Unit 8 Green Living (知识清单) 英语北师大版必修第三册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Green Living”单元内容，涵盖单词、短语、熟词生义、句型、v.-ing和v.-ed形式语法及调查报告写作指导，构建了从基础语言要素积累到综合语用能力提升的学习支架。 清单通过“熟词生义对比”“真题语法验证”“写作分步示例”等特色设计呈现知识体系，如“shoot”标注“射击”与“拍摄”双义，语法模块嵌入2023全国甲卷真题实例并配“练练不忘”练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。“佳句背诵”和“写作常用句式”助力不同学生高效掌握，为教师教学设计提供精准支持。

Unit 8 Green Living 单词 1.desert n.沙漠 2.transport n.交通运输系统，运输方式 3.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 4.flat n.一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的 5.root n.树根 6.shoot n.芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射中；射击 7.firm adj.坚实的；稳固的 8.poster n.海报 9.founder n.创办人，创始者 10.profit n.盈利，利润 11.region n.地区，区域 12.rate n.比率，率 13.overcome vt.克服（困难）；控制（感情） 14.former adj.以前的，从前的 15.current adj.当前的，现时的 16.ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 17.parking n.（车辆等的）停放 18.therefore adv.因此；由此 19.path n.小径，小道 20.official n.官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的 21.attitude n.看法；态度 22.honey n.蜂蜜 23.butter n.黄油，牛油 24.sum vt.概括，总结 短语 1.do my part for sth.尽自己所能做某事 2.can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 3.take action采取行动 4.set up建立 5.in addition to除……以外（还） 6.live together in peace with nature与自然和平相处 7.all around the world全世界 8.blow away吹走 9.bring...to an end使……结束 10.work through调整（情绪） 11.make sb.'s dream come true（使）某人梦想成真 12.be referred to as...被称为…… 13.come up with想出，想到 14.thanks to多亏 15.take part （in）参加 16.cut back on削减，缩减 17.to sum up总之 18.make the best of充分利用 19.contribute to有助于；导致 熟词生义 1. flood 常见词义：n. 洪水；水灾 / v. 淹没 熟词生义：n. 大量，大批（指人或物大量涌来） 2. root 常见词义：n. 根，根部 熟词生义：n. 根源；本源（常指文化、传统、问题的起源） 3. shoot 常见词义：v. 射击；开枪 熟词生义：v. 拍摄（照片或电影） 4. determine 常见词义：v. 查明；确定；决心 熟词生义：v. 决定；支配（指某种因素起决定性影响） 5. involve 常见词义：v. 牵涉，卷入；包含 熟词生义：v. 需要；使成为必要部分（指某事物必然包含某种要素或条件） 6. battery 常见词义：n. 电池 熟词生义：n. 一连串，一系列（指成套的工具、测试、问题等） 句型 1.Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”.（what引导名词性从句） 很多人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。 2.They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.（it作形式主语） 他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。 3.People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey， so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.（so that引导目的状语从句） 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能够从那里骑走它并继续使用。 4.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy， reduce air and noise pollution， and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.（动词不定式作状语） 本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。 5.To sum up， it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.（it seems/seemed that...） 总而言之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。 6.Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills.（even if/though引导让步状语从句） 尽管这个国家（瑞典）每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场。 语法 v.-ing和v.-ed形式 一、词汇清单 知识点1 balance n.平衡；天平；余额 vt.平衡；权衡；使相等 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages. ② A healthy lifestyle is generally a balanced（balance） life in which you make wise choices. ③ I stepped on a banana skin, lost my balance（失去平衡） and fell flat on the ground. Passers-by saw me and helped me up immediately.［读后续写之动作描写］ ④ 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。所以我建议你应该在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. So I suggest you should keep a balance between your study and entertainment  .［应用文写作之建议信］ 【拓展】 （1）keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B在A与B之间保持平衡 （2）balance...against... 权衡/比较……与…… （3）balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 ［佳句背诵］What I want to stress to you is that you should keep a balance between work and relaxation. In addition，regular exercise and a balanced diet are beneficial to your health.［应用文写作之建议信］ 我想向你强调的是，你应该在工作和放松之间保持平衡。此外，有规律的运动和均衡的饮食对你的健康有益。 知识点2 shoot n.芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v.射击；射中；拍摄 [先练会]——单句语法填空/同义替换 ① It is reported that supermarkets are shooting up all over the area. ② If I had the chance to go, I'd take it like a shot. ③ Just now，the solider shot at the target， but didn't make it. →Just now， the solider took a shot at the target， but didn't make it. 【拓展】 （1）shoot at... 朝……射击；向……开枪 shoot up激增；迅速长高 shoot out射出；抽出；伸出 （2）shot n.射击；投球；尝试 like a shot立即；飞快地 take a shot at...朝……射击 ［佳句背诵］One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. 他又看了一眼，注意到有火焰从那辆被毁的汽车下面喷出来。 知识点3 bother vi.& vt. 费心，麻烦 n. 烦扰；麻烦；困难；麻烦的事；讨厌的人 [先练会]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ① [2024·浙江卷1月]For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother  to take/taking（take） a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. ② I used to bother you with   many things, and you always tried your best to help me out of difficulties.［应用文写作之感谢信］ ③ 让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。 →It bothered me that we couldn't find our way back， but my father told me not to lose heart.（it作形式主语） →What bothered me was that we couldn't find our way back ， but my father told me not to lose heart.（主语从句） 【拓展】 （1）bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 bother about/with sth.为某事花费时间或精力 can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事 bother sb. about/with sth.因某事使某人烦恼；为某事打扰/麻烦某人 It bothers sb. that.../to do sth.……/做某事使某人苦恼 （2）have bother （in） doing sth.做某事费劲 ［佳句背诵］I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping it won't bother you much.［应用文写作之求助信］ 我确实需要你宝贵的建议,希望这不会给你造成太多麻烦。 知识点4 involve v.参与；包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；使参加（卷入）…… [先练会]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ① The teacher encouraged students' active involvement（involve） in the physical activities. ② I participated in the activity where my work involved caring  （care） for the elderly and providing（provide） them with assistance and companionship.［应用文写作之活动介绍］ ③ Students should take an active part in community activities where they can gain experience for growth and develop important skills. →Students should involve themselves actively in/get actively involved in  community activities where they can gain experience for growth and develop important skills. 