内容正文:
期末词汇复习
必修一·人教版·Unit3 Sportsandfitness三
一、重点单词详解
1:various
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.各种各样的;多样的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:vay(v.变化;改变)
形容词:various(由vay+-ous构成,表”多…的)
副词:variously(adv.不同地;多样地)
名词:variety(n.多样性;种类,由vay+-ey构成)
固定搭配:a variety of=varieties of(各种各样的)
三、用法与常见搭配
修饰名词:various opinions(各种观点)、various reasons(多种原因)
固定句型:for various reasons(由于各种原因)
辨析:various VS different
-various强调种类多(侧重”多样性),如various ways to solve the problem(多种解决
方法)
-different强调”不同,侧重对比差异,如different from(与…不同)
四、拓展用法
variety常见搭配:
-a variety of+可数名词复数/不可数名词(谓语动词单复数由名词决定)
例:A variety of books are on the shelf.(书架上有各种书。)
-the variety of+名词(表.…的种类”,谓语动词用单数)
例:The variety of fruits is amazing.(水果的种类令人惊叹。)
2:pressure
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)、动词(v)
核心义:n.压力;挤压;压迫(感);t.施压;强迫
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词:pressure(核心词)
形容词:pressured(adj.焦虑的;紧张的,由pressure+-ed构成)
动词:press(v.按压;催促,pressure的动词同源词)
三、用法与常见搭配
作名词(压力)
-不可数名词:nder pressure(处于压力下)、peer pressure(同伴压力)
-固定搭配:put pressure on sb.(给某人施压)、relieve pressure(缓解压力)
作动词(施压)
pressure sb.to do sth.(强迫某人做某事)
例:He pressured her to sign the contract..(他强迫她签合同。)
四、辨析:pressure VS stress
-pressure侧重”外部压力”(如工作、他人施加的压力),可作动词
-stress侧重”心理压力”(由压力导致的紧张状态),不可作动词
例:Work pressure made her stressed.(工作压力让她感到紧张。)
3:challenge
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)、动词(v)
核心义:n.挑战;艰巨任务;t.怀疑;向…挑战
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词/动词:challenge(核心词)
形容词:challenging(adj.具有挑战性的,由challenge+-ing构成)
过去分词:challenged(adj.有残疾的;受到挑战的)
三、用法与常见搭配
作名词(挑战)
-可数名词:face a challenge(面对挑战)、accept/take on a challenge(接受挑战)
-固定搭配:pose a challenge to(对…构成挑战)
作动词(挑战)
-challenge sb.to sth.(向某人挑战某事)
例:He challenged me to a game..(他向我挑战比赛。)
-challenge sth.(质疑某事的真实性)
例:She challenged the decision.(她质疑这个决定。)
四、拓展用法
challenging高频考点:
-作定语:a challenging task(一项有挑战性的任务)
-作表语:The job is challenging but rewarding.(这份工作有挑战但有回报。)
4:achievement
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.成就;成绩:达到
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:achieve(v.实现;达到,核心词根)
名词:achievement(由achieve+-ment构成,表”动作的结果)
形容词:achievable(adj.可实现的,由achieve+-able构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
作名词(成就)
-可数名词:great achievements(伟大成就)、academic achievements(学y业成绩)
-固定搭配:make achievements(取得成就)、he achievement of sth.(某事的实现)
例:he achievement of one's goal(目标的实现)
动词(achieve)搭配
achieve success(获得成功)、achieve a goal(实现目标)
四、辨析:achievement VS accomplishment
-achievement侧重”通过努力获得的重大成就”(如学术、事业)
-accomplishment侧重”完成某事的能力或小成就,(如掌握技能)
例:Her academic achievements are impressive.(她的学术成就令人印象深刻。)
5:relief
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.轻松;解脱:救济
二、
构词法(词性转换)
动词:relieve(v.缓解;减轻,核心词根)
名词:relief(由relieve去e+-ief构成)
形容词:relieved(adj.感到轻松的,由relieve+-ed构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
作名词(轻松/救济)
-不可数名词:sigh in relief(松一口气)、a sense of relief(轻松感)
-固定搭配:relief from(从中解脱)、disaster relief(救灾)
介词短语:n relief(松了口气,作状语)
例:He smiled in relief.(他松了口气笑了。)
四、动词(relieve)高频搭配
relieve stress/pain(缓解压力/疼痛)、relieve sb.of sth.(帮某人分担某事)
例:Let me relieve you of some work.(我来帮你分担些工作。)
6:likely
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)
核心义:adj.可能的;adv.可能地
构词法(词性转换)
形容词副词:1证ely(核心词)
反义词:nlikely(ad.不可能的,由m-+likely构成)
同源词:ike(v.喜欢;prep.像,ikey由lke变形而来)
三、用法与常见搭配
作形容词(可能的)
-固定句型:be likely to do sth.(可能做某事)
例:She is likely to arrive early.(她可能早到。)
-It is likely that.(可能…)
例:It is likely that he will win.(他可能会赢。)
作副词(可能地)
most/very likely(很可能)
例:He will most likely refuse.(他很可能会拒绝。)
pathem
四、辨析:likely VS possible VS probable
-likely:主语可以是人或物,常用be likely to do
-possible:主语通常是it,常用It is possible to do/hat.
