08 科普知识与现代技术——备战2026年中考英语一轮话题通关精准练（词汇 阅读 语法 写作）（全国通用，人教版）

08 科普知识与现代技术——备战2026年中考一轮话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+语法+写作） 涵盖主题：科普知识 科学技术 科学精神 科学幻想 信息技术 信息安全 发明与创造 数字与数据 网络的利弊 目录 01重点词汇过关 1 02话题短语必记 2 03话题优秀句式练笔 4 04话题阅读训练 6 05话题语法填空 16 06话题书面表达 19 01重点词汇过关 试卷第16页，共18页 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 科普知识 1. n. 科学 2. n. 科学家 3. adj. 科学的 4. n. 物理 5. n. 化学 6. n. 生物 7. v. 发现 8. n. 发现 9. n./v. 实验 10. n./v. 研究 11. n. 实验室 12. n. 理论 13. n. 知识 14. n. 宇宙 15. n. 行星 16. n. 自然 17. n. 环境 18. n. 气候 科学技术 19. n. 技术 20. adj. 技术的 21. adj. 先进的 22. adj. 现代的 23. n. 装置 24. n. 设备 25. n. 工具 26. n. 机器 27. n. 机器人 28. adj. 自动的 29. n. 系统 30. v. 操作 31. n. 功能 32. n. 发动机 33. n. 能量 34. adj. 电子的 科学精神 35. v. 探索 36. n. 探索 37. n. 好奇心 38. n. 想象力 39. n. 逻辑 40. n./v. 推理 41. v. 分析 42. adj. 批判性的 43. adj. 客观的 44. adj. 精确的 45. n. 证据 46. n. 证明 47. v. 观察 48. n. 结论 49. v. 解决 50. n./v. 挑战 科学幻想 51. n. 未来 52. v. 想象 53. n. 幻想 54. n. 外星人 55. n. 宇宙飞船 56. n. 星系 57. n. 时间旅行 58. n. 超能力 59. adj. 虚拟的 60. v. 预测 61. n. 可能性 62. adj. 未知的 信息技术 63. n. 信息 64. adj. 数字的 65. n. 计算机 66. n. 软件 67. n. 硬件 68. n. 程序 69. n. 应用程序 70. n. 网络 71. n. 互联网 72. adj. 在线的 73. n. 网站 74. n. 数据库 75. n. 代码 76. n. 指令 77. v. 点击 78. v./n. 搜索 79. v. 下载 80. v. 上传 信息安全 81. n. 安全 82. adj. 安全的 83. v. 保护 84. n. 隐私 85. n. 密码 86. n. 病毒 87. n. 黑客 88. n./v. 风险 89. n. 危险 90. n./v. 攻击 91. v. 盗窃 92. n. 欺诈 93. n./v. 信任 94. n. 警告 发明与创造 95. v. 发明 96. n. 发明 97. n. 发明家 98. v. 创造 99. n. 创造 100. adj. 有创造力的 101. n./v. 设计 102. v. 开发 103. n. 发展 104. v. 生产 105. n. 产品 106. n. 项目 107. v. 改进 108. n. 创新 109. n. 专利 数字与数据 110. n. 数据 111. n. 数字 112. n. 数字；图形 113. n. 统计 114. v. 计算 115. v. 计算 116. n. 结果 117. n. 总数 118. n. 数量 119. v. 增加 120. v. 减少 121. v. 测量 122. n. 尺寸 123. n. 速度 网络的利弊 124. adj. 方便的 125. adj. 高效的 126. v. 连接 127. n. 交流 128. n. 资源 129. n. 娱乐 130. v. 依赖 131. adj. 上瘾的 132. v./n. 浪费 133. v. 使分心 134. adj. 误导的 135. adj. 虚假的 136. n. 真相 137. n./v. 平衡 02话题短语必记 1. 1. 做实验 2. 科学研究 3. 自然环境 4. 气候变化 5. 太阳系 6. 做出发现 7. 现代技术 8. 高科技设备 9. 先进设备 10. 操作机器 11. 电子产品 12. 节约能源 13. 探索未知 14. 运用逻辑 15. 批判性思维 16. 寻找证据 17. 得出结论 18. 解决问题 19. 在未来 20. 科幻小说 21. 外星生命 22. 宇宙飞船船员 23. 虚拟世界 24. 时间机器 25. 数字时代 26. 计算机科学 27. 软件更新 28. network connection 网络连接 29. surf the Internet 上网 30. search for information 搜索信息 31. download a file 下载文件 32. information security 信息安全 33. 保护隐私 34. 设置密码 35. 电脑病毒 36. 网络诈骗 37. 安全警告 38. 进行发明 39. 创意设计 40. 开发产品 41. 科学项目 42. 科技创新 43. 收集数据 44. 大数据 45. 分析结果 46. 提高速度 47. 精确测量 48. 网络交流 49. 便利的生活 50. 沉迷网络 51. 浪费时间 52. 虚假信息 53. 找到平衡 03话题优秀句式练笔 1. 描述科技发展的普遍现象 句型：With the rapid development of ..., ... has become an important part of our daily life. 例句： 翻译：随着信息技术的快速发展，互联网已成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。 2. 表达对技术影响的辩证看法 句型：While ... brings us convenience, it also causes problems such as ... 例句： 翻译：虽然现代技术给我们带来了便利，但也引发了信息安全风险等问题。 3. 强调科学精神或品质的重要性 句型：... is the spirit that drives all ... and ... 例句： 翻译：好奇心与探索精神，是推动一切科学发现与技术创新的动力。 4. 就应对科技挑战提出建议 句型：To deal with the challenge of ..., we should ... and ... 例句： 翻译：为了应对网络欺诈的挑战，我们应提高安全意识并保护个人隐私。 5. 说明某项技术或发明的益处 句型：The invention of ... makes it possible for us to ..., which greatly ... 例句： 翻译：智能机器人的发明使我们能够完成危险工作，这极大地提升了效率与安全性。 6. 提出学习或应用科技知识的建议 句型：In the digital age, it is necessary for us to learn how to ... in order to ... 例句： 翻译：在数字时代，我们有必要学习如何分析数据，以便做出正确的决策。 7. 对比不同科技产品的特点或影响 句型：Compared with traditional ..., modern ... allows us to ... more ... 例句： 翻译：与传统工具相比，现代高科技设备让我们的工作和生活更加高效。 8. 对未来科技发展进行合理想象 句型：I imagine that in the future, ... will help humans to ... 例句： 翻译：我设想在未来，先进的宇宙飞船将帮助人类探索更多未知的行星。 9. 表达对科技工作者或发明的赞赏 句型：We should be thankful to ... for ..., which has changed our world. 例句： 翻译：我们应当感谢富有创造力的发明家们，是他们的伟大创造改变了我们的世界。 10. 总结对科技利用的最终观点 句型：In conclusion, the key is to make good use of ... while avoiding its ... 例句： 翻译：总之，关键在于善用科技成果，同时避免其可能的负面影响。 04话题阅读训练 （A） It’s said that it is the world’s most fantastic technology event, whose name is CES 2024. It was held in Las Vegas from January 9 to 12. Here are some of the coolest inventions at the CES 2024. walking assist device (辅助装置) WI Robotics is a company from South Korea. Recently, it created a new product called WIM. People can wear it when they walk. It helps save about 20% of the energy needed for walking. The product was already put into the market in January. smart desk bike LifeSpan is an American company. Its new product Ampera is a kind of desk with a built-in bike that can be used to charge your phone, but you have to ride the bike. A half-hour of riding can charge your phone by about 50%. The Ampera can be bought now for $799. magic mirror A company called Baracoda from France says its BMind smart mirror can take one look and tell how you’re feeling, then offer advice to help. The mirror is sold in 2024 for between $500 and $1,000. solar-powered car Squad Mobility is a car company in the Netherlands. Its new car looks like a children’s toy. In a sunny environment, the car can go about 13 miles just on solar charge from its rooftop panel (顶部面板). The company plans to put the cars on the market in 2025 at $ 6,250. 1．How long did the CES 2024 last? A．3 days. B．4 days. C．5 days. D．6 days. 2．Who created WIM? A．A company from France. B．A company from America. C．A company from South Korea. D．A company from the Netherlands. 3．What can the magic mirror do according to the passage? A．It can put on a magic show for you. B．It can charge the phone in a short time. C．It can help save the energy when you walk. D．It can tell how you’re feeling and then offer advice. 4．When can we buy a solar-powered car from Squad Mobility? A．In January, 2024. B．Sometime in 2025. C．By the end of 2024. D．In the middle of 2024. 5．What kind of text is this passage? A．A novel. B．A story. C．A diary. D．A report. （B） Have you heard of Bermuda Triangle (百慕大三角)? For years, people have believed that an area of the Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida, the US was a dangerous place. They thought planes and boats passing through here were likely to disappear. In 1945, five US Navy planes, called Flight 19, took off from Florida and never came back. After they disappeared into the Bermuda Triangle, different ideas had begun to circulate. However, scientists believe that weather is part of the problem. Unusually shaped clouds above the area create strong winds that go down into the water, creating huge tsunami (海啸) waves that can take down boats or low-flying planes. And many researchers believe that there’s no mystery at all. Ships go down and plane accidents happen all over the world. It just seems to happen more in the Bermuda Triangle because there’s more traffic. The Bermuda Triangle is also one of the deepest areas of the Atlantic, with some areas being 8 km deep. So, remains are hard to find, which makes the disappearances seem even more mysterious. In 2011, the Flight 19 planes were found, showing that they didn’t completely disappear. But no matter how much evidence (证据) there is, the Bermuda Triangle is much more dangerous than any other part of the ocean. 1．The writer starts this passage by _______. A．using a saying B．asking a question C．listing a fact D．telling a story 2．The underlined word “circulate” in Paragraph 2 means “_______”. A．spread B．admire C．change D．improve 3．Why is it hard to find the remains in the Bermuda Triangle? A．Because the remains completely disappeared. B．Because the Bermuda Triangle is too deep. C．Because the water runs too quickly. D．Because there are dangerous animals. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To encourage readers to visit the Bermuda Triangle. B．To tell readers the story of Flight 19 planes. C．To introduce the mysterious Bermuda Triangle to readers. D．To show readers how to pass the Bermuda Triangle safely. （C） When ChatGPT came out, Olivia Lipkin, a copywriter in San Francisco, found herself with less and less work to do. Last April, she was fired with no explanation. She realized the reason when hearing managers talking about how using ChatGPT was at a lower cost than having a human writer. Eric Fein had worked in a writing company for ten years. He became jobless last March because of ChatGPT. He said to his boss that ChatGPT couldn’t write with his level of creativity. His boss said he understood, but he would have to pay more to Fein than using ChatGPT. AI systems like ChatGPT could replace hundreds of millions of jobs in the future. And for those who write social media posts and ads, the effect is already here. However, experts say that even the best AI systems can’t match the writing skills of a human. It doesn’t have a personal voice or style. Besides, it often gives the wrong answers. Indeed, companies that have replaced human workers with ChatGPT have run into trouble. CNET, a technology news site, once used AI systems to write articles. The results, however, were full of mistakes. And the U. S. National Eating Disorders Association once replaced its helpline workers with robots. But it had to stop using the technology after the robots gave people harmful advice. After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has decided to be an air-conditioning technician (技师), a job that AI can’t do. And Lipkin now works as a dog walker. She says, “People are looking for the cheapest solution, and that’s not a person—it’s a robot.” 1．Why did Lipkin and Fein lose their jobs? A．There was less and less work for them to do. B．ChatGPT was much more creative than them. C．Cost savings were the companies’ top priority. D． The companies thought their work was of low quality. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．AI systems will replace all kinds of jobs. B．AI systems can write as well as human writers. C．AI systems have a personal voice and style. D．