【拓展】 （1）involve （doing） sth. 包含；需要（做）某事 involve oneself in参加…… （2）be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于…… （3）involvement n.参与；投入；牵连 ［佳句背诵］It's essential that we get involved in one sport or another to develop a hobby or our social skills.［应用文写作之倡议书］ 我们有必要参与一项或另一项运动来培养爱好或社交技能。 知识点5 container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① [2023·全国甲卷]It was a neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing（contain） some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. ② When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers（contain）. ③ 当孩子们看到惊喜生日蛋糕时，他们很难控制住自己。 It was difficult for the children to contain themselves when they saw the surprise birthday cake. 【拓展】 contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳；克制；控制 contain oneself克制自己 ［佳句背诵］（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个区域。 知识点6 majority n.大多数；多数；多数党；多数派 [先练会]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ① Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. ② When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in Comparative Literature. ③ Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority. ④ Most students in the class agreed that the new teaching method was effective, leading the professor to continue using it for future lessons. →The majority of   students in the class agreed that the new teaching method was effective, leading the professor to continue using it for future lessons. 【拓展】 （1）the majority of...大多数…… in the majority占多数 （2）major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；专业 major in...主修……；以……为专业 （3）minority n.少数 in the minority占少数 ［佳句背诵］In our community, those who prefer traditional books over e-books are in the minority, reflecting a broader trend towards digital reading. 在我们的社区中，那些更喜欢传统书籍而非电子书的人占少数，这反映了向数字阅读转变的一种更广泛的趋势。 知识点7 sum n.总和；总数；金额 v.概括；总结 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① The speech you delivered just now accurately summed up the present situation  （概括现状） of our project's progress and highlighted the key challenges we are facing. ② The old man donated a large sum of money  （一大笔钱） to a charity, which was committed to providing education for poor children. ③ 总之，为了保持身体健康，你必须有规律地锻炼，同时还要保持合理的饮食并获得充足的睡眠。 To sum up, for a healthy body， you must take regular exercise, along with maintaining a proper diet and getting enough sleep. 【拓展】 （1）a large/small sum of 大量的/少量的 in sum总而言之 （2）sum to共计 sum up总结；概括 to sum up总之 ［佳句背诵］ It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 重要的是要记住成功是每天付出的小小努力的总和。 知识点8 do my part for sth. 尽自己所能做某事 [先练会]——单句语法填空/同义替换 ① What we can infer about the audience is that they are sad to part with   the old theater. ② This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. ③ Everyone should do his part for our country to become better. ④ In my opinion， I found the meeting on how to reduce our carbon footprints most fruitful. →For my part  ， I found the meeting on how to reduce our carbon footprints most fruitful. 【拓展】 （1）part n.部分；成员；成分；地区；角色 v.分别；分开 （2）play a part in在……起作用；在……扮演角色 take part in参加 for one's part就某人而言 for the most part多半；通常 in part部分地；在某种程度上 （3）part with放弃；交出 part from与……分离 ［佳句背诵］Everyone should play a part in the environmental protection campaign and say no to environmental pollution. 每一个人都应该参与这个环境保护运动并对环境污染说不。 知识点9 take action 采取行动 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWⅡ, was killed in action in Europe. ② Though under great pressure from work， we should take measures（measure） to balance our work and family. ③ 由于膝盖损伤严重，他已经6个月不能工作了。 He's been out of action for 6 months with a serious knee injury. 【拓展】 （1）take steps/measures 采取措施 （2）in action在活动中；在运转 out of action失去作用；不能工作 put/bring...in/into action实行……；实施…… come into action开始行动 ［佳句背诵］The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis. 新的交通管制方案正在试验实施。［应用文写作之新闻报道］ 知识点10 work through 调整（情绪） [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① I shall work on that project from next week， and being a professional person， could you help me?［应用文写作之求助信］ ② It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. ③ When we fail in performing on the stage， what we should do first is working through   our regret. ④ 正如你所知道的，自从1998年以来我一直从事教师工作。 As you know，I have been working as a teacher since 1998.［应用文写作之人物介绍］ 【拓展】 （1）work on致力于……；对……起作用；继续工作；从事于…… work out解决；算出；制定出；锻炼 work as...从事……工作 （2）in work有工作 out of work无工作/失业 at work在工作 ［佳句背诵］Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. 如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，事情就会好转。 知识点11 come up with 想出，想到 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① [2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can come up with. ② [2024·全国甲卷]They are treasures of American heritage （遗产）.How did the national park system come about  ? ③ At night, the stars come out to tell us that all is well and my village grows quiet. ④ 在那之后，每当我遇到一些不愉快的事情，奶奶的话就会浮现在我的脑海中，使我振作起来。 After that, every time I came across some unpleasant things, my grandma's words would come to my mind and cheer me up.［读后续写之人生感悟］ 【拓展】 come across偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解；被弄懂 come about发生;产生（常与how连用） come out（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；出版，发表 come up走到跟前；被提及（无被动语态） ［佳句背诵］Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity, he poured out all his trouble he came across.［读后续写之情感描写］ 她的热情和真诚深深地鼓舞了他，他倾诉出了他所遇到的所有困难。 ［联想发散］表示“（偶然）遇见”的短语还有bump into、 run across/into、 meet with、 meet...by chance/accident等。 知识点12 cut back on 削减，缩减 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. ② Billions of trees are being cut down   every year to make paper for humans. ③ Another suggestion is that you should cut down on fatty foods and cut sugar out of your diet if you want to lose weight. ④ 当暴风雨导致电力意外中断时，房子陷入了一片漆黑，一家人挤在客厅里。 The house went into total darkness when the electricity was cut off   unexpectedly due to a storm, leaving the family huddled together in the living room.