 自然灾害或危险场景：evacuate a building(疏散大楼)、evacuate due to fire(因火灾撤 离) 5:heal 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vⅵ.&vt.治愈；（使）康复；解决（问题） 二、构词法与词性转换 名词：healing/'hi:l/(n.康复；治疗) 形容词：healed /hi:ld/(adj.已治愈的) 易混词：cre(vt.治愈，强调结果；heal强调过程或外伤愈合) 三、用法与常见搭配 指身体康复：heal(up)(痊愈) His wound healed in a week.（他的伤口一周内愈合了。) 指抽象问题解决：heal a conflict(化解冲突) Time heals all wounds.(时间治愈一切创伤。) 常见搭配：heal sb.ofsth.(治愈某人的疾病) The doctor healed him of a cold.(医生治好了他的感冒。) 四、重点辨析 heal vs.cre:heal侧重外伤愈合或情感/关系修复；cre侧重疾病被治愈。 例：The medicine cured his disease.(药物治好了他的病。) The ointment helped the cut heal quickly..(药膏帮助伤口快速愈合。) 6:shelter 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.避难处；庇护；t保护；掩蔽：vi.躲避 二、构词法与词性转换 动词：shelter(t./wi.庇护；躲避) 形容词：sheltered/eltad/(adj.受庇护的；安全的) 三、用法与常见搭配 作名词： a shelter for1 efugees(难民避难所) take shelter from sth.(躲避某物) They took shelter from the rain..(他们躲雨。) 作动词： helter sb.from sth.(保护某人免受某物伤害) The trees sheltered us from the sun.(树木为我们遮阳。) shelter under sth.(躲在某物下面) We sheltered under a bridge.(我们躲在桥下。) 四、近义词 refuge(n.避难所，正式用词)、asylum(n.政治避难，法律术语) 7:rubble 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.碎石；瓦砾 二、构词法与联想记忆 近义词：debris/derbri:/(n.碎片；残骸，更正式) 常见语境：自然灾害后场景，如earthquake rubble（地震瓦砾) 三、用法与搭配 不可数名词，无复数形式： clear the rubble(清理瓦砾) The building was reduced to rubble.(大楼成了一片瓦砾。) 介词搭配：nder the rubble(在瓦砾下) Survivors were found under the rubble..(幸存者在瓦砾下被找到。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The sudden change in weather will greatly_the growth of crops. A)affect B)effect C)effort D)afford 2.The heavy rain caused serious_to the old temple. A)destroy B)damage C)ruin D)hurt 3.The earthquake hundreds of houses in the small town. A)damaged B)hurt C)destroyed D)harmed 4.All residents were ordered to_the building immediately due to the fire alarm. A)escape B)evacuate C)shelter D)heal 5.Time is said toall wounds,both physical and emotional A)cure B)heal C)treat D)recover 6.During the storm,we had to under a big tree to avoid getting wet A)shelter B)hide C)protect D)cover 7.Many people in the area were_by the new virus last month. A)affected B)infected C)influenced D)suffered 8.After the explosion,the street was covered withand broken glass. A)rocks B)stones C)rubble D)debris 9.The company's reputation wasby the scandal,but it managed to recover later. A)destroyed B)damaged C)ruined D)harmed 10.The doctor used special medicine to_the patient of his long-term illness. A)heal B)cure C)treat D)recover (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The storm had a destructive()on the coastal villages.(effect) 2.Smoking is_（(有害的)to both smokers and non-smokers.(damaging) 3.The government organized the_()of residents before the hurricane arrived.(evacua- tion) 4.The()of his injury took longer than expected.(healing) 5.A_()environment may prevent children from developing independence.(shel- tered) 6.The earthquake left behind a scene of complete().(destruction) 7.The charity provided()for homeless people during the winter.(shelter) 8.The old building was reduced to()after the fire.(rubble) (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The new policy will a the lives of millions of people.(affect) 2.The car accident caused $10,000 in d to the vehicle.(damages) 3.The fire d the entire forest,leaving nothing but ashes.(destroyed) 4.Residents were asked to e_to safer areas before the flood.(evacuate) 5.The cut on her hand took two weeks to hcompletely.(heal) 6.We took s from the rain under a bus stop.(shelter) 7.The disease aover 500 people in the small town.(affected) 8.Rescuers searched for survivors under the rafter the earthquake.(rubble) 9.The storm caused great d to crops and infrastructure.(damage) 10.The medicine helped c his illness after three months of treatment.(cure) (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B C BB AA C BB 解析1（第1题）： 考查affect的用法。affect表示”影响？”，符合句意”天气的突然变化将极大地影响农作 物的生长”；effect是名词，effort是”努力”，afford是”负担得起”，均不符合语境，故 选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查damage的用法。damage表示”损害”，符合句意”大雨对古庙造成了严重损害”； destroy是”摧毁”，in是”毁坏”，hmt是”伤害，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第3题）： 考查destroy的用法。destroy表示”摧毁，符合句意”地震摧毁了小镇上的数百座房屋； damage是”损坏”，hut是”伤害”，ham是”危害”，均不符合语境，故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.effect 2.damaging 3.evacuation 4.healing 5.sheltered 6.destruction 7.shelter 8.rubble 3.首字母填空答案： 1.affect 2.damages 3.destroyed 4.evacuate 5.heal 6.shelter 7.affected 8.rubble 9.damage 10.cure 英语词汇复习手册·必修一·Unit4 Natural disasters一