-probable:可能性比possible更高,常用It is probable that.
7:rather than
一、核心考点
词性:连词(conj.)
核心义:conj.而不是;宁可…也不愿
二、用法与常见搭配
连接并列成分(前后形式一致)
-接动词原形(前有would/had时)
例:I would stay at home rather than go out.(我宁愿待在家也不出去。)
-接名词代词
例:He chose milk rather than juice.(他选了牛奶而不是果汁。)
-接动名词(前后均为动名词时)
例:She likes singing1 ather than dancing.(她喜欢唱歌而不是跳舞。)
三、辨析:rather than VS instead of
-rather than可接动词原形,instead of接动名词
I prefer to walk rather than take a bus.(=I prefer walking instead of taking a bus.
-rather than侧重”主观选择”,instead of侧重”替代”
8:master
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)、动词(v)
核心义:n.高手;主人;vt.精通;掌握
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词/动词:master(核心词)
形容词:masterful(adj.熟练的:有控制力的)
名词:mastery(n.精通;掌握)
三、用法与常见搭配
作名词(高手/主人)
-a master of sth.(某方面的专家)
-master and servant(主人和仆人)
作动词(精通)
-master a skill/language(掌握技能/语言)
例:It takes years to master a musical instrument..(掌握一种乐器需要多年时间。)
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The school offers_activities for students to choose from,such as sports,music and
drama.
A)various
B)different
C)variety
D)varied
2.Under great from her parents,she decided to study abroad.
A)stress
B)pressure
C)challenge
D)relief
3.Learning a new language is atask,but it's also rewarding
A)challenge
B)challenged
C)challenging
D)challenges
4.His greatestis winning the national science competition last year.
A)accomplishment
B)achievement
C)achieve
D)achievable
5.After hearing the good news,she sighed relief.
A)with
B)in
C)of
D)at
6.It is that the team will win the championship this year
A)possible
B)probable
C)likely
D)possibly
7.She prefers to read books_watch TV in her free time.
A)rather than
B)instead of
C)other than
D)more than
8.Toa foreign language,you need to practice it every day.
A)master
B)pressure
C)challenge
D)relieve
9.The teacher the students to finish the project before Friday.
A)pressured
B)stressed
C)relieved
D)achieved
10.The of courses in the university allows students to explore different fields.
A)various
B)variety
C)vary
D)variably
(二)根据提示补全句子(6题)
1.The job requires a high level of(achieve).(提示:名词,成就)
2.She felt_relieve)after passing the driving test.(提示:形容词,感到轻松的)
3.The company is under_(press)to reduce costs..(提示:名词,压力)
4.Itis_Aike)to rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast..(提示:形容词,可能的)
5.He is a_(master)of traditional Chinese painting.(提示:名词,高手)
6.The_(vay)of plants in the1 ainforest is amazing.(提示:名词,多样性)
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.There are vways to solve this math problem
2.Too much pfrom work can affect your health
3.He accepted the cto climb the mountain without any equipment.
4.Her academic a include several published papers.
5.The medicine helped r his headache.
6.It is 1 that she will arrive before 6 pm.
7.I would stay at home r than go out on such a cold day.
8.It takes years to ma musical instrument.
9.The team faced many dduring the project but succeeded finally
10.A sense ofr came over her when she heard the good news
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A B C BB CAA A B
解析1(第1题):
考查various的用法。various表示”各种各样的”,修饰名词activities,符合句意”学校
提供各种活动供学生选择;different强调”不同”,variety是名词,varied是过去分词,
均不符合语境,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查pressure的固定搭配。nder pressure表示”处于压力下”,符合句意”在父母的巨大
压力下,她决定出国留学”;stress侧重心理压力,challenge表示挑战,relief表示解脱,
均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第3题):
考查challenging的用法。challenging作形容词表示”具有挑战性的”,修饰名词task,符
合句意”学习一门新语言是一项有挑战性的任务”;challenge是名词,challenged是过去
分词,challenges是复数形式,均不符合语法要求,故选C。
2.补全句子答案:
1.achievement 2.relieved 3.pressure 4.likely 5.master 6.variety
3.首字母填空答案:
1.various 2.pressure 3.challenge 4.achievements 5.relieve 6.likely 7.rather 8.master 9.
difficulties 10.relief
英语词汇复习手册·必修一·Unit3 Sports and fitness三