［读后续写之场景描写］ 【拓展】 cut down （on）减少，缩减 cut up切碎；齐根切掉 cut in打断（谈话）；插嘴 cut out剪下；停止；删除，去除 cut off切断；中断（供给或通话）；隔绝 ［佳句背诵］ Many trees are being cut down, many animals are being hunted, and our environment is being destroyed. Shouldn't we take measures to make a difference？［应用文写作之发言稿］ 许多树木正在被砍伐，许多动物正在被猎杀，我们的环境正在被破坏。难道我们不应该采取措施做出改变吗？ 知识点13 what引导名词性从句 [先练会]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ① Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer. ② When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.［应用文写作之建议信］ ③ 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转，这是天文学中一个基本的概念。 →What is known to us all is that the Earth revolves around the Sun, which is a fundamental concept in astronomy. （what引导主语从句） →As is known to us all, the Earth revolves around the Sun, which is a fundamental concept in astronomy. （定语从句） →It is known to us all that the Earth revolves around the Sun, which is a fundamental concept in astronomy. （it作形式主语） 【拓展】 （1）what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、表语和宾语； （2）what引导名词性从句时，可表示“……的事情或东西;……的人或样子;所……的地方等”； （3）that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 ［佳句背诵］ （1）（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写）After what seemed like centuries, I finally saw he showed up with his forehead sweating heavily.［读后续写之细节描写］ 似乎过了几个世纪，我终于看到他出现了，额头上大汗淋漓。 （2）The reason why I regularly read the English newspaper is that it contributes a lot to my progress in English learning. 我经常读英文报的原因是它对我英语学习的进步有很大的帮助。 （3）No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. 没有人确切地知道第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚的。 知识点14 even if/though引导让步状语从句 [先练会]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ① [2024·北京卷]I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun—even if it means（mean） stepping out of my comfort zone. ② Even if she is invited, she won't attend the event because she disagrees with the organization's policies. →Even if invited, she won't attend the event because she disagrees with the organization's policies. （省略句） 【拓展】 （1）even if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使、尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来； （2）even if/though引导的让步状语从句的主语和主句主语相同，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句可采用省略结构。 ［佳句背诵］ （1）Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网总能把我们与那些喜欢做同样事情的人联系起来，即使他们生活在世界的另一端。 （2）A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 即使这对他/她的球队有帮助，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。 二、语法清单 v.-ing和v.-ed形式 【感知·真题验证】 1．[2023 ·全国甲卷]“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, ______________ （borrow） some familiar words from many age-old fables. [答案]borrowing [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。 2．[2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （recall） watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” [答案]Recalling [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词；且主语Edmondson与动词recall之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。 3．[2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]The latest __________________ （engineer） techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. [答案]engineering [解析]考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。 4．[2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _______________（inspire） by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. [答案]inspired 【精讲·语法知识】 一、分词的基本形式 1．现在分词的形式 现在分词形式 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done *The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable. 那场大火持续了近一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。 *Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. 有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。 *Having abused his position as mayor, he is now under investigation. 他滥用市长职务，现在正在接受调查。 *Having been predicted one day ahead, the volcanic eruption didn't kill anyone. 由于提前一天预测，火山爆发没有造成任何人死亡。 2．过去分词的形式 过去分词只有一种形式，即done。 *Encouraged by her mother，the little girl picked herself up and went on running. 在妈妈的鼓励下，小女孩爬起来继续跑。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)He likes eating fried(fry) tomatoes with eggs best, and he learned how to cook last year. (2)Having finished(finish) his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV plays. (3)They represent the earth coming(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (4)Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 二、分词的句法功能 1．分词作定语 现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作(现在分词的完成式一般不作定语)；过去分词作定语表示所修饰的词与分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句。 *There are many students waiting(＝who are waiting) to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。 *I borrowed a book written(＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 [名师点睛] (1)有些过去分词尤其是不及物动词的过去分词，不表示被动，而表示完成，如： boiled water＝water that has boiled开(过的)水 a developed country＝a country which has developed 发达国家 (2)有些过去分词仅表示被动而无完成意义 *He is a respected teacher. 他是一位受人尊敬的老师。 (3)分词作定语的位置 单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况)；分词短语作定语时通常后置，可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的现在分词多数已经形容词化。 *A barking dog seldom bites. 吠犬不咬人。 *Will the people sitting at the back(＝who/that are sitting at the back) keep quiet, please? 坐在后面的人请保持安静，好吗？ (4)英语中有些分词已经形容词化。形容词化的现在分词表示“令人……的；使人……的”；形容词化的过去分词表示“感到……的”。 *I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 我写信是为了告诉你我的令人兴奋的暑假计划。 *She looked at him with an excited expression. 她面带激动的表情望着他。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)When we got a call saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. (2)Technological innovations，combined(combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. (3)The building being built(build) now will be our dining hall. (4)They no longer looked confident.On their faces was a frightened(frighten) expression. 2．分词作状语 分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况。作结果状语时，可以转换为非限制性定语从句或并列分句；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以转换为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以转换为相应的状语从句。 一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。 *Hearing the news(＝When they heard the news)，they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息，他们就立即出发去上海了。 *Frightened by the noise in the night(＝Because she was frightened by the noise in the night)，the little girl didn't dare to sleep in her room. 小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。 *Turning to the left(＝If you turn to the left)，you will find the school. 向左拐，你就会找到那所学校。 *Wounded(＝Though he was wounded)，the brave soldier continued to fight. 尽管受了伤，但这名勇敢的战士仍旧继续战斗。 *Mary sat at the table, writing an article in English(＝and wrote an article in English). 玛丽坐在桌子旁，用英语写文章。 [名师点睛] (1)有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有while、when、once、if、though、although、even if、even though、unless、than、as等。 *Even if invited, I won't attend the evening party. 即使被邀请，我也不会去参加那个晚会。 *While waiting for the bus, he met Mary. 等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。 (2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词作状语时，既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐藏的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿……的)、tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。 *Absorbed in the book, he didn't notice me enter the room. 他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到我进了房间。 (3)分词作状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致， 分词用来修饰全句。如considering(鉴于、考虑到)、generally speaking(一般说来)、judging from/by...(从……来看、依据……来判断)、supposing that...(假定……)、owing to...(由于……)、speaking of...(谈及……)、providing/provided that...(假定……)、given...(考虑到……)等。 *Judging from her accent, she must come from Fujian Province. 从她的口音判断，她肯定来自福建省。 *Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看起来是适合她的工作。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying(say) that I had a talent for football. (2)The lady returned home, followed(follow) by Holmes. (3)Judging(judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. (4)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. (5)Nervously facing(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”． (6)Given(give) more chances, he will do it better. 3．分词作宾补 分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。 *I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 *I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌曲。 分词作宾补时常用于以下两种情况： (1)位于感官动词后，如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、notice等。 *We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 *He heard his name called. 他听见有人叫他的名字。 (2)位于使役动词后，如make、have、get、keep、leave等。 *They had the light burning all night. 他们整夜让灯亮着。 *She still couldn't make herself understood in English. 她依然不能用英语表达自己的意思。 [名师点睛] make后的宾补不能用现在分词。 4．分词作表语 分词作表语多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be、remain、feel、stay、seem、look、become等。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征。 *The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 *We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 我们对湖光的美感到惊叹。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)He seemed quite delighted(delight) at the news. (2)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated (motivate) after one or two nights. (3)A little boy with two of his front teeth missing(miss) ran into the house. (4)Don't have your guest standing(stand) there and ask him to sit down. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 调查报告是一种基于事实、数据和客观分析的应用文体，其核心是系统性地呈现研究过程与发现。基本写作结构建议： 标题：明确反映调查主题。 引言：简要说明调查背景、目的、对象、时间及方法。 主体：详述调查结果，通常对数据进行分类、比较和分析，可使用小标题划分不同部分。 结论与建议：总结核心发现，并基于发现提出合理、可行的建议或展望。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头/引言部分常用语 （1）This report aims to present the findings of a survey conducted among... regarding... 本报告旨在呈现一项针对……群体开展的、关于……的调查结果。 （2）In order to better understand..., a survey was carried out from... to... 为了更好地了解……，我们在……至……期间开展了一项调查。 （3）The purpose of this report is to investigate/examine/analyze... 本报告的目的是调查/研究/分析…… 2. 主体/呈现结果部分常用语 （1）According to the survey/data collected, ...% of the respondents... 根据调查/收集的数据，……%的受访者…… （2）The chart/figures show that... 图表/数据显示…… （3）A significant finding is that... 一个重要的发现是…… （4）When it comes to..., opinions are divided. 关于……，大家的意见存在分歧。 （5）Compared with Group A, Group B is more likely to... 与A组相比，B组更倾向于…… 3. 结尾/结论与建议部分常用语 （1）In conclusion/To sum up, the survey reveals that... 总之，调查表明…… （2）Based on the findings above, it can be concluded that... 基于以上发现，可以得出结论…… （3）Therefore, it is suggested/recommended that... 因此，建议…… （4）It would be beneficial to... ……将会是有益的。 （5）Further research on this topic is needed. 有必要就此主题进行进一步研究。 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，最近学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动，针对同学们对于此次活动的态度你在班上做了一次调查。请根据表格信息，用英语写一篇调查报告向校英语报投稿。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 观点 比例 理由 支持 70% 1.汽车带来了空气污染和交通堵塞等问题； 2.骑自行车的益处：节约能源、有益健康等 反对 30% 骑自行车上学浪费时间且不安全 ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 审题谋篇 第一步：审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．最近我们学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动。 Recently our school held an activity called “Green Transport to School”． 2．它号召学生骑自行车上学。 It calls on the students to ride bicycles to school. 3．70%的同学支持它，有两个原因。 70% of our classmates support it for two reasons． 4．一个原因是骑自行车可以节约能源，且对我们的健康有好处。 One reason is that riding a bicycle can be energy-saving and is good for our health． 5．另一个原因是汽车导致空气污染和交通堵塞。 The other reason is that cars lead to air pollution and traffic jams． 6．如果学校离家远，骑车上学既不安全又浪费时间。 If the school is far away from home, it is not only unsafe but also a waste of time riding to school． 7．总之，在我看来，骑车去学校是一个很好的选择。 All in all, in my opinion, riding to school is a very good choice． 第三步：句式升级造亮点 8．用which引导定语从句合并第二步中的句1和句2 Recently our school held an activity called “Green Transport to School”， which calls on the students to ride bicycles to school. 第四步：过渡衔接连成篇 ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Recently our school held an activity called “Green Transport to School”，which calls on the students to ride bicycles to school.I made a survey on our classmates' attitudes towards this activity. 