AI systems still have a long way to go. 3．What can we know about ChatGPT? A．It requires no corrections in writing. B．It may give wrong suggestions to users. C．It can only be used to write articles. D．It has been widely used in every field. 4．Which of the following best describes Lipkin and Fein? A．Positive and honest. B．Strong-minded and hard-working. C．Patient and easy-going. D．Kind-hearted and smart. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Will ChatGPT Replace Humans? B．Should Humans Trust ChatGPT? C．Will ChatGPT Become Creative? D．Can ChatGPT Think by Itself? （D） Have you ever felt too hot at home in summer, even with the air conditioner running? Scientists have made a new kind of paint (油漆). It can keep houses cooler without using electricity. Let’s find out more about this wonderful invention! This special paint is called “cool paint”. Unlike traditional paints that take in sunlight, the cool paint works by sending most of the sun’s light away from your home. It has tiny particles (粒子) inside that are like small mirrors. When sunlight hits the walls or roof, these particles send the heat back into the air instead of letting it enter the house. So, even on the hottest days, your home stays naturally cool! The key is in the paint’s materials. Traditional paints often come in dark colors that hold heat. But the cool paint uses special colorful powders. These materials are made to reflect infrared radiation—the part of sunlight that makes things feel hot. Some types of the paint even have a shiny surface, like a thin piece of glass, to help reflect more light. The cool paint matters for two main reasons. First, when homes stay cool naturally, people use less air conditioning. This lowers electricity bills. Second, using less energy helps fight climate change. The cool paint is to make buildings more “eco-friendly” with lower cost. You can put the cool paint on any part of a building that gets sunlight, such as roofs (the best place, as roofs get the most direct sun), outdoor walls and even outdoor chairs. Some cities are already testing the cool paint on public buildings like schools and libraries. In hot countries like India and Saudi Arabia, people use it to keep their homes comfortable. Scientists are still making the cool paint better. Some new kinds can even work at night! They send heat from the building into the sky, making the house cooler after sunset. As more people use the cool paint, it may become a normal part of building design, helping us stay cool and protect the environment at the same time. Next time you see a house with a light-colored roof or shiny walls, it might be using this smart invention. Who would have thought paint could be so “cool”? 1．Why is the cool paint special? A．Because it can reflect the heat. B．Because it has small mirrors. C．Because it can take in sunlight. D．Because it looks really cool. 2．What does the word “eco-friendly” in the fourth paragraph most likely mean? A．Easy to make. B．Good for the environment. C．Not expensive. D．Very colorful. 3．Which example shows the use of the cool paint? A．A company paints the walls with colorful paints. B．A farmer uses a paint that changes colors with weather. C．A city paints bus stops with dark blue paint to take in heat. D．A woman uses shiny paint on her roof to lower temperature. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Save Money with Cool Paint B．A Cool Way to Cool Down Houses C．How to Make Houses Beautiful D．Traditional Paints and Cool Paints （E） Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals. According to WMO, temperatures on Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.5℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered suitable for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be a terribly cold place. In fact, the average temperature of its central area is -57℃. Besides, many places are experiencing the bad weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving forest fires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops (庄稼) in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China. “Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.” 1．What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage? A．Hunting. B．Climate change. C．The sea ice loss. D．The Arctic ice melting. 2．What do you think of Antarctica? A．It’s comfortable to live in. B．It’s friendly to live in. C．It’s unhealthy to live in. D．It’s unfit to live in. 3．Which place experienced drought this year in the passage? A．Egypt. B．America. C．South Korea. D．China. 4．What can you get from this passage? A．Antarctica is a good choice for a hiking trip. B．Terrible weather led to wildfires burning in Europe. C．Lots of people lost their lives because of the heat wave. D．The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015. 5．What is the main idea for this passage? A．The whole planet is drier and drier. B．Antarctica is warmer and warmer. C．Climate change is getting worse and worse. D．The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller. （F） Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old girl asked Alexa to get them. Alexa wasn’t her mom or sister. It was a voice-activated home assistant (语音助手) powered by artificial intelligence (AI). Alexa quickly made Brooke’s wishes come true. A few days later, much to her parents’ surprise, a $170 dollhouse and four pounds of cookies arrived at their house. (They ate the cookies and donated the dollhouse to a local hospital.) And that’s not the end of the story. When a news reporter told the story of what happened on TV, Alexa devices in many listeners’ homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses! Alexa isn’t the only AI ready to order up gifts for you. Apple Home Pod has Siri, and Google Home has its Assistant. People who own these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting times. According to a report from The Information, voice shopping is not very common yet. People who do it mainly order simple things like paper towels. But many experts predict a boom (暴涨) in voice shopping in the near future. Is that a good thing? Convenience is the main advantage of voice shopping. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you’re cooking, cleaning, or driving. In addition, people with disabilities who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without others’ help. But voice shopping has its downsides. Unwanted dollhouses aren’t the biggest problem. It’s usually very easy to cancel an order or return items. The thing is that they are always there to listen for “Alexa” or “OK Google”. When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people’s shopping habits? And what if someone hacks (侵入) the device? 1．What did Brooke ask Alexa to get for her? A．A pet dog and paper towels. B．A new bicycle and toy bears. C．A video game and a keyboard. D．A dollhouse and sugar cookies. 2．What is the correct order of the following activities? ①Her parents got a surprise package. ②A news reporter told the story of Brooke on TV. ③ Brooke asked Alexa for a dollhouse and cookies. ④Alexa devices in other homes tried to order dollhouses. A．③-①-④-② B．③-①-②-④ C．④-①-③-② D．④-②-③-① 3．What does the underlined word “downsides” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Weaknesses. B．Processes. C．Chances. D．Secrets. 4．What do some people worry about the most regarding voice-activated assistants? A．They will buy many unwanted things. B．The recordings would be used improperly. C．They cannot be used to make phone calls. D．They are not good at understanding orders. （G） Seagrass, an underwater plant that grows on the ocean floor, is very important for sea life. It also helps prevent global (全球的) warming by storing carbon (碳), a harmful gas. However, scientists don’t know exactly how much seagrass is at the bottom of the ocean. With the help of tiger sharks, a team of researchers has discovered the world’s largest seagrass meadow on the seafloor near the Bahamas. Seagrass meadows are home to many different kinds of fish, shellfish, and so on. Large sea animals, such as sharks, also spend a lot of time there looking for food. Seagrass can grow in very deep and dark waters, making it difficult to find. But sharks can dive (潜水) deep into the water and get to the areas people cannot reach. After noticing tiger sharks swimming through seagrass off the Bahamas, an American scientist worked with a seagrass expert, trying to map the locations (位置) of the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras. Since tiger sharks swim in groups, they placed satellite tracking tags (卫星跟踪器) on eight other sharks to find out exactly where the animals swam. They collected hours of videos of the tiger sharks swimming through seagrass. The researchers found more seagrass growing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe that there is more seagrass there than anywhere else on Earth. The new finding increased the total number of seagrass known to exist by 41%. However, more research is needed to discover the true size of the seagrass meadow. Scientists often depend on findings from divers and boats to study about the underwater world, but this team found that working with animals improved their understanding. They are now placing cameras on sea turtles to study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hopefully, more mysteries about seagrass will be solved. 1．What are the scientists studying according to the text? A．Seagrass. B．The Bahamas. C．Sharks. D．Cameras. 2．Researchers used tiger sharks to study seagrass because they could ________. A．make videos of fish B．eat seagrass as their main food C．storing harmful carbon D．dive deep into the waters near the seagrass 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The reason for the study. B．The finding of the research. C．The way to do the research. D．The difficulty in carrying out the study. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell the importance of saving seagrass. B．To express the strong love for tiger sharks. C．To share a new way of doing undersea research. D．To introduce a special project on global warming. （H） Cesare recently graduated with excellent grades. However, he was more excited about the success he had last year. Cesare grew up in Italy, but for the past two years, he has been attending a high school in England. In school, he was allowed to choose an extra area of study. After seeing a video about someone building a nuclear fusion reactor (核聚变反应堆), Cesare wanted to build one, too. 1 But Cesare worked to persuade (说服) his teachers. Finally, the school agreed. To Cesare’s surprise, his regular classes weren’t teaching him how to build a fusion reactor. 2 He also looked up information on the Internet and watched relevant videos. Step by step, working long hours with his physics teacher and his advisor, Cesare built the reactor. 3 One important step in building a fusion reactor is to “achieve plasma (产生等离子体)”, but Cesare was never able to do so. It was later discovered that a special piece of metal didn’t fit well in the device, which caused it to keep leaking (渗漏). 4 The team was almost ready to give up. But the next time, the reactor worked, creating plasma. Cesare could hardly believe his eyes. Cesare is one of the youngest students to have built such an advanced fusion reactor. But for Cesare, it wasn’t just about the reactor. 5 . College is the next stop for Cesare. No matter where he goes, he’ll probably continue to change people’s ideas about how much young people can achieve. A．They failed four times. B．To learn this, he spent many hours doing research. C．Last June, the reactor was finished. D．It was also about learning by doing. E．Both of his parents are experts in chemistry. F．The school wasn’t so excited about the idea. （I） Science in the Movies What do movie makers do when they want to know what a black hole looks like? “Quick, get me a scientist!” Mika McKinnon is a geologist and physicist in Canada. 1 We asked her some questions about her job. How did you get interested in science? I watched too much Star Trek as a kid. 2 When I asked my mom why the sky was blue, she would make me research it and actually learn the answers. So I learnt that science is something you can study anywhere, any time. 3 A movie company came to my university looking for a “string theorist” (a kind of atom scientist). I figured they were saying “string theorist” because that was the smartest scientist they could think of. I said, you don’t need a string theorist, you need me! So I went to work. What do you do at work? I first worked on the TV show Stargate, in the prop department, which is in charge of anything an actor touches. They would lend me out to people decorating sets and doing special effects, the writers’ room, and anybody who wanted to ask a scientist questions. 4 Most science fiction is about “what if” questions. What if the speed of light were different? What if we had a colony on Mars? What if we could travel to another solar system in the blink of an eye? I realized how useful it was for storytellers to be able to ask all those what-ifs and actually get answers. Why does it matter to get the science right in a made-up story? That was one of my first questions too. One of the writers told me that by getting things right when you can, you get everyone to believe in your world and your story. 5 I also think real science is often more interesting than fiction. There are so many things in this world that are stranger and more unusual than we imagine. So telling the truth can actually be a way of stretching belief. A．I am a huge fan of science fiction. B．There’s a lot of science behind movies. C．How did you start working in the movies? D．She also works as a science adviser to Hollywood. E．It allows storytellers to have more surprising plots. F．Then I worked with a movie company to create story ideas. 05话题语法填空 （A） An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at night may mean that there 1 (be) clear skies to the west. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already 2 (pass), so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In 3 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. 4 today, scientific instruments are used to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. 5 (lucky), most of us can simply look at our smartphone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. Two basic 6 (rule) are used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves 7 west to east, and low air pressure usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows (彩虹) appear in the west at sunrise, rain is on the way. Smell the flowers —their smells are much 8 (strong) in wet air. Are the birds 9 (fly) low or high? Falling air pressure may affect 10 (they) ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! （B） Do you use an envelope (信封) these days? It 1 (design) to protect letters. But do you know when and where the envelope first 2 (appear)? The history of envelopes is probably 3 (long) than you think. In ancient China, it was used 4 (protect) royal messages. However, the early envelope was nothing like what we use today. It was made 5 clay and looked like a ball. To read the message, one had to break the “envelope”. The 6 (one) paper envelope appeared around 200 BC． It was also invented by the Chinese. However, at the beginning, people used it only to send money to each other as gifts. It was not until around the seventh century that it was used for 7 (send) messages. The envelope was made completely by hand, and it was very expensive. In the 19th century, printing methods improved 8 (great). In 1853, an American 9 (invent) Russell Hawes, invented an envelope maker. The machine could produce about 12,500 envelopes every day. With these improvements, the cost of envelopes went down. Today, e-mails have become more popular than handwritten letters. 10 , billions of envelopes are still used around the world every year. They are still part of modern life. （C） We can see bottles almost everywhere. Can you imagine they can be sent into the sky? A science teacher and his students made a rocket with bottles and launched (发射) it 1 (success). The teacher is called Wang Yin. He said that the school’s learning theme (主题) of this year was 2 space and humans. To let students experience the launching process of spacecraft, Wang decided to help his students make a water rocket. The water rocket is 3 (push) by air and water. It isn’t a new idea, but what Wang wanted to make was a two-stage rocket. It wasn’t 4 easy job for the students. But they showed great interest and did all the work with 5 (excited). They continued with the project even after they had failed many 6 (time). On December 17th, 2023, Wang and his students made it. Their rocket 7 (rise) to a height (高度) of over one hundred meters. Later that day, Wang posted a video about the launch online. In just half a day, over 13 million people watched it. They all spoke highly of 8 he did. Wang said, “My students are crazy about it. It’s really 9 (mean)”. He hoped he could help develop students’ interest in science and 10 (invent) instead of simply teaching them knowledge. （D） The Xuelong-2 is China’s first domestically-built (本国建造的) icebreaker. It is very important. It 1 (build) in 2017. It began to be used in 2019. It helps us learn more about the polar regions. The 41st Antarctic expedition (南极考察) started in November, 2024. Recently, the Xuelong-2 icebreaker 2 (reach) the Antarctic ice sheet. It is busy 3 (break) ice. It is also guiding the Xuelong to Zhongshan Station. This icebreaker is 4 (exact) designed for polar work. It is 122.5 meters long and 22.32 meters wide. When it breaks ice, it can break ice 5 is 1.5 meters thick with 0.2 meters of snow on it. The Xuelong-2 is special. It can break ice with both the front and the back. The front of the ship is like a knife for ice. It can break ice well. 6 the ice is too thick, it can move back a little and then go forward fast to break the ice. The back of the ship is much 7 (strong). It has a nice shape. The two propellers (螺旋桨) can break the ice under the water and move the broken ice away. The Xuelong-2 has good scientific research things on it. It is like 8 moving research place. Scientists on the ship can study many things about the polar environment, such as ocean currents, weather 9 (change) and different animals and plants. It provides them 10 a good platform for collecting important data and samples. 06话题书面表达 （A） 随着AI的普及，越来越多青少年在学习中使用AI，其中，利用AI工具完成学习任务十分普遍。有人认为它能节省时间、提高学习效率；也有人担忧其削弱独立思考能力、限制创造力。English Spot针对初中生使用AI完成学习任务展开了一个调查，调查结果显示： Should Students be allowed to use AI to help learning? 请根据以上调查结果，撰写一篇题目为“Should students be allowed to use AI to help learning?”的英语短文。 内容要点： 2. 提出自己的观点：你是否赞成使用AI工具帮助学习？ 3. 阐述赞成或者不赞成的理由（至少3点），并举例说明； 4. 给同学们使用AI辅助工具的可操作的建议。 注意： 5. 语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范； 6. 必须包含所给提示，可适当发挥； 7. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名； 8. 词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Should Students be allowed to use AI to help learning? Recently, English Spot surveyed some teenagers on using AI. 53% of the interviewees agree to use AI, while 47% of them disagree. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （B） 你校英语俱乐部将举办以“Great changes in communication”为题的征文活动。请你结合图示信息，根据写作要求，写一篇应征稿描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。 要求：(1)词数不少于80词，应征稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数;             (2)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 参考词汇：receive 收到 Great changes in communication With the rapid development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in the way people communicate with each other. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ 08 科普知识与现代技术——备战2026年中考一轮话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+语法+写作） 涵盖主题：科普知识 科学技术 科学精神 科学幻想 信息技术 信息安全 发明与创造 数字与数据 网络的利弊 目录 01重点词汇过关 1 02话题短语必记 2 03话题优秀句式练笔 4 04话题阅读训练 6 05话题语法填空 22 06话题书面表达 27 01重点词汇过关 试卷第16页，共18页 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 科普知识 1. science n. 科学 2. scientist n. 科学家 3. scientific adj. 科学的 4. physics n. 物理 5. chemistry n. 化学 6. biology n. 生物 7. discover v. 发现 8. discovery n. 发现 9. experiment n./v. 实验 10. research n./v. 研究 11. laboratory n. 实验室 12. theory n. 理论 13. knowledge n. 知识 14. universe n. 宇宙 15. planet n. 行星 16. nature n. 自然 17. environment n. 环境 18. climate n. 气候 科学技术 19. technology n. 技术 20. technical adj. 技术的 21. advanced adj. 先进的 22. modern adj. 现代的 23. device n. 装置 24. equipment n. 设备 25. tool n. 工具 26. machine n. 机器 27. robot n. 机器人 28. automatic adj. 自动的 29. system n. 系统 30. operate v. 操作 31. function n. 功能 32. engine n. 发动机 33. energy n. 能量 34. electronic adj. 电子的 科学精神 35. explore v. 探索 36. exploration n. 探索 37. curiosity n. 好奇心 38. imagination n. 想象力 39. logic n. 逻辑 40. reason n./v. 推理 41. analyze v. 分析 42. critical adj. 批判性的 43. objective adj. 客观的 44. accurate adj. 精确的 45. evidence n. 证据 46. proof n. 证明 47. observe v. 观察 48. conclusion n. 结论 49. solve v. 解决 50. challenge n./v. 挑战 科学幻想 51. future n. 未来 52. imagine v. 想象 53. fantasy n. 幻想 54. alien n. 外星人 55. spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 56. galaxy n. 星系 57. time travel n. 时间旅行 58. superpower n. 超能力 59. virtual adj. 虚拟的 60. predict v. 预测 61. possibility n. 可能性 62. unknown adj. 未知的 信息技术 63. information n. 信息 64. digital adj. 数字的 65. computer n. 计算机 66. software n. 软件 67. hardware n. 硬件 68. program n. 程序 69. app n. 应用程序 70. network n. 网络 71. Internet n. 互联网 72. online adj. 在线的 73. website n. 网站 74. database n. 数据库 75. code n. 代码 76. command n. 指令 77. click v. 点击 78. search v./n. 搜索 79. download v. 下载 80. upload v. 上传 信息安全 81. security n. 安全 82. safe adj. 安全的 83. protect v. 保护 84. privacy n. 隐私 85. password n. 密码 86. virus n. 病毒 87. hacker n. 黑客 88. risk n./v. 风险 89. danger n. 危险 90. attack n./v. 攻击 91. steal v. 盗窃 92. fraud n. 欺诈 93. trust n./v. 信任 94. warning n. 警告 发明与创造 95. invent v. 发明 96. invention n. 发明 97. inventor n. 发明家 98. create v. 创造 99. creation n. 创造 100. creative adj. 有创造力的 101. design n./v. 设计 102. develop v. 开发 103. development n. 发展 104. produce v. 生产 105. product n. 产品 106. project n. 项目 107. improve v. 改进 108. innovation n. 创新 109. patent n. 专利 数字与数据 110. data n. 数据 111. number n. 数字 112. figure n. 数字；图形 113. statistic n. 统计 114. count v. 计算 115. calculate v. 计算 116. result n. 结果 117. total n. 总数 118. amount n. 数量 119. increase v. 增加 120. decrease v. 减少 121. measure v. 测量 122. size n. 尺寸 123. speed n. 速度 网络的利弊 124. convenient adj. 方便的 125. efficient adj. 高效的 126. connect v. 连接 127. communication n. 交流 128. resource n. 资源 129. entertainment n. 娱乐 130. depend v. 依赖 131. addicted adj. 上瘾的 132. waste v./n. 浪费 133. distract v. 使分心 134. misleading adj. 误导的 135. false adj. 虚假的 136. truth n. 真相 137. balance n./v. 平衡 02话题短语必记 1. 1. do an experiment 做实验 2. scientific research 科学研究 3. natural environment 自然环境 4. climate change 气候变化 5. solar system 太阳系 6. make a discovery 做出发现 7. modern technology 现代技术 8. high-tech device 高科技设备 9. advanced equipment 先进设备 10. operate a machine 操作机器 11. electronic product 电子产品 12. save energy 节约能源 13. explore the unknown 探索未知 14. use logic 运用逻辑 15. critical thinking 批判性思维 16. find evidence 寻找证据 17. draw a conclusion 得出结论 18. solve a problem 解决问题 19. in the future 在未来 20. science fiction 科幻小说 21. alien life 外星生命 22. spaceship crew 宇宙飞船船员 23. virtual world 虚拟世界 24. time machine 时间机器 25. digital age 数字时代 26. computer science 计算机科学 27. software update 软件更新 28. network connection 网络连接 29. surf the Internet 上网 30. search for information 搜索信息 31. download a file 下载文件 32. information security 信息安全 33. protect privacy 保护隐私 34. set a password 设置密码 35. computer virus 电脑病毒 36. online fraud 网络诈骗 37. safety warning 安全警告 38. make an invention 进行发明 39. creative design 创意设计 40. develop a product 开发产品 41. science project 科学项目 42. technological innovation 科技创新 43. collect data 收集数据 44. big data 大数据 45. analyze results 分析结果 46. increase speed 提高速度 47. measure accurately 精确测量 48. online communication 网络交流 49. convenient life 便利的生活 50. be addicted to the Internet 沉迷网络 51. waste time 浪费时间 52. false information 虚假信息 53. find a balance 找到平衡 03话题优秀句式练笔 1. 描述科技发展的普遍现象 句型：With the rapid development of ..., ... has become an important part of our daily life. 例句：With the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has become an important part of our daily life. 翻译：随着信息技术的快速发展，互联网已成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。 2. 表达对技术影响的辩证看法 句型：While ... brings us convenience, it also causes problems such as ... 例句：While modern technology brings us convenience, it also causes problems such as information security risks. 翻译：虽然现代技术给我们带来了便利，但也引发了信息安全风险等问题。 3. 强调科学精神或品质的重要性 句型：... is the spirit that drives all ... and ... 例句：Curiosity and exploration are the spirits that drive all scientific discovery and technological innovation. 翻译：好奇心与探索精神，是推动一切科学发现与技术创新的动力。 4. 就应对科技挑战提出建议 句型：To deal with the challenge of ..., we should ... and ... 例句：To deal with the challenge of online fraud, we should improve our security awareness and protect our personal privacy. 翻译：为了应对网络欺诈的挑战，我们应提高安全意识并保护个人隐私。 5. 说明某项技术或发明的益处 句型：The invention of ... makes it possible for us to ..., which greatly ... 例句：The invention of smart robots makes it possible for us to finish dangerous work, which greatly improves efficiency and safety. 翻译：智能机器人的发明使我们能够完成危险工作，这极大地提升了效率与安全性。 6. 提出学习或应用科技知识的建议 句型：In the digital age, it is necessary for us to learn how to ... in order to ... 例句：In the digital age, it is necessary for us to learn how to analyze data in order to make the right decisions. 翻译：在数字时代，我们有必要学习如何分析数据，以便做出正确的决策。 7. 对比不同科技产品的特点或影响 句型：Compared with traditional ..., modern ... allows us to ... more ... 例句：Compared with traditional tools, modern high-tech devices allow us to work and live more efficiently. 翻译：与传统工具相比，现代高科技设备让我们的工作和生活更加高效。 8. 对未来科技发展进行合理想象 句型：I imagine that in the future, ... will help humans to ... 例句：I imagine that in the future, advanced spaceships will help humans to explore more unknown planets. 翻译：我设想在未来，先进的宇宙飞船将帮助人类探索更多未知的行星。 9. 表达对科技工作者或发明的赞赏 句型：We should be thankful to ... for ..., which has changed our world. 例句：We should be thankful to creative inventors for their great creations, which have changed our world. 翻译：我们应当感谢富有创造力的发明家们，是他们的伟大创造改变了我们的世界。 10. 总结对科技利用的最终观点 句型：In conclusion, the key is to make good use of ... while avoiding its ... 例句：In conclusion, the key is to make good use of scientific achievements while avoiding their possible negative effects. 翻译：总之，关键在于善用科技成果，同时避免其可能的负面影响。 04话题阅读训练 （A） It’s said that it is the world’s most fantastic technology event, whose name is CES 2024. It was held in Las Vegas from January 9 to 12. Here are some of the coolest inventions at the CES 2024. walking assist device (辅助装置) WI Robotics is a company from South Korea. Recently, it created a new product called WIM. People can wear it when they walk. It helps save about 20% of the energy needed for walking. The product was already put into the market in January. smart desk bike LifeSpan is an American company. Its new product Ampera is a kind of desk with a built-in bike that can be used to charge your phone, but you have to ride the bike. A half-hour of riding can charge your phone by about 50%. The Ampera can be bought now for $799. magic mirror A company called Baracoda from France says its BMind smart mirror can take one look and tell how you’re feeling, then offer advice to help. The mirror is sold in 2024 for between $500 and $1,000. solar-powered car Squad Mobility is a car company in the Netherlands. Its new car looks like a children’s toy. In a sunny environment, the car can go about 13 miles just on solar charge from its rooftop panel (顶部面板). The company plans to put the cars on the market in 2025 at $ 6,250. 1．How long did the CES 2024 last? A．3 days. B．4 days. C．5 days. D．6 days. 2．Who created WIM? A．A company from France. B．A company from America. C．A company from South Korea. D．A company from the Netherlands. 3．What can the magic mirror do according to the passage? A．It can put on a magic show for you. B．It can charge the phone in a short time. C．It can help save the energy when you walk. D．It can tell how you’re feeling and then offer advice. 4．When can we buy a solar-powered car from Squad Mobility? A．In January, 2024. B．Sometime in 2025. C．By the end of 2024. D．In the middle of 2024. 5．What kind of text is this passage? A．A novel. B．A story. C．A diary. D．A report. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了CES 2024上的一些很酷的发明，包括步行辅助装置、智能办公桌自行车、魔法镜子和太阳能汽车等，并对这些发明的特点、创造公司、价格和上市时间等进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据“It was held in Las Vegas from January 9 to 12.”可知，CES 2024从1月9日持续到12日，一共是4天。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“WI Robotics is a company from South Korea. Recently, it created a new product called WIM.”可知，WIM是由一家来自韩国的公司创造的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“A company called Baracoda from France says its BMind smart mirror can take one look and tell how you’re feeling, then offer advice to help.”可知，魔法镜子能识别出你的感受，然后给出建议。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The company plans to put the cars on the market in 2025 at $ 6,250.”可知，我们能在2025年的某个时候从Squad Mobility公司买到太阳能汽车。故选B。 5．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了CES 2024上的一些很酷的发明，包括步行辅助装置、智能办公桌自行车、魔法镜子和太阳能汽车等，并对这些发明的特点、创造公司、价格和上市时间等进行了介绍，所以这篇文章是一篇报道。故选D。 （B） Have you heard of Bermuda Triangle (百慕大三角)? For years, people have believed that an area of the Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida, the US was a dangerous place. They thought planes and boats passing through here were likely to disappear. In 1945, five US Navy planes, called Flight 19, took off from Florida and never came back. After they disappeared into the Bermuda Triangle, different ideas had begun to circulate. However, scientists believe that weather is part of the problem. Unusually shaped clouds above the area create strong winds that go down into the water, creating huge tsunami (海啸) waves that can take down boats or low-flying planes. And many researchers believe that there’s no mystery at all. Ships go down and plane accidents happen all over the world. It just seems to happen more in the Bermuda Triangle because there’s more traffic. The Bermuda Triangle is also one of the deepest areas of the Atlantic, with some areas being 8 km deep. So, remains are hard to find, which makes the disappearances seem even more mysterious. In 2011, the Flight 19 planes were found, showing that they didn’t completely disappear. But no matter how much evidence (证据) there is, the Bermuda Triangle is much more dangerous than any other part of the ocean. 1．The writer starts this passage by _______. A．using a saying B．asking a question C．listing a fact D．telling a story 2．The underlined word “circulate” in Paragraph 2 means “_______”. A．spread B．admire C．change D．improve 3．Why is it hard to find the remains in the Bermuda Triangle? A．Because the remains completely disappeared. B．Because the Bermuda Triangle is too deep. C．Because the water runs too quickly. D．Because there are dangerous animals. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To encourage readers to visit the Bermuda Triangle. B．To tell readers the story of Flight 19 planes. C．To introduce the mysterious Bermuda Triangle to readers. D．To show readers how to pass the Bermuda Triangle safely. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍百慕大三角的“神秘”：人们认为它是危险区域，科学家从天气、交通等角度解释其现象，同时提到该区域深度导致残骸难寻等情况。 1．篇章结构题。根据文章开头“Have you heard of Bermuda Triangle (百慕大三角)?”可知，作者以提问的方式开篇。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第2段“After they disappeared into the Bermuda Triangle, different ideas had begun to circulate.”可知，“说法”对应的动作是“传播”，“circulate”意为“spread”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“The Bermuda Triangle is also one of the deepest areas of the Atlantic, with some areas being 8 km deep. So, remains are hard to find...”可知，残骸难寻是因为百慕大三角太深。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文围绕百慕大三角的“神秘”、相关现象及解释展开，可知作者的写作目的是向读者介绍神秘的百慕大三角。故选C。 （C） When ChatGPT came out, Olivia Lipkin, a copywriter in San Francisco, found herself with less and less work to do. Last April, she was fired with no explanation. She realized the reason when hearing managers talking about how using ChatGPT was at a lower cost than having a human writer. Eric Fein had worked in a writing company for ten years. He became jobless last March because of ChatGPT. He said to his boss that ChatGPT couldn’t write with his level of creativity. His boss said he understood, but he would have to pay more to Fein than using ChatGPT. AI systems like ChatGPT could replace hundreds of millions of jobs in the future. And for those who write social media posts and ads, the effect is already here. However, experts say that even the best AI systems can’t match the writing skills of a human. It doesn’t have a personal voice or style. Besides, it often gives the wrong answers. Indeed, companies that have replaced human workers with ChatGPT have run into trouble. CNET, a technology news site, once used AI systems to write articles. The results, however, were full of mistakes. And the U. S. National Eating Disorders Association once replaced its helpline workers with robots. But it had to stop using the technology after the robots gave people harmful advice. After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has decided to be an air-conditioning technician (技师), a job that AI can’t do. And Lipkin now works as a dog walker. She says, “People are looking for the cheapest solution, and that’s not a person—it’s a robot.” 1．Why did Lipkin and Fein lose their jobs? A．There was less and less work for them to do. B．ChatGPT was much more creative than them. C．Cost savings were the companies’ top priority. D． The companies thought their work was of low quality. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．AI systems will replace all kinds of jobs. B．AI systems can write as well as human writers. C．AI systems have a personal voice and style. D．AI systems still have a long way to go. 3．What can we know about ChatGPT? A．It requires no corrections in writing. B．It may give wrong suggestions to users. C．It can only be used to write articles. D．It has been widely used in every field. 4．Which of the following best describes Lipkin and Fein? A．Positive and honest. B．Strong-minded and hard-working. C．Patient and easy-going. D．Kind-hearted and smart. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Will ChatGPT Replace Humans? B．Should Humans Trust ChatGPT? C．Will ChatGPT Become Creative? D．Can ChatGPT Think by Itself? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了ChatGPT的出现导致一些从事写作相关工作的人员失业，同时介绍了ChatGPT存在的不足，如写作缺乏个人风格、常给出错误答案等，还提及被替代人员重新选择职业，引发了关于ChatGPT是否会取代人类的思考。 1．细节理解题。根据“She realized the reason when hearing managers talking about how using ChatGPT was at a lower cost than having a human writer.”以及“His boss said he understood, but he would have to pay more to Fein than using ChatGPT.”可知，公司使用ChatGPT成本更低，所以他们失业是因为公司把节省成本放在首位。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“However, experts say that even the best AI systems can’t match the writing skills of a human. It doesn’t have a personal voice or style. Besides, it often gives the wrong answers.”可知，即使最好的人工智能系统也比不上人类的写作技巧，没有个人声音和风格，还经常给出错误答案，由此可知，人工智能系统还有很长的路要走。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Besides, it often gives the wrong answers.”以及“But it had to stop using the technology after the robots gave people harmful advice.”可知，ChatGPT可能会给用户错误的建议。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has decided to be an air-conditioning technician (技师), a job that AI can’t do. And Lipkin now works as a dog walker.”可知，被ChatGPT替代后他们没有放弃，而是重新选择职业，由此可看出他们意志坚强且努力工作。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要围绕ChatGPT是否会取代人类展开，介绍了因ChatGPT失业的情况、其存在的不足等，所以“Will ChatGPT Replace Humans?”最适合做标题。故选A。 （D） Have you ever felt too hot at home in summer, even with the air conditioner running? Scientists have made a new kind of paint (油漆). It can keep houses cooler without using electricity. Let’s find out more about this wonderful invention! This special paint is called “cool paint”. Unlike traditional paints that take in sunlight, the cool paint works by sending most of the sun’s light away from your home. It has tiny particles (粒子) inside that are like small mirrors. When sunlight hits the walls or roof, these particles send the heat back into the air instead of letting it enter the house. So, even on the hottest days, your home stays naturally cool! The key is in the paint’s materials. Traditional paints often come in dark colors that hold heat. But the cool paint uses special colorful powders. These materials are made to reflect infrared radiation—the part of sunlight that makes things feel hot. Some types of the paint even have a shiny surface, like a thin piece of glass, to help reflect more light. The cool paint matters for two main reasons. First, when homes stay cool naturally, people use less air conditioning. This lowers electricity bills. Second, using less energy helps fight climate change. The cool paint is to make buildings more “eco-friendly” with lower cost. You can put the cool paint on any part of a building that gets sunlight, such as roofs (the best place, as roofs get the most direct sun), outdoor walls and even outdoor chairs. Some cities are already testing the cool paint on public buildings like schools and libraries. In hot countries like India and Saudi Arabia, people use it to keep their homes comfortable. Scientists are still making the cool paint better. Some new kinds can even work at night! They send heat from the building into the sky, making the house cooler after sunset. As more people use the cool paint, it may become a normal part of building design, helping us stay cool and protect the environment at the same time. Next time you see a house with a light-colored roof or shiny walls, it might be using this smart invention. Who would have thought paint could be so “cool”? 1．Why is the cool paint special? A．Because it can reflect the heat. B．Because it has small mirrors. C．Because it can take in sunlight. D．Because it looks really cool. 2．What does the word “eco-friendly” in the fourth paragraph most likely mean? A．Easy to make. B．Good for the environment. C．Not expensive. D．Very colorful. 3．Which example shows the use of the cool paint? A．A company paints the walls with colorful paints. B．A farmer uses a paint that changes colors with weather. C．A city paints bus stops with dark blue paint to take in heat. D．A woman uses shiny paint on her roof to lower temperature. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Save Money with Cool Paint B．A Cool Way to Cool Down Houses C．How to Make Houses Beautiful D．Traditional Paints and Cool Paints 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了一种新型“冷却漆”，说明其通过反射热量使房屋降温的原理、环保节能的优势、应用场景及未来发展，展现了这种发明的实用性与创新性。 1．细节理解题。根据第②段“these particles send the heat back into the air instead of letting it enter the house”可知，冷却漆的特别之处在于能反射热量，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第④段“using less energy helps fight climate change”可知，使用冷却漆能降低能耗、保护环境，因此“eco-friendly”指对环境有益，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第⑤段“put the cool paint on... roofs (the best place, as roofs get the most direct sun)... shiny surface... reflect more light”可知，在屋顶用反光漆降温符合冷却漆的使用场景，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕“冷却漆帮助房屋降温”展开，“A Cool Way to Cool Down Houses”既点明核心发明，又呼应“cool”的双关含义，涵盖全文主旨，故选B。 （E） Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals. According to WMO, temperatures on Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.5℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered suitable for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be a terribly cold place. In fact, the average temperature of its central area is -57℃. Besides, many places are experiencing the bad weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving forest fires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops (庄稼) in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China. “Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.” 1．What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage? A．Hunting. B．Climate change. C．The sea ice loss. D．The Arctic ice melting. 2．What do you think of Antarctica? A．It’s comfortable to live in. B．It’s friendly to live in. C．It’s unhealthy to live in. D．It’s unfit to live in. 3．Which place experienced drought this year in the passage? A．Egypt. B．America. C．South Korea. D．China. 4．What can you get from this passage? A．Antarctica is a good choice for a hiking trip. B．Terrible weather led to wildfires burning in Europe. C．Lots of people lost their lives because of the heat wave. D．The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015. 5．What is the main idea for this passage? A．The whole planet is drier and drier. B．Antarctica is warmer and warmer. C．Climate change is getting worse and worse. D．The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了糟糕的天气事件正在对地球造成危害，专家警告说未来情况会更糟。文中具体阐述了气候变化导致的海冰减少、北极冰融化对北极熊和海豹数量的影响，南极洲气温上升的情况，以及今年许多地方经历的恶劣天气，如澳大利亚的干旱、欧洲的干旱、美国得克萨斯州的干旱和中国的洪水等。最后还提到气候变化对人类健康造成的直接问题，如热浪导致大量人员死亡、空气污染、疾病和缺乏清洁水等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.”可知，气候变化导致的海冰减少和北极冰融化使北极熊和海豹的数量下降，而北极熊依靠海冰捕猎海豹，文中并未提及捕猎行为本身导致北极熊数量下降，所以A选项“捕猎”不是导致北极熊数量下降的原因。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be a terribly cold place. In fact, the average temperature of its central area is -57℃.”可知，南极洲是地球上最不适宜居住的地方，因为它非常寒冷，中央地区的平均气温是 -57℃，所以可以推断出南极洲不适合居住。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years”可知，今年美国得克萨斯州西部经历了70多年来最严重的干旱。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there”可知，2003年欧洲因热浪导致3万到5万人死亡，所以可以得出很多人因为热浪失去了生命。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。文章开头“Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come.”就点明了主题，即糟糕的天气事件正在对地球造成危害，专家警告未来情况会更糟，接着文章具体阐述了气候变化带来的各种影响，所以文章的主旨是气候变化越来越严重。故选C。 （F） Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old girl asked Alexa to get them. Alexa wasn’t her mom or sister. It was a voice-activated home assistant (语音助手) powered by artificial intelligence (AI). Alexa quickly made Brooke’s wishes come true. A few days later, much to her parents’ surprise, a $170 dollhouse and four pounds of cookies arrived at their house. (They ate the cookies and donated the dollhouse to a local hospital.) And that’s not the end of the story. When a news reporter told the story of what happened on TV, Alexa devices in many listeners’ homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses! Alexa isn’t the only AI ready to order up gifts for you. Apple Home Pod has Siri, and Google Home has its Assistant. People who own these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting times. According to a report from The Information, voice shopping is not very common yet. People who do it mainly order simple things like paper towels. But many experts predict a boom (暴涨) in voice shopping in the near future. Is that a good thing? Convenience is the main advantage of voice shopping. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you’re cooking, cleaning, or driving. In addition, people with disabilities who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without others’ help. But voice shopping has its downsides. Unwanted dollhouses aren’t the biggest problem. It’s usually very easy to cancel an order or return items. The thing is that they are always there to listen for “Alexa” or “OK Google”. When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people’s shopping habits? And what if someone hacks (侵入) the device? 1．What did Brooke ask Alexa to get for her? A．A pet dog and paper towels. B．A new bicycle and toy bears. C．A video game and a keyboard. D．A dollhouse and sugar cookies. 2．What is the correct order of the following activities? ①Her parents got a surprise package. ②A news reporter told the story of Brooke on TV. ③ Brooke asked Alexa for a dollhouse and cookies. ④Alexa devices in other homes tried to order dollhouses. A．③-①-④-② B．③-①-②-④ C．④-①-③-② D．④-②-③-① 3．What does the underlined word “downsides” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Weaknesses. B．Processes. C．Chances. D．Secrets. 4．What do some people worry about the most regarding voice-activated assistants? A．They will buy many unwanted things. B．The recordings would be used improperly. C．They cannot be used to make phone calls. D．They are not good at understanding orders. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了6岁孩子布鲁克通过语音助手Alexa下单玩偶屋和饼干的趣事，介绍了语音购物的实际案例，进而分析了语音购物的当前应用、便捷性优势，以及录音隐私、设备安全等潜在隐患。 1．细节理解题。根据“Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old girl asked Alexa to get them.”可知，布鲁克让Alexa帮她买的是玩偶屋和糖饼干。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old girl asked Alexa to get them.”可知，布鲁克让Alexa帮她买一个玩偶屋和糖饼干，对应事件③；根据“A few days later, much to her parents’ surprise, a $170 dollhouse and four pounds of cookies arrived at their house.”可知，几天过后，布鲁克的父母收到一个意外包裹，对应事件①；根据“when a news reporter told the story of what happened on TV”可知，后来一位新闻记者在电视上讲述了布鲁克的故事，对应事件②；根据“Alexa devices in many listeners’ homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses”可知，最后其他家庭的Alexa设备试图订购玩偶屋，对应事件④。所以事件顺序为：③-①-②-④。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文中提到“But voice shopping has its downsides.”及后文提到的一些问题可知，此处“downsides”指“弱点或不利之处”，选项A“弱点、缺陷”与该含义一致。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people’s shopping habits? And what if someone hacks (侵入) the device?”可知，人们最担心的是语音助手的录音被不当使用。故选B。 （G） Seagrass, an underwater plant that grows on the ocean floor, is very important for sea life. It also helps prevent global (全球的) warming by storing carbon (碳), a harmful gas. However, scientists don’t know exactly how much seagrass is at the bottom of the ocean. With the help of tiger sharks, a team of researchers has discovered the world’s largest seagrass meadow on the seafloor near the Bahamas. Seagrass meadows are home to many different kinds of fish, shellfish, and so on. Large sea animals, such as sharks, also spend a lot of time there looking for food. Seagrass can grow in very deep and dark waters, making it difficult to find. But sharks can dive (潜水) deep into the water and get to the areas people cannot reach. After noticing tiger sharks swimming through seagrass off the Bahamas, an American scientist worked with a seagrass expert, trying to map the locations (位置) of the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras. Since tiger sharks swim in groups, they placed satellite tracking tags (卫星跟踪器) on eight other sharks to find out exactly where the animals swam. They collected hours of videos of the tiger sharks swimming through seagrass. The researchers found more seagrass growing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe that there is more seagrass there than anywhere else on Earth. The new finding increased the total number of seagrass known to exist by 41%. However, more research is needed to discover the true size of the seagrass meadow. Scientists often depend on findings from divers and boats to study about the underwater world, but this team found that working with animals improved their understanding. They are now placing cameras on sea turtles to study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hopefully, more mysteries about seagrass will be solved. 1．What are the scientists studying according to the text? A．Seagrass. B．The Bahamas. C．Sharks. D．Cameras. 2．Researchers used tiger sharks to study seagrass because they could ________. A．make videos of fish B．eat seagrass as their main food C．storing harmful carbon D．dive deep into the waters near the seagrass 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The reason for the study. B．The finding of the research. C．The way to do the research. D．The difficulty in carrying out the study. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell the importance of saving seagrass. B．To express the strong love for tiger sharks. C．To share a new way of doing undersea research. D．To introduce a special project on global warming. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了研究人员借助虎鲨，在巴哈马附近海域发现了全球最大的海草床，这一发现使已知海草总量增加了 41%，同时启发科学家利用其他海洋动物进一步探索海草的奥秘。 1．细节理解题。根据“Seagrass, an underwater plant that grows on the ocean floor, is very important for sea life…With the help of tiger sharks, a team of researchers has discovered the world’s largest seagrass meadow…”可知，科学家们研究的是海草。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“But sharks can dive (潜水) deep into the water and get to the areas people cannot reach.”可知，研究人员利用虎鲨研究海草是因为虎鲨能潜入海草附近的深水区。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The researchers found more seagrass growing near the Bahamas than they expected…The new finding increased the total number of seagrass known to exist by 41%.”可知，第四段主要介绍了这项研究的发现结果。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Scientists often depend on findings from divers and boats to study about the underwater world, but this team found that working with animals improved their understanding.”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了分享一种新的海底研究方法。故选C。 （H） Cesare recently graduated with excellent grades. However, he was more excited about the success he had last year. Cesare grew up in Italy, but for the past two years, he has been attending a high school in England. In school, he was allowed to choose an extra area of study. After seeing a video about someone building a nuclear fusion reactor (核聚变反应堆), Cesare wanted to build one, too. 1 But Cesare worked to persuade (说服) his teachers. Finally, the school agreed. To Cesare’s surprise, his regular classes weren’t teaching him how to build a fusion reactor. 2 He also looked up information on the Internet and watched relevant videos. Step by step, working long hours with his physics teacher and his advisor, Cesare built the reactor. 3 One important step in building a fusion reactor is to “achieve plasma (产生等离子体)”, but Cesare was never able to do so. It was later discovered that a special piece of metal didn’t fit well in the device, which caused it to keep leaking (渗漏). 4 The team was almost ready to give up. But the next time, the reactor worked, creating plasma. Cesare could hardly believe his eyes. Cesare is one of the youngest students to have built such an advanced fusion reactor. But for Cesare, it wasn’t just about the reactor. 5 . College is the next stop for Cesare. No matter where he goes, he’ll probably continue to change people’s ideas about how much young people can achieve. A．They failed four times. B．To learn this, he spent many hours doing research. C．Last June, the reactor was finished. D．It was also about learning by doing. E．Both of his parents are experts in chemistry. F．The school wasn’t so excited about the idea. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文讲述了意大利学生Cesare在英国高中期间，克服困难成功建造核聚变反应堆的故事。 1．根据上文“Cesare wanted to build one, too”及下文“But Cesare worked to persuade his teachers”可知，此处应说明学校对他这个想法的反应。F选项“学校对这个想法并不那么支持”可引出下文的劝说过程。故选F。 2．根据上文“his regular classes weren’t teaching him how to build a fusion reactor”可知，此处应说明他如何学习相关知识。B选项“为了学习这个，他花了很多时间做研究”符合语境，与下文的“He also looked up information...”衔接自然。故选B。 3．根据上文“Cesare built the reactor”及下文“One important step...was to ‘achieve plasma’”可知，此处应说明反应堆的完成情况。C选项“去年六月，反应堆完成了”可引出后续实现等离子体的挑战。故选C。 4．根据上文“a special piece of metal didn’t fit well...which caused it to keep leaking”及下文“The team was almost ready to give up”可知，此处应说明因此导致的失败尝试。A选项“他们失败了四次”符合语境，解释了问题带来的挫折。故选A。 5．根据上文“it wasn’t just about the reactor”及下文“College is the next stop for Cesare”可知，此处应补充他从中获得的更深层收获。D选项“这也是关于在实践中学习”能总结他的成长体验，与全文主题呼应。故选D。 （I） Science in the Movies What do movie makers do when they want to know what a black hole looks like? “Quick, get me a scientist!” Mika McKinnon is a geologist and physicist in Canada. 1 We asked her some questions about her job. How did you get interested in science? I watched too much Star Trek as a kid. 2 When I asked my mom why the sky was blue, she would make me research it and actually learn the answers. So I learnt that science is something you can study anywhere, any time. 3 A movie company came to my university looking for a “string theorist” (a kind of atom scientist). I figured they were saying “string theorist” because that was the smartest scientist they could think of. I said, you don’t need a string theorist, you need me! So I went to work. What do you do at work? I first worked on the TV show Stargate, in the prop department, which is in charge of anything an actor touches. They would lend me out to people decorating sets and doing special effects, the writers’ room, and anybody who wanted to ask a scientist questions. 4 Most science fiction is about “what if” questions. What if the speed of light were different? What if we had a colony on Mars? What if we could travel to another solar system in the blink of an eye? I realized how useful it was for storytellers to be able to ask all those what-ifs and actually get answers. Why does it matter to get the science right in a made-up story? That was one of my first questions too. One of the writers told me that by getting things right when you can, you get everyone to believe in your world and your story. 5 I also think real science is often more interesting than fiction. There are so many things in this world that are stranger and more unusual than we imagine. So telling the truth can actually be a way of stretching belief. A．I am a huge fan of science fiction. B．There’s a lot of science behind movies. C．How did you start working in the movies? D．She also works as a science adviser to Hollywood. E．It allows storytellers to have more surprising plots. F．Then I worked with a movie company to create story ideas. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文主要通过采访加拿大地质学家兼物理学家米卡·麦金农，探讨了科学在电影创作中的作用。 1．根据“Mika McKinnon is a geologist and physicist in Canada.”以及“We asked her some questions about her job.”可知，此处需介绍她与好莱坞电影行业的关联。选项D“她同时也是好莱坞的科学顾问。”符合语境，解释了为何她能回答关于电影科学的问题。故选D。 2．根据“How did you get interested in science?”以及后文提到童年观看《星际迷航》的经历，可知此处应解释兴趣来源。选项A“我是科幻小说的超级粉丝。”符合语境，能自然承接对科幻的热爱如何引发科学兴趣。故选A。 3．根据“A movie company came to my university...”可知，此处应引出她开始参与电影工作的经历。选项C“你是如何开始电影工作的？”符合语境，可以引出下文。故选C。 4．根据“I first worked on the TV show Stargate…”以及“Most science fiction is about “what if” questions.”可知，此处应继续说明她在电影领域的发展。选项F“后来我与一家电影公司合作，创作故事构思。”能衔接上下文，引出后续对科幻问题的探讨。故选F。 5．根据“…by getting things right when you can, you get everyone to believe in your world and your story.”可知，此处需进一步说明科学准确性的价值。选项E“这让讲故事的人能构思更令人惊讶的情节。”与后文“真实科学比虚构更有趣”形成递进，符合语境。故选E。 05话题语法填空 （A） An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at night may mean that there 1 (be) clear skies to the west. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already 2 (pass), so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In 3 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. 4 today, scientific instruments are used to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. 5 (lucky), most of us can simply look at our smartphone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. Two basic 6 (rule) are used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves 7 west to east, and low air pressure usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows (彩虹) appear in the west at sunrise, rain is on the way. Smell the flowers —their smells are much 8 (strong) in wet air. Are the birds 9 (fly) low or high? Falling air pressure may affect 10 (they) ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 【答案】 1．are 2．passed 3．the 4．But 5．Luckily 6．rules 7．from 8．stronger 9．flying 10．their 【导语】本文主要讲了古老天气谚语是准确的，天气预报从古靠自然迹象发展到今靠科技，还可通过自然现象判断天气。 1．句意：夜晚出现红色天空可能意味着西方会是晴朗的天气。根据“clear skies”可知，there be句型中be动词需与后面的名词保持主谓一致，时态为一般现在时，该名词为复数形式。故填are。 2．句意：日出时出现红色天空通常意味着晴朗天气已经过去，暴风雨可能即将来临。根据“has already”可知，此处为现在完成时结构，需填动词的过去分词形式。故填passed。 3．句意：在公元前5世纪，希腊人会向水手们发布天气预报。根据“5th century BC”可知，序数词前需要加定冠词the来表示特指。故填the。 4．句意：他们曾用自然迹象预报天气，但如今人们会用科学仪器研究全球的天气状况并进行预报。根据“They used signs in nature to forecast the weather”和“scientific instruments are used to study weather conditions”可知，前后两句存在转折关系，句首首字母大写。故填But。 5．句意：幸运的是，我们大多数人只需查看手机或打开电视就能知道未来的天气情况。根据“most of us can simply look at our smartphone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming”可知，此处需要副词来修饰整个句子，表达“幸运地”含义，句首首字母大写。故填Luckily。 6．句意：两条基本规则被用于天气预报：天气通常从西向东移动，而低气压通常意味着会下雨或下雪。根据“Two basic”可知，数量词后接可数名词时，该名词需用复数形式。故填rules。 7．句意：两条基本规则被用于天气预报：天气通常从西向东移动，而低气压通常意味着会下雨或下雪。根据“west to east”可知，此处需要用介词from构成“from...to...”的固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。故填from。 8．句意：在潮湿的空气中，花香会浓郁得多。根据“much”可知，程度副词much用于修饰形容词的比较级形式。故填stronger。 9．句意：鸟儿正在低空飞行还是高空飞行？根据句首的“Are”可知，本句为现在进行时结构，需填动词的现在分词形式。故填flying。 10．句意：气压下降可能会影响它们的耳朵。根据“ears”可知，they需转换为形容词性物主代词their修饰名词ears。故填their。 （B） Do you use an envelope (信封) these days? It 1 (design) to protect letters. But do you know when and where the envelope first 2 (appear)? The history of envelopes is probably 3 (long) than you think. In ancient China, it was used 4 (protect) royal messages. However, the early envelope was nothing like what we use today. It was made 5 clay and looked like a ball. To read the message, one had to break the “envelope”. The 6 (one) paper envelope appeared around 200 BC． It was also invented by the Chinese. However, at the beginning, people used it only to send money to each other as gifts. It was not until around the seventh century that it was used for 7 (send) messages. The envelope was made completely by hand, and it was very expensive. In the 19th century, printing methods improved 8 (great). In 1853, an American 9 (invent) Russell Hawes, invented an envelope maker. The machine could produce about 12,500 envelopes every day. With these improvements, the cost of envelopes went down. Today, e-mails have become more popular than handwritten letters. 10 , billions of envelopes are still used around the world every year. They are still part of modern life. 【答案】 1．is designed 2．appeared 3．longer 4．to protect 5．of 6．first 7．sending 8．greatly 9．inventor 10．However 【导语】本文主要介绍了信封的起源、发展以及在现代生活中的使用情况。 1．句意：它是用来保护信件的。主语It与动词design之间是被动关系，句子是一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态is designed。故填is designed。 2．句意：但是你知道信封最早是在何时何地出现的吗？根据语境可知，信封的出现是过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式appeared。故填appeared。 3．句意：信封的历史可能比你想象的要长。根据than可知，此处用形容词long的比较级longer。故填longer。 4．句意：在古代中国，它被用来保护皇家消息。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”，所以空处用动词不定式to protect。故填to protect。 5．句意：它是用粘土做的，看起来像一个球。be made of“由……制成”，固定短语，故此处用介词of。故填of。 6．句意：第一个纸质信封出现在公元前200年左右。根据“paper envelope”可知，此处指第一个纸质信封，用序数词first表示“第一”。故填first。 7．句意：直到大约7世纪，它才被用来发送消息。for是介词，后接动名词sending作宾语。故填sending。 8．句意：在19世纪，印刷方法有了很大的改进。修饰动词improved用副词greatly“大大地”。故填greatly。 9．句意：1853年，美国发明家Russell Hawes发明了一种信封制造机。根据“Russell Hawes”可知，此处指一个人，用名词inventor“发明家”，由an可知，用其单数形式。故填inventor。 10．句意：然而，每年仍有数十亿个信封在世界各地使用。根据“e-mails have become more popular than handwritten letters...billions of envelopes are still used around the world every year”可知，前后两句是转折关系，且空后有逗号，用however“然而”表示转折，句首首字母大写。故填However。 （C） We can see bottles almost everywhere. Can you imagine they can be sent into the sky? A science teacher and his students made a rocket with bottles and launched (发射) it 1 (success). The teacher is called Wang Yin. He said that the school’s learning theme (主题) of this year was 2 space and humans. To let students experience the launching process of spacecraft, Wang decided to help his students make a water rocket. The water rocket is 3 (push) by air and water. It isn’t a new idea, but what Wang wanted to make was a two-stage rocket. It wasn’t 4 easy job for the students. But they showed great interest and did all the work with 5 (excited). They continued with the project even after they had failed many 6 (time). On December 17th, 2023, Wang and his students made it. Their rocket 7 (rise) to a height (高度) of over one hundred meters. Later that day, Wang posted a video about the launch online. In just half a day, over 13 million people watched it. They all spoke highly of 8 he did. Wang said, “My students are crazy about it. It’s really 9 (mean)”. He hoped he could help develop students’ interest in science and 10 (invent) instead of simply teaching them knowledge. 【答案】 1．successfully 2．about 3．pushed 4．an 5．excitement 6．times 7．rose 8．what 9．meaningful 10．inventions 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学老师王寅带领学生利用废弃瓶子制作并成功发射水火箭的故事，旨在培养学生对科学和发明的兴趣。 1．句意：一位科学老师和他的学生用瓶子做了一枚火箭，并且成功发射了它。根据“launched (发射) it…”可知，此处修饰动词launched，应用副词形式。success是名词，其副词形式为successfully，意为“成功地”。故填successfully。 2．句意：他表示，学校今年的学习主题是关于太空与人类的。根据“theme (主题)…space and humans”可知，此处表示关于某方面的主题，应用介词about，意为“关于”。故填about。 3．句意：这枚水火箭是靠空气和水推进的。根据“is…by air and water”可知，此处是被动语态“be done by”，表示“被……推动”。push的过去分词是pushed。故填pushed。 4．句意：对学生们来说，这可不是件容易的事。根据“easy job”可知，job是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指。easy的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 5．句意：但他们表现出了极大的兴趣，满怀兴奋地完成了所有工作。根据“with”可知，介词后接名词构成介词短语作状语。excited是形容词，其名词形式是excitement，意为“兴奋”。with excitement意为“兴奋地”。故填excitement。 6．句意：即便失败了很多次，他们还是继续推进这个项目。根据“many”可知，后接可数名词复数。time在此处意为“次数”，是可数名词，复数形式为times。故填times。 7．句意：他们的火箭升到了一百多米的高度。根据“On December 17th, 2023”可知，事情发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时。rise的过去式是rose。故填rose。 8．句意：大家都对他所做的事赞不绝口。根据“spoke highly of…he did”可知，of后接宾语从句，从句中did缺少宾语，且指代“所做的事情”，应用what引导。故填what。 9．句意：“这真的很有意义。”  根据“It’s really”可知，系动词is后接形容词作表语。mean是动词，其形容词形式meaningful意为“有意义的”。故填meaningful。 10．句意：他希望自己能帮助培养学生们对科学和发明的兴趣，而不只是单纯地教给他们知识。 根据“interest in science and”可知，and连接并列成分，science是名词，此处也应填名词形式。invent是动词，其名词形式invention意为“发明”。这里是泛指“发明（这类事物）”，所以用复数形式inventions。故填inventions。 （D） The Xuelong-2 is China’s first domestically-built (本国建造的) icebreaker. It is very important. It 1 (build) in 2017. It began to be used in 2019. It helps us learn more about the polar regions. The 41st Antarctic expedition (南极考察) started in November, 2024. Recently, the Xuelong-2 icebreaker 2 (reach) the Antarctic ice sheet. It is busy 3 (break) ice. It is also guiding the Xuelong to Zhongshan Station. This icebreaker is 4 (exact) designed for polar work. It is 122.5 meters long and 22.32 meters wide. When it breaks ice, it can break ice 5 is 1.5 meters thick with 0.2 meters of snow on it. The Xuelong-2 is special. It can break ice with both the front and the back. The front of the ship is like a knife for ice. It can break ice well. 6 the ice is too thick, it can move back a little and then go forward fast to break the ice. The back of the ship is much 7 (strong). It has a nice shape. The two propellers (螺旋桨) can break the ice under the water and move the broken ice away. The Xuelong-2 has good scientific research things on it. It is like 8 moving research place. Scientists on the ship can study many things about the polar environment, such as ocean currents, weather 9 (change) and different animals and plants. It provides them 10 a good platform for collecting important data and samples. 【答案】 1．was built 2．has reached 3．breaking 4．exactly 5．that/which 6．If 7．stronger 8．a 9．changes 10．with 【导语】本文围绕中国首艘自主建造的破冰船“雪龙 2 号”展开。 1．句意：它于2017年建造。根据“in 2017”可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语it与build之间是被动关系，故使用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was built。 2．句意：最近，“雪龙2号”破冰船抵达南极冰盖。根据“Recently”可知，此处使用现在完成时（have/has done），主语“the Xuelong-2 icebreaker”为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has reached。 3．句意：它正忙着破冰。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，使用动名词breaking作宾语。故填breaking。 4．句意：这艘破冰船是专门为极地工作设计的。此处使用副词exactly“确切地，专门地”，修饰动词designed。故填exactly。 5．句意：当它破冰时，它可以破1.5米厚、上面覆盖着0.2米雪的冰。此处是定语从句，先行词ice是物，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 6．句意：如果冰太厚，它可以向后移动一点，然后快速向前移动以破冰。根据“...the ice is too thick, it can move back a little and then go forward fast to break the ice.”可知，此处表示条件，使用if引导条件状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填If。 7．句意：船的后部要坚固得多。根据“much”可知，此处使用形容词strong的比较级stronger。故填stronger。 8．句意：它就像一个移动的研究场所。根据“moving research place”可知，此处表示泛指，moving以辅音音素开头，使用不定冠词a。故填a。 9．句意：船上的科学家可以研究极地环境的许多方面，如洋流、天气变化和不同的动植物。根据“weather...”可知，此处使用名词change“变化”，此处表示多种变化，使用复数形式。故填changes。 10．句意：它为他们提供了一个收集重要数据和样本的良好平台。provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”。故填with。 06话题书面表达 （A） 随着AI的普及，越来越多青少年在学习中使用AI，其中，利用AI工具完成学习任务十分普遍。有人认为它能节省时间、提高学习效率；也有人担忧其削弱独立思考能力、限制创造力。English Spot针对初中生使用AI完成学习任务展开了一个调查，调查结果显示： Should Students be allowed to use AI to help learning? 请根据以上调查结果，撰写一篇题目为“Should students be allowed to use AI to help learning?”的英语短文。 内容要点： 2. 提出自己的观点：你是否赞成使用AI工具帮助学习？ 3. 阐述赞成或者不赞成的理由（至少3点），并举例说明； 4. 给同学们使用AI辅助工具的可操作的建议。 注意： 5. 语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范； 6. 必须包含所给提示，可适当发挥； 7. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名； 8. 词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Should Students be allowed to use AI to help learning? Recently, English Spot surveyed some teenagers on using AI. 53% of the interviewees agree to use AI, while 47% of them disagree. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Should students be allowed to use AI to help learning? Recently, English Spots surveyed some teenagers on using AI. 53% of the interviewees agree to use AI, while 47% of them disagree. On the one hand, AI is like a smarter helper. It can offer answers quickly, collect different ideas, and even correct mistakes. For example, when we face problems in study, it can show us clearer learning steps. On the other hand, relying too much on AI can be harmful. AI will become a tool for cheating, which may get in the way of thinking independently. Besides, it might give wrong information. AI cannot replace us, but we can benefit a lot from using AI as long as we use it in a right way. So we should make good use of it while using our own brains to think and learn. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：主要为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作提示已给出，可适当增加细节，不要遗漏，注意上下文的逻辑关系。 [写作步骤] 第一步，指出AI的好处； 第二步，指出AI的弊端； 第三步，阐述自己的看法，应辩证地看待AI。 [亮点词汇] ①on the other hand另一方面 ②instead of而不是 ③in my opinion在我看来 [高分句型] ①For example, when we face problems in study, it can show us clearer learning steps.(when引导的时间状语从句) ②AI will become a tool for cheating, which may get in the way of thinking independently.(which引导的非限制性定语从句) （B） 你校英语俱乐部将举办以“Great changes in communication”为题的征文活动。请你结合图示信息，根据写作要求，写一篇应征稿描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。 要求：(1)词数不少于80词，应征稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数;             (2)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 参考词汇：receive 收到 Great changes in communication With the rapid development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in the way people communicate with each other. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Great changes in communication With the rapid development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in the way people communicate with each other. People used to write letters or use the public telephones to communicate with people far away. But now everyone has their own mobile phone. People can communicate with each other anywhere and anytime. They send and receive e-mails by the Internet. They send and receive messages on QQ or WeChat. It used to take several days or weeks to hear from each other, but now it takes only several seconds, even if they’re in different countries.       In a word, people have an easier life nowadays with the development of communication. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文为一篇材料作文； ②时态：以一般现在时为主； ③提示：根据图片信息完成写作，注意语句通顺。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题，人们的沟通方式发生了巨大变化； 第二步，对比论证，先写过去的沟通方式，再写现在的沟通方式，最后谈影响； 第三步，总结升华。 [亮点词汇] ①take place 发生 ②receive 收到 ③hear from 收到……的来信 [高分句型] ①It used to take several days or weeks to hear from each other, but now it takes only several seconds, even if they’re in different countries. (让步状语从句) $