Unit 5 Play by the rules-2025-2026学年八年级上学期期末英语词汇复习（外研版）

期末词汇复习 8上·新外研·Unit5 Playbytherules'? 一、 重点单词详解 1:reduce 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.减少（数量/程度）、降低（价格/速度） 二、必记搭配与例句 1 educe sth.by.(减少了…)：The price was reduced by20%. reduce to..(减少到…)：The population reduced to500 reduce pollution(减少污染)：We should reduce pollution 三、重点派生词 reduction(名词)：a reduction in cost(成本降低) 2:avoid 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.避免，避开 二、必记搭配与例句 avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)：Avoid making mistakes avoid sth.（避开某物)：I avoided the busy street avoid meeting(避免见面)：She avoided meeting him 三、重点派生词 avoidable（形容词)：avoidable errors(可避免的错误) 3:limit 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.);名词(n.) 核心义：动词义：限制，限定；名词义：限度，限制 二、必记搭配与例句 limit sth.to.(把某物限制在…)：Limit your time to30 minutes. within limits(在一定范围内)：You can go out within limits. speed limit(限速)：The speed limit is60kum/h 三、重点派生词 limited(形容词)：limited resources(有限的资源) limitation（名词)：a limitation of the plan（计划的局限性) 4:aware 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.注意到的，察觉到的 二、必记搭配与例句 be aware of(意识到)：He is aware of the danger.. be aware that(意识到…)：I am aware that she is upset. become aware(开始意识到)：She became aware of the noise. 三、重点派生词 awareness(名词)：environmental awareness(环保意识) 5:behave 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.表现，举止 二、必记搭配与例句 behave well/badly(表现好/差)：The children behaved well behave oneself(举止得体)：Please behave yourself in public. behave towards(对…表现)：He behaved kindly towards her 三、 重点派生词 behavior(名词)：good behavior(良好行为) 6:spread 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.传播，散布；展开，铺开 二、必记搭配与例句 spread sth.to.(把某物传播到…)：Rumors spread to the village. spread out（展开，铺开)：Spread out the map. spread quickly(迅速传播)：The news spread quickly 三、 重点派生词 spread(过去式/过去分词)：The fire spread yesterday 7:urgent 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.紧急的，急迫的 二、必记搭配与例句 an urgent matter(紧急事情)：This is an urgent matter. urgent to do sth.（急需做某事)：It is urgent to call him urgent message (紧急消息)：She sent an urgent message. 三、重点派生词 rgency（名词)：the urgency of the situation(形势的紧迫性) 8:responsibility “、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.责任，职责 二、必记搭配与例句 take responsibility(承担责任)：Take responsibility for your actions. a sense of responsibility(责任感)：He has a strong sense of responsibility. have responsibility for(对…负责)：Teachers have responsibility for students. 三、重点派生词 responsible（形容词)：be responsible for(对…负责) 9:personal 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.个人的，私人的 二、必记搭配与例句 personal information(个人信息)：Don't share personal information. personal opinion(个人观点)：This is my personal opinion. personal experience(个人经历)：She told us her personal experience. 三、词义辨析 personal vs private:personal强调”个人的”（如观点、信息），private强调”私密的，不 公开的”（如生活、空间） 10:private 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：ad.个人的，秘密的；私人的，私有的 二、必记搭配与例句 private life(私人生活)：He values his private life private conver'sation(秘密谈话)：They had a private conversation. private school(私立学校)：She studies in a private school E、 词义辨析 personal vs private:personal强调”个人的”（如观点、信息），private强调”私密的，不 公开的”（如生活、空间） 11:cheat 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v):名词(n.) 核心义：动词义：欺诈，欺骗；名词义：骗子；欺诈行为 二、必记搭配与例句 cheat sb.(欺g骗某人)：He cheated me out of money.. cheat in exams(考试作弊)：Cheating in exams is wrong. a cheat(g骗子)：He is a cheat. 三、重点派生词 cheater（名词)：a cheater in games(游戏中的作弊者) 12:citizen 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：.市民，公民，城镇居民 二、必记搭配与例句 a good citizen(好公民)：He is a good citizen. citizen of...(…的公民)：She is a citizen of China. citizen rights（公民权利)：We have citizen rights 三、 重点派生词 citizenship(名词)：get citizenship(获得公民身份) 13:basic 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.基础的，基本的 必记搭配与例句 basic knowledge（基础知识)：Learn basic knowledge first. basic skills(基本技能)：We need basic skills for the job basic rules(基本规则)：Follow the basic rules. 三、 重点派生词 basically（副词)：Basically,.it's a simple problem. 14:avoid 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.避免，避开 二、必记搭配与例句 avoid doing sth.（避免做某事)：Avoid eating too much avoid danger(避开)：They avoided danger in time. 三、 重点派生词 avoidance(名词)：the avoidance of conflict(避免冲突) 15: careless 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.不小心的，粗心的 二、必记搭配与例句 careless mistakes(粗心的错误)：He made careless mistakes. be careless with（对…粗心)：She is careless with her things. careless driving（粗心驾驶)：Careless driving causes accidents. 三、重点派生词 carelessness（名词)：His carelessness led to failure. 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.We need topollution in our daily life A)reduce B)avoid C)limit D)spread 2.You must making the same mistake again A)reduce B)avoid C)behave D)spread 3.Pleaseyour time to 20 minutes for this task. A)limit B)aware C)behave D)cheat 4.He is_of the importance of learning English. A)avoid B)aware C)private D)basic 5.The childrenwell at the party yesterday A)behaved B)spread C)cheated D)limited 6.The news_quickly all over the school. A)reduced B)avoided C)spread D)behaved 7.It is to call the police right now. A)urgent B)personal C)private D)careless 8.Everyone should take_for their own actions. A)responsibility B)citizenship C)awareness D)behavior 9.Don't share your information with strangers online. A)private B)personal C)basic D)urgent 10.driving often causes traffic accidents A)Careless B)Aware C)Responsible D)Private (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The price of the book was (reduce)by 30% 2.We need to improve our environmental(aware). 3.Her_(behave)at the meeting was praised by everyone. 4.There is an(urge)need to solve this problem. 5.He has a strong sense of(responsible). 6.(Personal),I think this plan is not practical. 7.The (limit)of this project is the lack of money. 8.-(Careless)led to his failure in the exam (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.We should try to making mistakes in our homework. 2.The speed on this road is 80 km/h. 3.She is a good_who always helps others 4.Learning skills is important for this job 5.The firequickly because of the strong wind. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A BA B A CAAB A 2.补全句子答案： 1.reduced 2.awareness 3.behavior 4.urgent 5.responsibility 6.Personally 7.limitation 8. Carelessness 3.首字母填空答案： 1.avoid 2.limit 3.citizen 4.basic 5.spread 英语词汇复习手册·8上·新外研·Unit5 Play by the rules??