70% of our classmates support it for two reasons.One reason is that riding a bicycle can be energy-saving and is good for our health.The other reason is that cars lead to air pollution and traffic jams. But just opposite to the supporters，others think if the school is far away from home，it is not only unsafe but also a waste of time riding to school. All in all, in my opinion, riding to school is a very good choice if you're not in a hurry and if the weather is fine. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Green Living 单词 1.desert n.沙漠 2.transport n.交通运输系统，运输方式 3.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 4.flat n.一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的 5.root n.树根 6.shoot n.芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射中；射击 7.firm adj.坚实的；稳固的 8.poster n.海报 9.founder n.创办人，创始者 10.profit n.盈利，利润 11.region n.地区，区域 12.rate n.比率，率 13.overcome vt.克服（困难）；控制（感情） 14.former adj.以前的，从前的 15.current adj.当前的，现时的 16.ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 17.parking n.（车辆等的）停放 18.therefore adv.因此；由此 19.path n.小径，小道 20.official n.官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的 21.attitude n.看法；态度 22.honey n.蜂蜜 23.butter n.黄油，牛油 24.sum vt.概括，总结 短语 1.do my part for sth.尽自己所能做某事 2.can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 3.take action采取行动 4.set up建立 5.in addition to除……以外（还） 6.live together in peace with nature与自然和平相处 7.all around the world全世界 8.blow away吹走 9.bring...to an end使……结束 10.work through调整（情绪） 11.make sb.'s dream come true（使）某人梦想成真 12.be referred to as...被称为…… 13.come up with想出，想到 14.thanks to多亏 15.take part （in）参加 16.cut back on削减，缩减 17.to sum up总之 18.make the best of充分利用 19.contribute to有助于；导致 熟词生义 1. flood 常见词义：n. 洪水；水灾 / v. 淹没 熟词生义：n. 大量，大批（指人或物大量涌来） 2. root 常见词义：n. 根，根部 熟词生义：n. 根源；本源（常指文化、传统、问题的起源） 3. shoot 常见词义：v. 射击；开枪 熟词生义：v. 拍摄（照片或电影） 4. determine 常见词义：v. 查明；确定；决心 熟词生义：v. 决定；支配（指某种因素起决定性影响） 5. involve 常见词义：v. 牵涉，卷入；包含 熟词生义：v. 需要；使成为必要部分（指某事物必然包含某种要素或条件） 6. battery 常见词义：n. 电池 熟词生义：n. 一连串，一系列（指成套的工具、测试、问题等） 句型 1.Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”.（what引导名词性从句） 很多人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。 2.They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.（it作形式主语） 他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。 3.People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey， so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.（so that引导目的状语从句） 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能够从那里骑走它并继续使用。 4.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy， reduce air and noise pollution， and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.（动词不定式作状语） 本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。 5.To sum up， it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.（it seems/seemed that...） 总而言之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。 6.Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills.（even if/though引导让步状语从句） 尽管这个国家（瑞典）每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场。 语法 v.-ing和v.-ed形式 一、词汇清单 知识点1 balance n.平衡；天平；余额 vt.平衡；权衡；使相等 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages. ② A healthy lifestyle is generally a __________（balance） life in which you make wise choices. ③ I stepped on a banana skin, _________________（失去平衡） and fell flat on the ground. Passers-by saw me and helped me up immediately.［读后续写之动作描写］ ④ 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。所以我建议你应该在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. So I suggest you should ________________________________________  .［应用文写作之建议信］ 【拓展】 （1）keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B在A与B之间保持平衡 （2）balance...against... 权衡/比较……与…… （3）balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 ［佳句背诵］What I want to stress to you is that you should keep a balance between work and relaxation. In addition，regular exercise and a balanced diet are beneficial to your health.［应用文写作之建议信］ 我想向你强调的是，你应该在工作和放松之间保持平衡。此外，有规律的运动和均衡的饮食对你的健康有益。 知识点2 shoot n.芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v.射击；射中；拍摄 [先练会]——单句语法填空/同义替换 ① It is reported that supermarkets are shooting _____ all over the area. ② If I had the chance to go, I'd take it like _____ shot. ③ Just now，the solider shot at the target， but didn't make it. →Just now， the solider _________________ the target， but didn't make it. 【拓展】 （1）shoot at... 朝……射击；向……开枪 shoot up激增；迅速长高 shoot out射出；抽出；伸出 （2）shot n.射击；投球；尝试 like a shot立即；飞快地 take a shot at...朝……射击 ［佳句背诵］One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. 他又看了一眼，注意到有火焰从那辆被毁的汽车下面喷出来。 知识点3 bother vi.& vt. 费心，麻烦 n. 烦扰；麻烦；困难；麻烦的事；讨厌的人 [先练会]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ① [2024·浙江卷1月]For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother _______________（take） a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. ② I used to bother you _______ many things, and you always tried your best to help me out of difficulties.［应用文写作之感谢信］ ③ 让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。 →__________________________________________， but my father told me not to lose heart.（it作形式主语） →__________________________________________， but my father told me not to lose heart.（主语从句） 【拓展】 （1）bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 bother about/with sth.为某事花费时间或精力 can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事 bother sb. about/with sth.因某事使某人烦恼；为某事打扰/麻烦某人 It bothers sb. that.../to do sth.……/做某事使某人苦恼 （2）have bother （in） doing sth.做某事费劲 ［佳句背诵］I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping it won't bother you much.［应用文写作之求助信］ 我确实需要你宝贵的建议,希望这不会给你造成太多麻烦。 知识点4 involve v.参与；包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；使参加（卷入）…… [先练会]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ① The teacher encouraged students' active _____________（involve） in the physical activities. ② I participated in the activity where my work involved caring  （care） for the elderly and _____________（provide） them with assistance and companionship.［应用文写作之活动介绍］ ③ Students should take an active part in community activities where they can gain experience for growth and develop important skills. →Students should _____________________________________________ community activities where they can gain experience for growth and develop important skills. 【拓展】 （1）involve （doing） sth. 包含；需要（做）某事 involve oneself in参加…… （2）be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于…… （3）involvement n.参与；投入；牵连 ［佳句背诵］It's essential that we get involved in one sport or another to develop a hobby or our social skills.［应用文写作之倡议书］ 我们有必要参与一项或另一项运动来培养爱好或社交技能。 知识点5 container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① [2023·全国甲卷]It was a neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box _____________（contain） some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. ② When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water ___________（contain）. ③ 当孩子们看到惊喜生日蛋糕时，他们很难控制住自己。 _____________________________________________________ when they saw the surprise birthday cake. 【拓展】 contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳；克制；控制 contain oneself克制自己 ［佳句背诵］（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个区域。 知识点6 majority n.大多数；多数；多数党；多数派 [先练会]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ① Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority ____ Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. ② When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major ____ Comparative Literature. ③ Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are ___ the majority. ④ Most students in the class agreed that the new teaching method was effective, leading the professor to continue using it for future lessons. →____________________ students in the class agreed that the new teaching method was effective, leading the professor to continue using it for future lessons. 【拓展】 （1）the majority of...大多数…… in the majority占多数 （2）major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；专业 major in...主修……；以……为专业 （3）minority n.少数 in the minority占少数 ［佳句背诵］In our community, those who prefer traditional books over e-books are in the minority, reflecting a broader trend towards digital reading. 在我们的社区中，那些更喜欢传统书籍而非电子书的人占少数，这反映了向数字阅读转变的一种更广泛的趋势。 知识点7 sum n.总和；总数；金额 v.概括；总结 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① The speech you delivered just now accurately _______________________________（概括现状） of our project's progress and highlighted the key challenges we are facing. ② The old man donated ________________________（一大笔钱） to a charity, which was committed to providing education for poor children. ③ 总之，为了保持身体健康，你必须有规律地锻炼，同时还要保持合理的饮食并获得充足的睡眠。 __________________, for a healthy body， you must take regular exercise, along with maintaining a proper diet and getting enough sleep. 【拓展】 （1）a large/small sum of 大量的/少量的 in sum总而言之 （2）sum to共计 sum up总结；概括 to sum up总之 ［佳句背诵］ It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 重要的是要记住成功是每天付出的小小努力的总和。 知识点8 do my part for sth. 尽自己所能做某事 [先练会]——单句语法填空/同义替换 ① What we can infer about the audience is that they are sad to part ______   the old theater. ② This type of wait is unusual in that it is ______ the most part voluntary. ③ Everyone should do his part ______ our country to become better. ④ In my opinion， I found the meeting on how to reduce our carbon footprints most fruitful. →_____________， I found the meeting on how to reduce our carbon footprints most fruitful. 【拓展】 （1）part n.部分；成员；成分；地区；角色 v.分别；分开 （2）play a part in在……起作用；在……扮演角色 take part in参加 for one's part就某人而言 for the most part多半；通常 in part部分地；在某种程度上 （3）part with放弃；交出 part from与……分离 ［佳句背诵］Everyone should play a part in the environmental protection campaign and say no to environmental pollution. 每一个人都应该参与这个环境保护运动并对环境污染说不。 知识点9 take action 采取行动 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWⅡ, was killed _____ action in Europe. ② Though under great pressure from work， we should take __________（measure） to balance our work and family. ③ 由于膝盖损伤严重，他已经6个月不能工作了。 He's been ______________________ for 6 months with a serious knee injury. 【拓展】 （1）take steps/measures 采取措施 （2）in action在活动中；在运转 out of action失去作用；不能工作 put/bring...in/into action实行……；实施…… come into action开始行动 ［佳句背诵］The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis. 新的交通管制方案正在试验实施。［应用文写作之新闻报道］ 知识点10 work through 调整（情绪） [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① I shall work _____ that project from next week， and being a professional person， could you help me?［应用文写作之求助信］ ② It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis _____ work. ③ When we fail in performing on the stage， what we should do first is working ______________ our regret. ④ 正如你所知道的，自从1998年以来我一直从事教师工作。 As you know，I have been ___________________________ since 1998.［应用文写作之人物介绍］ 【拓展】 （1）work on致力于……；对……起作用；继续工作；从事于…… work out解决；算出；制定出；锻炼 work as...从事……工作 （2）in work有工作 out of work无工作/失业 at work在工作 ［佳句背诵］Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. 如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，事情就会好转。 知识点11 come up with 想出，想到 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① [2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can come up ______. ② [2024·全国甲卷]They are treasures of American heritage （遗产）.How did the national park system come ________? ③ At night, the stars come ______ to tell us that all is well and my village grows quiet. ④ 在那之后，每当我遇到一些不愉快的事情，奶奶的话就会浮现在我的脑海中，使我振作起来。 After that, _______________________________________, my grandma's words would come to my mind and cheer me up.［读后续写之人生感悟］ 【拓展】 come across偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解；被弄懂 come about发生;产生（常与how连用） come out（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；出版，发表 come up走到跟前；被提及（无被动语态） ［佳句背诵］Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity, he poured out all his trouble he came across.［读后续写之情感描写］ 她的热情和真诚深深地鼓舞了他，他倾诉出了他所遇到的所有困难。 ［联想发散］表示“（偶然）遇见”的短语还有bump into、 run across/into、 meet with、 meet...by chance/accident等。 知识点12 cut back on 削减，缩减 [先练会]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Rather than cutting _____ the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. ② Billions of trees are being cut ________  every year to make paper for humans. ③ Another suggestion is that you should cut down ___ fatty foods and cut sugar out of your diet if you want to lose weight. ④ 当暴风雨导致电力意外中断时，房子陷入了一片漆黑，一家人挤在客厅里。 The house went into total darkness ___________________________   unexpectedly due to a storm, leaving the family huddled together in the living room.［读后续写之场景描写］ 【拓展】 cut down （on）减少，缩减 cut up切碎；齐根切掉 cut in打断（谈话）；插嘴 cut out剪下；停止；删除，去除 cut off切断；中断（供给或通话）；隔绝 ［佳句背诵］ Many trees are being cut down, many animals are being hunted, and our environment is being destroyed. Shouldn't we take measures to make a difference？［应用文写作之发言稿］ 许多树木正在被砍伐，许多动物正在被猎杀，我们的环境正在被破坏。难道我们不应该采取措施做出改变吗？ 知识点13 what引导名词性从句 [先练会]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ① Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out _______ the area has to offer. ② When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is ________ you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.［应用文写作之建议信］ ③ 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转，这是天文学中一个基本的概念。 →____________________ is that the Earth revolves around the Sun, which is a fundamental concept in astronomy. （what引导主语从句） →___________________, the Earth revolves around the Sun, which is a fundamental concept in astronomy. （定语从句） →_______________________ the Earth revolves around the Sun, which is a fundamental concept in astronomy. （it作形式主语） 【拓展】 （1）what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、表语和宾语； （2）what引导名词性从句时，可表示“……的事情或东西;……的人或样子;所……的地方等”； （3）that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 ［佳句背诵］ （1）（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写）After what seemed like centuries, I finally saw he showed up with his forehead sweating heavily.［读后续写之细节描写］ 似乎过了几个世纪，我终于看到他出现了，额头上大汗淋漓。 （2）The reason why I regularly read the English newspaper is that it contributes a lot to my progress in English learning. 我经常读英文报的原因是它对我英语学习的进步有很大的帮助。 （3）No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. 没有人确切地知道第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚的。 知识点14 even if/though引导让步状语从句 [先练会]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ① [2024·北京卷]I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun—even if it _________（mean） stepping out of my comfort zone. ② Even if she is invited, she won't attend the event because she disagrees with the organization's policies. →____________________, she won't attend the event because she disagrees with the organization's policies. （省略句） 【拓展】 （1）even if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使、尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来； （2）even if/though引导的让步状语从句的主语和主句主语相同，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句可采用省略结构。 ［佳句背诵］ （1）Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网总能把我们与那些喜欢做同样事情的人联系起来，即使他们生活在世界的另一端。 （2）A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 即使这对他/她的球队有帮助，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。 二、语法清单 v.-ing和v.-ed形式 【感知·真题验证】 1．[2023 ·全国甲卷]“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, ______________ （borrow） some familiar words from many age-old fables. 2．[2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]_  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  （recall） watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 3．[2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]The latest __________________ （engineer） techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 4．[2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ]Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _______________（inspire） by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、分词的基本形式 1．现在分词的形式 现在分词形式 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done *The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable. 那场大火持续了近一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。 *Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. 有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。 *Having abused his position as mayor, he is now under investigation. 他滥用市长职务，现在正在接受调查。 *Having been predicted one day ahead, the volcanic eruption didn't kill anyone. 由于提前一天预测，火山爆发没有造成任何人死亡。 2．过去分词的形式 过去分词只有一种形式，即done。 *Encouraged by her mother，the little girl picked herself up and went on running. 在妈妈的鼓励下，小女孩爬起来继续跑。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)He likes eating _______(fry) tomatoes with eggs best, and he learned how to cook last year. (2)________________(finish) his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV plays. (3)They represent the earth ________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (4)___________________(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 二、分词的句法功能 1．分词作定语 现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作(现在分词的完成式一般不作定语)；过去分词作定语表示所修饰的词与分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句。 *There are many students waiting(＝who are waiting) to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。 *I borrowed a book written(＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 [名师点睛] (1)有些过去分词尤其是不及物动词的过去分词，不表示被动，而表示完成，如： boiled water＝water that has boiled开(过的)水 a developed country＝a country which has developed 发达国家 (2)有些过去分词仅表示被动而无完成意义 *He is a respected teacher. 他是一位受人尊敬的老师。 (3)分词作定语的位置 单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况)；分词短语作定语时通常后置，可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的现在分词多数已经形容词化。 *A barking dog seldom bites. 吠犬不咬人。 *Will the people sitting at the back(＝who/that are sitting at the back) keep quiet, please? 坐在后面的人请保持安静，好吗？ (4)英语中有些分词已经形容词化。形容词化的现在分词表示“令人……的；使人……的”；形容词化的过去分词表示“感到……的”。 *I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 我写信是为了告诉你我的令人兴奋的暑假计划。 *She looked at him with an excited expression. 她面带激动的表情望着他。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)When we got a call _________(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. (2)Technological innovations，____________(combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. (3)The building __________________(build) now will be our dining hall. (4)They no longer looked confident.On their faces was a _________________(frighten) expression. 2．分词作状语 分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况。作结果状语时，可以转换为非限制性定语从句或并列分句；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以转换为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以转换为相应的状语从句。 一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。 *Hearing the news(＝When they heard the news)，they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息，他们就立即出发去上海了。 *Frightened by the noise in the night(＝Because she was frightened by the noise in the night)，the little girl didn't dare to sleep in her room. 小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。 *Turning to the left(＝If you turn to the left)，you will find the school. 向左拐，你就会找到那所学校。 *Wounded(＝Though he was wounded)，the brave soldier continued to fight. 尽管受了伤，但这名勇敢的战士仍旧继续战斗。 *Mary sat at the table, writing an article in English(＝and wrote an article in English). 玛丽坐在桌子旁，用英语写文章。 [名师点睛] (1)有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有while、when、once、if、though、although、even if、even though、unless、than、as等。 *Even if invited, I won't attend the evening party. 即使被邀请，我也不会去参加那个晚会。 *While waiting for the bus, he met Mary. 等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。 (2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词作状语时，既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐藏的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿……的)、tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。 *Absorbed in the book, he didn't notice me enter the room. 他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到我进了房间。 (3)分词作状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致， 分词用来修饰全句。如considering(鉴于、考虑到)、generally speaking(一般说来)、judging from/by...(从……来看、依据……来判断)、supposing that...(假定……)、owing to...(由于……)、speaking of...(谈及……)、providing/provided that...(假定……)、given...(考虑到……)等。 *Judging from her accent, she must come from Fujian Province. 从她的口音判断，她肯定来自福建省。 *Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看起来是适合她的工作。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, _________(say) that I had a talent for football. (2)The lady returned home, ____________(follow) by Holmes. (3)____________(judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. (4)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，__________(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. (5)Nervously __________(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”． (6)___________(give) more chances, he will do it better. 3．分词作宾补 分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。 *I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 *I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌曲。 分词作宾补时常用于以下两种情况： (1)位于感官动词后，如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、notice等。 *We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 *He heard his name called. 他听见有人叫他的名字。 (2)位于使役动词后，如make、have、get、keep、leave等。 *They had the light burning all night. 他们整夜让灯亮着。 *She still couldn't make herself understood in English. 她依然不能用英语表达自己的意思。 [名师点睛] make后的宾补不能用现在分词。 4．分词作表语 分词作表语多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be、remain、feel、stay、seem、look、become等。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征。 *The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 *We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 我们对湖光的美感到惊叹。 [练练不忘]——单句语法填空 (1)He seemed quite ____________(delight) at the news. (2)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay ___________(motivate) after one or two nights. (3)A little boy with two of his front teeth ___________(miss) ran into the house. (4)Don't have your guest ____________(stand) there and ask him to sit down. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 调查报告是一种基于事实、数据和客观分析的应用文体，其核心是系统性地呈现研究过程与发现。基本写作结构建议： 标题：明确反映调查主题。 引言：简要说明调查背景、目的、对象、时间及方法。 主体：详述调查结果，通常对数据进行分类、比较和分析，可使用小标题划分不同部分。 结论与建议：总结核心发现，并基于发现提出合理、可行的建议或展望。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头/引言部分常用语 （1）This report aims to present the findings of a survey conducted among... regarding... 本报告旨在呈现一项针对……群体开展的、关于……的调查结果。 （2）In order to better understand..., a survey was carried out from... to... 为了更好地了解……，我们在……至……期间开展了一项调查。 （3）The purpose of this report is to investigate/examine/analyze... 本报告的目的是调查/研究/分析…… 2. 主体/呈现结果部分常用语 （1）According to the survey/data collected, ...% of the respondents... 根据调查/收集的数据，……%的受访者…… （2）The chart/figures show that... 图表/数据显示…… （3）A significant finding is that... 一个重要的发现是…… （4）When it comes to..., opinions are divided. 关于……，大家的意见存在分歧。 （5）Compared with Group A, Group B is more likely to... 与A组相比，B组更倾向于…… 3. 结尾/结论与建议部分常用语 （1）In conclusion/To sum up, the survey reveals that... 总之，调查表明…… （2）Based on the findings above, it can be concluded that... 基于以上发现，可以得出结论…… （3）Therefore, it is suggested/recommended that... 因此，建议…… （4）It would be beneficial to... ……将会是有益的。 （5）Further research on this topic is needed. 有必要就此主题进行进一步研究。 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，最近学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动，针对同学们对于此次活动的态度你在班上做了一次调查。请根据表格信息，用英语写一篇调查报告向校英语报投稿。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 观点 比例 理由 支持 70% 1.汽车带来了空气污染和交通堵塞等问题； 2.骑自行车的益处：节约能源、有益健康等 反对 30% 骑自行车上学浪费时间且不安全 ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 审题谋篇 第一步：审题构思很关键 第二步：补全句子雏形现 1．最近我们学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动。 Recently _________________________________ called “Green Transport to School”． 2．它号召学生骑自行车上学。 ___________________________________ to ride bicycles to school. 3．70%的同学支持它，有两个原因。 70% of our classmates ______________________________． 4．一个原因是骑自行车可以节约能源，且对我们的健康有好处。 One reason is that riding a bicycle ______________________________________________． 5．另一个原因是汽车导致空气污染和交通堵塞。 The other reason is that _______________________________________． 6．如果学校离家远，骑车上学既不安全又浪费时间。 If the school is far away from home, it is ________________________________________________． 7．总之，在我看来，骑车去学校是一个很好的选择。 All in all, in my opinion, ___________________________________________． 第三步：句式升级造亮点 8．用which引导定语从句合并第二步中的句1和句2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：过渡衔接连成篇 ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $