Unit 4 Natural disasters 人与自然：自然灾害与防护（话题阅读精练）英语沪教牛津版九年级下册

Unit 4 Natural disasters 人与自然：自然灾害与防护 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文 阅读 Passage A 完形填空 新闻报道 205 讲述了2025年1月美国加州爆发的严重野火灾情及其影响，并呼吁全球共同关注环境保护。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 220 介绍了无人机和社交媒体等现代技术在灾难救援中的应用及其重要性。 真题 示例 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 292 介绍了油桃木这种特殊的树，它被闪电击中后不仅能存活还生长得更好，科学家对其展开研究并将探索更多类似特性的树。 Passage B 六选五 说明文 203 给出了一些关于在台风期间及台风前后如何保持安全的建议。 模拟 演练 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 275 介绍了AI人工智能在预测飓风等大型风暴中的应用、优势以及当前存在的局限性。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 281 主要介绍了动物是否能够提前感知地震和其他自然灾害。 Passage C 阅读匹配 记叙文 290 左栏是五则有关自然灾害的新闻，右栏是六个亲历者的感受。 Passage D 五选五 说明文 270 主要介绍了在自然灾害发生时如何做好应急准备的五个实用建议。 时文阅读 时文阅读 Passage A Recently, the wildfires in California, USA have caught the world’s eye. On January 7, 2025, a fire started near Palisades (帕利塞兹) in western Los Angeles County. Later, the fire 1 quickly eastward because of the strong Santa Ana winds (圣安娜风). By January 13, the 2 was really bad. 24 people lost their lives and 16 were missing. In just a few days, more than 12,300 buildings, including many homes, were burned down. Universities had to close, and lots of people became 3 . What’s worse, 105 fires broke out across the area, and the 4 burned area reached 162.68 square kilometers. The local government and firefighters are working hard. Firefighters from nearby areas and other countries 5 . They used helicopters (直升机) and fire trucks. But the strong winds and large burned areas made it very difficult to 6 the fires. These California wildfires are really terrible. They should be a 7 to people all over the world. Although we live far away from California, we all share the 8 earth. We need to get along well with 9 . For example, we can save water and electricity, 10 forests and grasslands. Let’s work together to keep our earth beautiful and peaceful. 1．A．ran B．spread C．flew D．arrived 2．A．instruction B．position C．operation D．situation 3．A．useless B．careless C．homeless D．fearless 4．A．total B．special C．normal D．usual 5．A．took in B．moved in C．joined in D．dropped in 6．A．put out B．put up C．take away D．take out 7．A．warning B．example C．notice D．suggestion 8．A．different B．big C．small D．same 9．A．animals B．people C．nature D．cities 10．A．build B．protect C．plant D．improve 长难句解析 原句：（第3段第4句）But the strong winds and large burned areas made it very difficult to put out the fires. 译文：句意：但是强风和大面积的燃烧区域使得扑灭大火变得非常困难。 分析：本句是主谓宾宾补结构。But在句中作连词，表示转折，意为“但是”；the strong winds and large burned areas是句子的主语；made是谓语动词；it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to put out the fires；very difficult是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的状态。 译文 1.   最近，美国加利福尼亚州的野火吸引了全世界的目光。2025年1月7日，洛杉矶县西部的帕利塞兹附近燃起了一场大火。随后，由于强烈的圣安娜风，火势迅速向东蔓延。 2. 截至1月13日，情况变得非常糟糕。24人丧生，16人失踪。仅仅几天时间，超过12300座建筑，包括许多房屋，被烧毁。大学被迫关闭，许多人无家可归。更糟糕的是，该地区爆发了105场火灾，火灾总面积达到162.68平方公里。 3. 当地政府和消防员正在全力以赴。来自附近地区和其他国家的消防员也加入了救援。他们动用了直升机和消防车。但强风和大面积的过火区域使得灭火工作异常艰难。 4. 这些加利福尼亚州的野火着实可怕。它们应该成为对全世界人们的警示。尽管我们远离加利福尼亚，但我们共享同一个地球。我们需要与自然和谐相处。例如，我们可以节约水电，保护森林和草原。让我们携手努力，共同守护地球的美丽与安宁。 Passage B We have many kinds of technologies now. Some around us can help people in disasters (灾难). The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send food, water and important things when a natural disaster happens. Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue (救援) teams to get in, but they can make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. Social media is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With its help, people can know about the natural disasters earlier. And some social media platforms (平台) allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters so others can know their status (状态). Social media is also a place for the latest news, so people can learn what is going on in the disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live-streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. Although these technologies can help when there is a natural disaster, we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．Buildings. B．New technologies. C．The rescue teams. D．Natural disasters. 2．Why does the writer mention live-streaming? A．To show people can tell others they are safe through social media. B．To show people can know the coming disaster on social media. C．To show social media can provide the latest news for people. D．To show social media can help raise money after a disaster. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．The drone helped save a lot of people in Henan in 2021. B．The drone can help search for people who are still alive. C．All technologies can protect people from different disasters. D．We needn’t prepare tools for disasters with the help of new technologies. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Some Ways about How to Protect Ourselves in Disasters B．Some Natural Disasters Which Are Harmful to People C．Some Methods That Can Protect the Environment D．Some Technologies That Can Help People in Disasters 5．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①//②③//④ B．①②//③④ C．①②//③//④ D．①//②//③④ 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第3句）Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue (救援) teams to get in, but they can make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. 译文：通常情况下，建筑物太危险了，救援队无法进入，但他们可以让无人机飞进建筑物，先搜寻那些还活着的人。 分析：本句是由but连接的并列句。前一个分句中“the buildings”是主语，“are”是系动词，“too dangerous”是表语，“for rescue teams to get in”是“too...to...”结构中的不定式复合结构作结果状语；后一个分句中“they”作主语，“can make”是谓语，“the drone”是宾语，“fly into the buildings to search for those...”是不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，其中“who are still alive”是定语从句，修饰先行词“those”。 译文 5. 如今，我们拥有各种各样的技术。我们身边的一些技术能够在灾难中帮助人们。 无人机就是其中之一。当自然灾害发生时，它可以用来运送食物、水和重要物品。很多时候，建筑物过于危险，救援队伍无法进入，但他们可以让无人机飞进建筑物，先搜寻那些仍然活着的人。 6. 在应对自然灾害时，社交媒体也是一个有用的工具。在它的帮助下，人们能够更早地了解自然灾害的情况。而且，一些社交媒体平台允许人们在灾难发生后标记自己处于安全状态，这样其他人就能知道他们的状况。社交媒体也是获取最新消息的地方，因此人们可以了解灾区正在发生的事情。 7. 此外，许多社交媒体平台允许人们捐款，以帮助灾区的人们。这些资金将帮助他们尽快恢复正常生活。例如，2021年河南发生洪水后，直播帮助筹集了大量资金。 8. 尽管这些技术在自然灾害发生时能起到帮助作用，但我们仍然需要准备必要的工具，并学习重要的技能来保护自己。 真题示例 Passage A （2025·山东日照·中考真题）Lightning usually destroys (破坏) trees it hits. But scientists have found an amazing tree. It not only lives through lightning strikes (击中) but actually grows better because of them! For years, scientists thought lightning was only bad for trees. But as they explored places like the Amazon rainforest, they started to think there could be trees that fight against lightning. It wasn’t until about 100 years ago that such “super trees” were discovered. Now, they know of a tree that uses lightning’s power to kill nearby trees and get more sunlight and nutrients (营养) for itself. In 2015, scientist Evan Gora saw a Dipteryx oleifera tree, which had been struck by strong lightning. It wasn’t badly harmed while the neighboring trees were killed. Scientists thought this tree could handle lightning, but there was no way to be sure. Gora and his team saw more of these trees that grew well after lightning strikes. So, they did a study. They followed 93 trees struck by lightning for 2—6 years. They found that all 9 Dipteryx oleifera trees in the study survived with little harm. But 84 other trees were badly hurt, and 64% of them died within two years. These Dipteryx oleifera trees are very tall and have wide tops, making them 68% more likely to be struck by lightning than other trees. During the study, one of the Dipteryx trees was struck twice in 5 years yet continued to grow well. At present, more studies suggest that these trees attract (吸引) lightning on purpose to destroy other trees and grow better. Scientists are not sure how these trees survive lightning, but they guess it may involve the trees’ ability to carry electricity. They are also interested in other trees with similar characteristics. 1．What is special about the Dipteryx oleifera tree? A．It dies quickly after lightning strikes. B．It takes in nutrients directly from lightning. C．It grows better after being struck by lightning. D．It avoids lightning by hiding under other trees. 2．What does the underlined word “handle” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Mix up. B．Give out. C．Suffer from. D．Deal with. 3．Why do Dipteryx oleifera trees attract lightning? A．To get more water from the sky. B．To kill nearby trees for growth. C．To become shorter and stronger. D．To protect other trees around them. 4．What might scientists do next according to the text? A．Plant more Dipteryx oleifera trees. B．Study how trees attract lightning better. C．Find out where Dipteryx oleifera trees live. D．Look for more trees that can survive lightning. 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第3句）It wasn’t until about 100 years ago that such “super trees” were discovered. 译文：直到大约100年前，人们才发现了这样的“超级树木”。 分析：本句是强调句，其结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分。本句中被强调部分是not until about 100 years ago，去掉It was和that后，句子结构和意思仍然完整，原句可还原为Such “super trees” weren’t discovered until about 100 years ago. 重点词汇和短语 9. ①lightning n. 闪电 ②destroy v. 破坏 ③tree n. 树 ④scientist n. 科学家 ⑤amazing adj. 惊人的 ⑥live through 经历；经受住 ⑦lightning strike 雷击 ⑧explore v. 探索 ⑨Amazon rainforest 亚马逊雨林 ⑩fight against 对抗 ⑪super tree 超级树 ⑫nutrient n. 营养 ⑬handle v. 处理；应对 ⑭study n. 研究 ⑮survive v. 存活 ⑯harm n./v. 伤害 ⑰wide adj. 宽的 ⑱likely adj. 可能的 ⑲attract v. 吸引 ⑳electricity n. 电 译文 闪电通常会摧毁它击中的树木。但科学家们发现了一种神奇的树。它不仅能在雷击后存活下来，实际上还会因为雷击而生长得更好！ 多年来，科学家们一直认为闪电对树木只有坏处。但当他们探索像亚马逊雨林这样的地方时，他们开始认为可能存在能抵御闪电的树木。直到大约100年前，这种“超级树木”才被发现。现在，他们知道有一种树会利用闪电的力量杀死附近的树木，从而为自己获取更多的阳光和养分。 2015年，科学家埃文·戈拉看到了一棵被强闪电击中的香豆树。这棵树没有受到严重伤害，而附近的树木却被杀死了。科学家们认为这种树能够应对闪电，但无法确定。 戈拉和他的团队看到更多这样的树在雷击后生长得很好。于是，他们进行了一项研究。他们对93棵被闪电击中的树木进行了2 - 6年的跟踪观察。他们发现，研究中的9棵香豆树都存活了下来，且几乎没有受到什么伤害。但另外84棵树受到了严重伤害，其中64%在两年内死亡。 这些香豆树非常高大，树冠宽阔，这使得它们被闪电击中的可能性比其他树木高68%。在研究过程中，有一棵香豆树在5年内被击中了两次，但仍然继续茁壮成长。 目前，更多的研究表明，这些树会故意吸引闪电来摧毁其他树木，从而生长得更好。科学家们不确定这些树是如何在闪电中存活下来的，但他们猜测这可能与树木传导电流的能力有关。他们也对其他具有类似特征的树木感兴趣。 Passage B （2025·海南·中考真题）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Typhoons (台风) are powerful storms with strong winds and heavy rain. They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn, and bring dangers like floods and broken trees. 1 Before a typhoon arrives, prepare carefully. First, listen to weather reports to know when the storm will arrive. 2 Also, make sure your windows and doors are closed. 3 Stay indoors, away from windows—strong winds may break windows. Turn off TVs, computers and so on. If floodwaters enter your home, move to a higher place at once. After the typhoon passes, stay cautious (警惕的). 4 Check around carefully for dangers such as broken glass. When helping clean up, wear gloves and ask adults for help to stay safe. Typhoons can be dangerous, but being well prepared saves lives! 5 Remember, making the right decision can help to keep you safe. A．When the typhoon comes, act wisely. B．Wait until it is reported to be safe for going out. C．Here is some advice on staying safe around typhoons. D．Typhoons bring rains to dry places, and help plants grow. E．Follow the advice above to protect yourself and your family. F．Second, prepare enough food, water and a first-aid box (急救箱). 长难句解析 原句：（第1段第2句）They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn, and bring dangers like floods and broken trees. 译文：它们（台风）经常在夏秋两季袭击海南，并带来像洪水和折断树木这样的危险。 分析：本句是并列句，由and连接两个并列的谓语动词结构。主语是They，指代前面的Typhoons；“hit Hainan in summer and autumn”和“bring dangers like floods and broken trees”是并列谓语，分别描述了台风的两个行为。 【核心词汇和短语】 ①typhoon n. 台风 ②powerful adj. 强大的 ③storm n. 风暴 ④wind n. 风 ⑤rain n. 雨 ⑥hit v. 袭击 ⑦danger n. 危险 ⑧flood n. 洪水 ⑨prepare v. 准备 ⑩weather report 天气预报 ⑪arrive v. 到达 ⑫indoors adv. 在室内 ⑬window n. 窗户 ⑭turn off 关掉 ⑮floodwater n. 洪水 ⑯move v. 移动 ⑰pass v. 过去 ⑱cautious adj. 警惕的 ⑲clean up 清理 ⑳safe adj. 安全的 译文 台风是伴随着强风和暴雨的强大风暴。它们经常在夏秋季节袭击海南，并带来洪水和树木折断等危险。 以下是一些关于在台风期间保持安全的建议。 在台风来临之前，要做好充分准备。 首先，收听天气预报，了解风暴何时会到来。此外，要确保关好门窗。 第二，准备足够的食物、水和急救箱。 当台风来临时，要明智地行动。 待在室内，远离窗户——强风可能会打破窗户。关掉电视、电脑等电器。如果洪水进入你的家，立即转移到高处。 台风过后，要保持警惕。 等到报道说外出安全后再出去。仔细检查周围是否有碎玻璃等危险。在帮忙清理时，戴上手套，并向成年人寻求帮助以确保安全。 台风可能很危险，但做好充分准备可以挽救生命！遵循以上建议，保护你自己和你的家人。记住，做出正确的决定可以帮助你保持安全。 模拟演练 Passage A On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict (预测) them. AI is playing an important role in this work. For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, felt confident about telling people in Texas that the storm wouldn’t be a problem for them. “It was really amazing,” Lanza said. Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s not perfect. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. “We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),” he said. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By making a study. B．By asking questions. C．By listing some numbers. D．By showing an example. 2．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites. C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 3．What does the underlined word “significant” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Quite peaceful. B．Very convenient. C．Very important. D．Quite nervous. 4．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It won’t get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still needs help from humans. C．It will do all the work and replace human meteorologists. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 5．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage B Can animals sense earthquakes and other natural disasters before they happen? Is there any real science behind this idea? As far back as 373 B．C．, the ancient Greeks noticed that snakes would “behave strangely days before a big earthquake”. However, there isn’t enough scientific support that animals can sense earthquakes, at least not days before they happen. When an earthquake happens, it produces two kinds of energy waves. The smaller one is called a Primary Wave, or “P wave”. It arrives a couple of minutes before the larger Secondary Wave, or “S wave”. The “P wave” travels faster because it can move through solid (固体的) things, water and air, while the “S wave” can only pass through solid things. Very few people notice the “P wave”, but animals often can, thanks to their good senses. With their excellent sense of smell, some wild animals can tell when a fire is burning nearby. But it’s impossible for them to have a premonition of when and where fires will start ahead of time. With the world getting warmer and warmer, wildfires become more common. It is harder than ever for animals to live through these disasters. A new study suggests that some birds may be able to sense storms much earlier than humans. The researchers studied veeries (棕色夜鸫), a kind of songbird. In certain years, these birds finished their breeding season (繁殖期) and began moving to South America earlier than usual. Those years turned out to have longer and more serious hurricane (飓风) seasons. The researchers consider the birds’ unusual behavior to be a sign of storms. But we need more research to make sure of this. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing things. D．By listing research results. 2．Why does the “P wave” travel faster? A．Because it’s much smaller. B．Because it carries more energy. C．Because people can sense it more easily. D．Because it can move through more things. 3．What does the underlined word “premonition” mean? A．A feeling that something is going to happen. B．A feeling that something is really important. C．A feeling that something is not completely true. D．A feeling that something will turn uncomfortable. 4．Which of the following might be a sign of serious storms? A．Veeries sing day and night. B．Veeries give birth to more babies. C．Veeries fly to South America earlier. D．Veeries spend more time staying in the trees. 5．What is the structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A．B． C． D． Passage C 配对阅读。左栏是五则有关自然灾害的新闻，右栏是六个亲历者的感受。请将二者进行匹配。 1 Hundreds of hikers were moved out last week during a flood near Grand Canyon National Park. 2 Land became separated from a hillside in a southeastern Alaska city last Sunday. At least one person died and many were hurt. 3 A powerful typhoon (台风) is getting near Japan’s southwestern islands. In the coming days, there will be heavy rain and very strong winds. 4 Wildfires in Brazil’s southern Sao Paulo state have killed at least two people. At least 36 cities have been put on a high-risk list. 5 A powerful earthquake has hit Japan’s southern coast and it was reported that nine people got hurt lightly. A．The house started to shake when I was reading in my bedroom. I rushed out at once. Luckily, no one was badly hurt in the earthquake. B．I think I’d better put pieces of wood over the windows, or the strong winds may break them. And I’ll get flashlights ready first in case the electricity is cut off. C． I was driving along the road down the hill when the cars ahead of mine stopped suddenly. Then I saw rocks and soil falling down the hillside. D．The hail (冰雹) rained all night. The next day, I found that all my flowers had died because of the hail. E. I went hiking with some friends there. The flood rose so quickly that we had to climb onto some trees. Luckily, some firefighters came in a boat to get us to a safe place later. F. I can see the smoke rising in the south and I think the fire is getting closer and closer. I don’t know whether I have to give up my house and move to a safe place. Passage D （2025·广东广州·一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文意思，选出可以填入空格的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Natural disasters may happen at any time. When natural disasters happen, you might find yourself without water, food and electricity. 1 Here are some suggestions. First, know what disasters may happen in your area. You should learn about the types of disasters that are common in your city, such as earthquakes, floods, or typhoons. It is also a good way to follow local news and weather reports. 2 Second, make an emergency plan. Plan a way to get your family members together if they can’t find each other when the disaster happens. 3 Pick one place right outside your home for sudden emergencies and the other one outside of your neighborhood. Third, get a family survival kit ready. 4 For example, water, food, medicine and some useful tools. Besides, it is necessary to think about any special needs that might come up. Pack some special things for the old or the young of your family. Then, keep the kit in a place where everyone can find it easily. Finally, practise the plan you have made. Practise regularly with your family and make sure that everyone knows exactly what to do. 5 It is impossible to stop natural disasters, but with more preparation, you can protect yourself and your loved ones better. A．Choose two places for everyone to go if it isn’t safe to stay at home. B．By taking these steps, you can improve your chances of surviving. C．So you should get prepared before the disaster comes. D．In these ways, you can keep aware of possible risks. E．It should include some necessary things your family need. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural disasters 人与自然：自然灾害与防护 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文 阅读 Passage A 完形填空 新闻报道 205 讲述了2025年1月美国加州爆发的严重野火灾情及其影响，并呼吁全球共同关注环境保护。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 220 介绍了无人机和社交媒体等现代技术在灾难救援中的应用及其重要性。 真题 示例 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 292 介绍了油桃木这种特殊的树，它被闪电击中后不仅能存活还生长得更好，科学家对其展开研究并将探索更多类似特性的树。 Passage B 六选五 说明文 203 给出了一些关于在台风期间及台风前后如何保持安全的建议。 模拟 演练 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 275 介绍了AI人工智能在预测飓风等大型风暴中的应用、优势以及当前存在的局限性。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 281 主要介绍了动物是否能够提前感知地震和其他自然灾害。 Passage C 阅读匹配 记叙文 290 左栏是五则有关自然灾害的新闻，右栏是六个亲历者的感受。 Passage D 五选五 说明文 270 主要介绍了在自然灾害发生时如何做好应急准备的五个实用建议。 时文阅读 时文阅读 Passage A Recently, the wildfires in California, USA have caught the world’s eye. On January 7, 2025, a fire started near Palisades (帕利塞兹) in western Los Angeles County. Later, the fire 1 quickly eastward because of the strong Santa Ana winds (圣安娜风). By January 13, the 2 was really bad. 24 people lost their lives and 16 were missing. In just a few days, more than 12,300 buildings, including many homes, were burned down. Universities had to close, and lots of people became 3 . What’s worse, 105 fires broke out across the area, and the 4 burned area reached 162.68 square kilometers. The local government and firefighters are working hard. Firefighters from nearby areas and other countries 5 . They used helicopters (直升机) and fire trucks. But the strong winds and large burned areas made it very difficult to 6 the fires. These California wildfires are really terrible. They should be a 7 to people all over the world. Although we live far away from California, we all share the 8 earth. We need to get along well with 9 . For example, we can save water and electricity, 10 forests and grasslands. Let’s work together to keep our earth beautiful and peaceful. 1．A．ran B．spread C．flew D．arrived 2．A．instruction B．position C．operation D．situation 3．A．useless B．careless C．homeless D．fearless 4．A．total B．special C．normal D．usual 5．A．took in B．moved in C．joined in D．dropped in 6．A．put out B．put up C．take away D．take out 7．A．warning B．example C．notice D．suggestion 8．A．different B．big C．small D．same 9．A．animals B．people C．nature D．cities 10．A．build B．protect C．plant D．improve 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了2025年1月美国加州爆发的严重野火灾情及其影响，并呼吁全球共同关注环境保护。 1．句意：随后，由于强烈的圣安娜风，火势迅速向东蔓延。 ran跑；spread蔓延；flew飞；arrived到达。根据“quickly”可知，火势迅速蔓延。故选B。 2．句意：截至1月13日，情况变得非常糟糕。 instruction指示；position位置；operation操作；situation情况。根据“was really bad”可知，情况变得非常糟糕。故选D。 3．句意：大学被迫关闭，许多人无家可归。 useless无用的；careless粗心的；homeless无家可归的；fearless无畏的。根据“more than 12,300 buildings, including many homes, were burned down.”可知，人们无家可归，故选C。 4．句意：更糟糕的是，该地区爆发了105场火灾，总火灾面积达到162.68平方公里。 total总的；special特殊的；normal正常的；usual通常的。根据“burned area reached 162.68 square kilometers.”可知，总火灾面积达到162.68平方公里。故选A。 5．句意：来自附近地区和其他国家的消防员也加入了救援。 took in吸收；moved in搬入；joined in加入；dropped in顺便拜访。根据“other countries”可知，其他国家加入，故选C。 6．句意：但强风和巨大的燃烧面积使得灭火工作异常困难。 put out扑灭；put up张贴；take away拿走；take out取出。根据“the fires”可知，扑灭大火，故选A。 7．句意：它们应该成为对全世界人们的警示。 warning警告；example例子；notice通知；suggestion建议。根据“people all over the world”可知，是一种警告，故选A。 8．句意：尽管我们远离加利福尼亚，但我们共享同一个地球。 different不同的；big大的；small小的；same相同的。根据“earth”可知，共享同一个地球。故选D。 9．句意：我们需要与自然和谐相处。 animals动物；people人们；nature自然；cities城市。根据“For example, we can save water and electricity,”可知，与自然和谐相处。故选C。 10．句意：例如，我们可以节约水电，保护森林和草原。 build建造；protect保护；plant种植；improve改善。根据“forests and grasslands”可知，保护森林和草原。故选B。 长难句解析 原句：（第3段第4句）But the strong winds and large burned areas made it very difficult to put out the fires. 译文：句意：但是强风和大面积的燃烧区域使得扑灭大火变得非常困难。 分析：本句是主谓宾宾补结构。But在句中作连词，表示转折，意为“但是”；the strong winds and large burned areas是句子的主语；made是谓语动词；it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to put out the fires；very difficult是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的状态。 译文 1.   最近，美国加利福尼亚州的野火吸引了全世界的目光。2025年1月7日，洛杉矶县西部的帕利塞兹附近燃起了一场大火。随后，由于强烈的圣安娜风，火势迅速向东蔓延。 2. 截至1月13日，情况变得非常糟糕。24人丧生，16人失踪。仅仅几天时间，超过12300座建筑，包括许多房屋，被烧毁。大学被迫关闭，许多人无家可归。更糟糕的是，该地区爆发了105场火灾，火灾总面积达到162.68平方公里。 3. 当地政府和消防员正在全力以赴。来自附近地区和其他国家的消防员也加入了救援。他们动用了直升机和消防车。但强风和大面积的过火区域使得灭火工作异常艰难。 4. 这些加利福尼亚州的野火着实可怕。它们应该成为对全世界人们的警示。尽管我们远离加利福尼亚，但我们共享同一个地球。我们需要与自然和谐相处。例如，我们可以节约水电，保护森林和草原。让我们携手努力，共同守护地球的美丽与安宁。 Passage B We have many kinds of technologies now. Some around us can help people in disasters (灾难). The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send food, water and important things when a natural disaster happens. Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue (救援) teams to get in, but they can make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. Social media is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With its help, people can know about the natural disasters earlier. And some social media platforms (平台) allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters so others can know their status (状态). Social media is also a place for the latest news, so people can learn what is going on in the disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live-streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. Although these technologies can help when there is a natural disaster, we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．Buildings. B．New technologies. C．The rescue teams. D．Natural disasters. 2．Why does the writer mention live-streaming? A．To show people can tell others they are safe through social media. B．To show people can know the coming disaster on social media. C．To show social media can provide the latest news for people. D．To show social media can help raise money after a disaster. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．The drone helped save a lot of people in Henan in 2021. B．The drone can help search for people who are still alive. C．All technologies can protect people from different disasters. D．We needn’t prepare tools for disasters with the help of new technologies. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Some Ways about How to Protect Ourselves in Disasters B．Some Natural Disasters Which Are Harmful to People C．Some Methods That Can Protect the Environment D．Some Technologies That Can Help People in Disasters 5．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①//②③//④ B．①②//③④ C．①②//③//④ D．①//②//③④ 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了无人机和社交媒体等现代技术在灾难救援中的应用及其重要性。 1．词义猜测题。根据文章“Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue (救援) teams to get in, but they can make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first.”可知，通常情况下，建筑物太危险，救援队无法进入，但他们可以让无人机飞进建筑物，先搜索那些还活着的人。“they”指代的是前文提到的“rescue teams（救援队）”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“For example, live-streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.”可知，作者提到直播是为了说明社交媒体可以帮助筹集救灾资金。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“...but they can make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first.”可知，无人机可以用于搜寻幸存者。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了无人机和社交媒体等技术在灾难救援中的作用，因此最佳标题应为“一些能在灾难中帮助人们的技术”。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章结构为：第一段引入主题（①），第二段和第三段分别介绍无人机和社交媒体的作用（②③），最后一段总结（④）。因此结构为①//②③//④。故选A。 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第3句）Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue (救援) teams to get in, but they can make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. 译文：通常情况下，建筑物太危险了，救援队无法进入，但他们可以让无人机飞进建筑物，先搜寻那些还活着的人。 分析：本句是由but连接的并列句。前一个分句中“the buildings”是主语，“are”是系动词，“too dangerous”是表语，“for rescue teams to get in”是“too...to...”结构中的不定式复合结构作结果状语；后一个分句中“they”作主语，“can make”是谓语，“the drone”是宾语，“fly into the buildings to search for those...”是不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，其中“who are still alive”是定语从句，修饰先行词“those”。 译文 5. 如今，我们拥有各种各样的技术。我们身边的一些技术能够在灾难中帮助人们。 无人机就是其中之一。当自然灾害发生时，它可以用来运送食物、水和重要物品。很多时候，建筑物过于危险，救援队伍无法进入，但他们可以让无人机飞进建筑物，先搜寻那些仍然活着的人。 6. 在应对自然灾害时，社交媒体也是一个有用的工具。在它的帮助下，人们能够更早地了解自然灾害的情况。而且，一些社交媒体平台允许人们在灾难发生后标记自己处于安全状态，这样其他人就能知道他们的状况。社交媒体也是获取最新消息的地方，因此人们可以了解灾区正在发生的事情。 7. 此外，许多社交媒体平台允许人们捐款，以帮助灾区的人们。这些资金将帮助他们尽快恢复正常生活。例如，2021年河南发生洪水后，直播帮助筹集了大量资金。 8. 尽管这些技术在自然灾害发生时能起到帮助作用，但我们仍然需要准备必要的工具，并学习重要的技能来保护自己。 真题示例 Passage A （2025·山东日照·中考真题）Lightning usually destroys (破坏) trees it hits. But scientists have found an amazing tree. It not only lives through lightning strikes (击中) but actually grows better because of them! For years, scientists thought lightning was only bad for trees. But as they explored places like the Amazon rainforest, they started to think there could be trees that fight against lightning. It wasn’t until about 100 years ago that such “super trees” were discovered. Now, they know of a tree that uses lightning’s power to kill nearby trees and get more sunlight and nutrients (营养) for itself. In 2015, scientist Evan Gora saw a Dipteryx oleifera tree, which had been struck by strong lightning. It wasn’t badly harmed while the neighboring trees were killed. Scientists thought this tree could handle lightning, but there was no way to be sure. Gora and his team saw more of these trees that grew well after lightning strikes. So, they did a study. They followed 93 trees struck by lightning for 2—6 years. They found that all 9 Dipteryx oleifera trees in the study survived with little harm. But 84 other trees were badly hurt, and 64% of them died within two years. These Dipteryx oleifera trees are very tall and have wide tops, making them 68% more likely to be struck by lightning than other trees. During the study, one of the Dipteryx trees was struck twice in 5 years yet continued to grow well. At present, more studies suggest that these trees attract (吸引) lightning on purpose to destroy other trees and grow better. Scientists are not sure how these trees survive lightning, but they guess it may involve the trees’ ability to carry electricity. They are also interested in other trees with similar characteristics. 1．What is special about the Dipteryx oleifera tree? A．It dies quickly after lightning strikes. B．It takes in nutrients directly from lightning. C．It grows better after being struck by lightning. D．It avoids lightning by hiding under other trees. 2．What does the underlined word “handle” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Mix up. B．Give out. C．Suffer from. D．Deal with. 3．Why do Dipteryx oleifera trees attract lightning? A．To get more water from the sky. B．To kill nearby trees for growth. C．To become shorter and stronger. D．To protect other trees around them. 4．What might scientists do next according to the text? A．Plant more Dipteryx oleifera trees. B．Study how trees attract lightning better. C．Find out where Dipteryx oleifera trees live. D．Look for more trees that can survive lightning. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了油桃木这种特殊的树，它被闪电击中后不仅能存活还生长得更好，科学家对其展开研究并将探索更多类似特性的树。 1．细节理解题。根据“But scientists have found an amazing tree. It not only lives through lightning strikes (击中) but actually grows better because of them!”以及后文对油桃木的研究描述可知，油桃木被闪电击中后生长得更好，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据前文描述油桃木被闪电击中却未受严重伤害，“Scientists thought this tree could handle lightning”意思是科学家认为这种树能够应对闪电，“handle”在这里是“处理，应对”的意思，与“deal with”意思相近，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Now, they know of a tree that uses lightning’s power to kill nearby trees and get more sunlight and nutrients (营养) for itself.”可知，油桃木吸引闪电是为了杀死附近的树从而获取更多阳光和营养以生长，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“They are also interested in other trees with similar characteristics.”可知，科学家接下来可能会寻找更多能在闪电袭击后存活的树，故选D。 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第3句）It wasn’t until about 100 years ago that such “super trees” were discovered. 译文：直到大约100年前，人们才发现了这样的“超级树木”。 分析：本句是强调句，其结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分。本句中被强调部分是not until about 100 years ago，去掉It was和that后，句子结构和意思仍然完整，原句可还原为Such “super trees” weren’t discovered until about 100 years ago. 重点词汇和短语 9. ①lightning n. 闪电 ②destroy v. 破坏 ③tree n. 树 ④scientist n. 科学家 ⑤amazing adj. 惊人的 ⑥live through 经历；经受住 ⑦lightning strike 雷击 ⑧explore v. 探索 ⑨Amazon rainforest 亚马逊雨林 ⑩fight against 对抗 ⑪super tree 超级树 ⑫nutrient n. 营养 ⑬handle v. 处理；应对 ⑭study n. 研究 ⑮survive v. 存活 ⑯harm n./v. 伤害 ⑰wide adj. 宽的 ⑱likely adj. 可能的 ⑲attract v. 吸引 ⑳electricity n. 电 译文 闪电通常会摧毁它击中的树木。但科学家们发现了一种神奇的树。它不仅能在雷击后存活下来，实际上还会因为雷击而生长得更好！ 多年来，科学家们一直认为闪电对树木只有坏处。但当他们探索像亚马逊雨林这样的地方时，他们开始认为可能存在能抵御闪电的树木。直到大约100年前，这种“超级树木”才被发现。现在，他们知道有一种树会利用闪电的力量杀死附近的树木，从而为自己获取更多的阳光和养分。 2015年，科学家埃文·戈拉看到了一棵被强闪电击中的香豆树。这棵树没有受到严重伤害，而附近的树木却被杀死了。科学家们认为这种树能够应对闪电，但无法确定。 戈拉和他的团队看到更多这样的树在雷击后生长得很好。于是，他们进行了一项研究。他们对93棵被闪电击中的树木进行了2 - 6年的跟踪观察。他们发现，研究中的9棵香豆树都存活了下来，且几乎没有受到什么伤害。但另外84棵树受到了严重伤害，其中64%在两年内死亡。 这些香豆树非常高大，树冠宽阔，这使得它们被闪电击中的可能性比其他树木高68%。在研究过程中，有一棵香豆树在5年内被击中了两次，但仍然继续茁壮成长。 目前，更多的研究表明，这些树会故意吸引闪电来摧毁其他树木，从而生长得更好。科学家们不确定这些树是如何在闪电中存活下来的，但他们猜测这可能与树木传导电流的能力有关。他们也对其他具有类似特征的树木感兴趣。 Passage B （2025·海南·中考真题）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Typhoons (台风) are powerful storms with strong winds and heavy rain. They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn, and bring dangers like floods and broken trees. 1 Before a typhoon arrives, prepare carefully. First, listen to weather reports to know when the storm will arrive. 2 Also, make sure your windows and doors are closed. 3 Stay indoors, away from windows—strong winds may break windows. Turn off TVs, computers and so on. If floodwaters enter your home, move to a higher place at once. After the typhoon passes, stay cautious (警惕的). 4 Check around carefully for dangers such as broken glass. When helping clean up, wear gloves and ask adults for help to stay safe. Typhoons can be dangerous, but being well prepared saves lives! 5 Remember, making the right decision can help to keep you safe. A．When the typhoon comes, act wisely. B．Wait until it is reported to be safe for going out. C．Here is some advice on staying safe around typhoons. D．Typhoons bring rains to dry places, and help plants grow. E．Follow the advice above to protect yourself and your family. F．Second, prepare enough food, water and a first-aid box (急救箱). 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文主要讲述了台风是强大的风暴，伴随着强风和暴雨，经常在夏秋两季袭击海南，并带来危险，文章给出了一些关于在台风期间及台风前后如何保持安全的建议。 1．根据“Typhoons (台风) are powerful storms with strong winds and heavy rain. They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn, and bring dangers like floods and broken trees.”可知，此处介绍了台风是什么以及带来的危害，接下来要给出一些关于台风期间如何保持安全的建议，选项C“以下是一些关于在台风期间保持安全的建议。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“First, listen to weather reports to know when the storm will arrive.”可知，这里说明了首先做什么，接下来要给出第二条准备事项，选项F“第二，准备足够的食物、水和急救箱。”符合语境。故选F。 3．根据“Stay indoors, away from windows—strong winds may break windows. Turn off TVs, computers and so on.”可知，本段主要讲的是台风来临时的明智做法，选项A“当台风来临时，要明智地行动。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“After the typhoon passes, stay cautious (警惕的).”以及“Check around carefully for dangers such as broken glass.”可知，本段主要讲的是台风过后要保持警惕，检查周围是否有危险，如碎玻璃等，选项B“等到报道说外出安全后再出去。”符合语境。故选B。 5．根据“Typhoons can be dangerous, but being well prepared saves lives!”以及“Remember, making the right decision can help to keep you safe.”可知，本段主要进行总结，选项E“遵循以上建议，保护你自己和你的家人。”符合语境。故选E。 长难句解析 原句：（第1段第2句）They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn, and bring dangers like floods and broken trees. 译文：它们（台风）经常在夏秋两季袭击海南，并带来像洪水和折断树木这样的危险。 分析：本句是并列句，由and连接两个并列的谓语动词结构。主语是They，指代前面的Typhoons；“hit Hainan in summer and autumn”和“bring dangers like floods and broken trees”是并列谓语，分别描述了台风的两个行为。 【核心词汇和短语】 ①typhoon n. 台风 ②powerful adj. 强大的 ③storm n. 风暴 ④wind n. 风 ⑤rain n. 雨 ⑥hit v. 袭击 ⑦danger n. 危险 ⑧flood n. 洪水 ⑨prepare v. 准备 ⑩weather report 天气预报 ⑪arrive v. 到达 ⑫indoors adv. 在室内 ⑬window n. 窗户 ⑭turn off 关掉 ⑮floodwater n. 洪水 ⑯move v. 移动 ⑰pass v. 过去 ⑱cautious adj. 警惕的 ⑲clean up 清理 ⑳safe adj. 安全的 译文 台风是伴随着强风和暴雨的强大风暴。它们经常在夏秋季节袭击海南，并带来洪水和树木折断等危险。 以下是一些关于在台风期间保持安全的建议。 在台风来临之前，要做好充分准备。 首先，收听天气预报，了解风暴何时会到来。此外，要确保关好门窗。 第二，准备足够的食物、水和急救箱。 当台风来临时，要明智地行动。 待在室内，远离窗户——强风可能会打破窗户。关掉电视、电脑等电器。如果洪水进入你的家，立即转移到高处。 台风过后，要保持警惕。 等到报道说外出安全后再出去。仔细检查周围是否有碎玻璃等危险。在帮忙清理时，戴上手套，并向成年人寻求帮助以确保安全。 台风可能很危险，但做好充分准备可以挽救生命！遵循以上建议，保护你自己和你的家人。记住，做出正确的决定可以帮助你保持安全。 模拟演练 Passage A On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict (预测) them. AI is playing an important role in this work. For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, felt confident about telling people in Texas that the storm wouldn’t be a problem for them. “It was really amazing,” Lanza said. Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s not perfect. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. “We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),” he said. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By making a study. B．By asking questions. C．By listing some numbers. D．By showing an example. 2．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites. C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 3．What does the underlined word “significant” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Quite peaceful. B．Very convenient. C．Very important. D．Quite nervous. 4．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It won’t get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still needs help from humans. C．It will do all the work and replace human meteorologists. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 5．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在预测飓风等大型风暴中的应用、优势以及当前存在的局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据“On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024.”可知，作者是通过列举一个具体飓风实例来开篇的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds”可知，那些模型需要数小时来生成预测，但人工智能模型可以非常快速地完成这项工作。今年，人工智能模型仅用几秒钟就做出了关于风暴的精确预测。由此可推知，人工智能模型与传统模型的不同之处在于其生成预测的速度更快。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize.”、“In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana.”和“Even though AI is helpful”以及“it’s not perfect.”可知，人工智能在飓风路径预测上取得了成功，案例如Beryl和Francine，这些成功证明人工智能很有帮助，且具有重要意义。“significant”意为“非常重要的”，与选项C意思相近。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. ‘We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),’ he said.”可知，气象学家需要将人工智能与其他工具一起使用。但人们不会仅仅让人工智能来做预报。由此可推知，未来的人工智能在天气预报中会变得更精确，但仍然需要人类的辅助。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段通过实例引出人工智能用于飓风预测的话题；第二段介绍人工智能模型与传统模型的区别及优势；第三、四段用具体人工智能系统的成功案例说明其有效性；第五段指出人工智能目前的局限性及人机协作的必要性。正确结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选D。 Passage B Can animals sense earthquakes and other natural disasters before they happen? Is there any real science behind this idea? As far back as 373 B．C．, the ancient Greeks noticed that snakes would “behave strangely days before a big earthquake”. However, there isn’t enough scientific support that animals can sense earthquakes, at least not days before they happen. When an earthquake happens, it produces two kinds of energy waves. The smaller one is called a Primary Wave, or “P wave”. It arrives a couple of minutes before the larger Secondary Wave, or “S wave”. The “P wave” travels faster because it can move through solid (固体的) things, water and air, while the “S wave” can only pass through solid things. Very few people notice the “P wave”, but animals often can, thanks to their good senses. With their excellent sense of smell, some wild animals can tell when a fire is burning nearby. But it’s impossible for them to have a premonition of when and where fires will start ahead of time. With the world getting warmer and warmer, wildfires become more common. It is harder than ever for animals to live through these disasters. A new study suggests that some birds may be able to sense storms much earlier than humans. The researchers studied veeries (棕色夜鸫), a kind of songbird. In certain years, these birds finished their breeding season (繁殖期) and began moving to South America earlier than usual. Those years turned out to have longer and more serious hurricane (飓风) seasons. The researchers consider the birds’ unusual behavior to be a sign of storms. But we need more research to make sure of this. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing things. D．By listing research results. 2．Why does the “P wave” travel faster? A．Because it’s much smaller. B．Because it carries more energy. C．Because people can sense it more easily. D．Because it can move through more things. 3．What does the underlined word “premonition” mean? A．A feeling that something is going to happen. B．A feeling that something is really important. C．A feeling that something is not completely true. D．A feeling that something will turn uncomfortable. 4．Which of the following might be a sign of serious storms? A．Veeries sing day and night. B．Veeries give birth to more babies. C．Veeries fly to South America earlier. D．Veeries spend more time staying in the trees. 5．What is the structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物是否能够提前感知地震和其他自然灾害。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Can animals sense earthquakes and other natural disasters before they happen? Is there any real science behind this idea?”可知，作者是通过问问题引入话题的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段句子“The ‘P wave’ travels faster because it can move through solid (固体的) things, water and air, while the ‘S wave’ can only pass through solid things.”可知， 相较“S波”只可以穿过固体，“P波”不仅可以穿过固体，还可以穿过水和空气。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。该划线词所在句子“But it’s impossible for them to have a premonition of when and where fires will start ahead of time.”是对前文“With their excellent sense of smell, some wild animals can tell when a fire is burning nearby. ”的转折描述，从中可知，虽然凭借敏锐的嗅觉，一些野生动物能够察觉到附近有火灾发生，但他们不可能提前预知火灾何时何地开始。因此，划线词“premonition”指的是动物对即将发生的事情的预感。A项“一种即将发生事情的感觉。”符合此意。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段句子“In certain years, these birds finished their breeding season (繁殖期) and began moving to South America earlier than usual…the researchers consider the birds’ unusual behavior to be a sign of storms.”可知，棕色夜鸫提前飞往南美可能是严重风暴的迹象。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。纵观全文可知，本文呈现“总—分”结构。第①段引入动物是否能够提前感知地震和其他自然灾害这一话题；第②段和第③段介绍地震与动物感知，第④段介绍火灾与动物感知，第⑤段介绍风暴与动物感知。故选C。 Passage C 配对阅读。左栏是五则有关自然灾害的新闻，右栏是六个亲历者的感受。请将二者进行匹配。 1 Hundreds of hikers were moved out last week during a flood near Grand Canyon National Park. 2 Land became separated from a hillside in a southeastern Alaska city last Sunday. At least one person died and many were hurt. 3 A powerful typhoon (台风) is getting near Japan’s southwestern islands. In the coming days, there will be heavy rain and very strong winds. 4 Wildfires in Brazil’s southern Sao Paulo state have killed at least two people. At least 36 cities have been put on a high-risk list. 5 A powerful earthquake has hit Japan’s southern coast and it was reported that nine people got hurt lightly. A．The house started to shake when I was reading in my bedroom. I rushed out at once. Luckily, no one was badly hurt in the earthquake. B．I think I’d better put pieces of wood over the windows, or the strong winds may break them. And I’ll get flashlights ready first in case the electricity is cut off. C． I was driving along the road down the hill when the cars ahead of mine stopped suddenly. Then I saw rocks and soil falling down the hillside. D．The hail (冰雹) rained all night. The next day, I found that all my flowers had died because of the hail. E. I went hiking with some friends there. The flood rose so quickly that we had to climb onto some trees. Luckily, some firefighters came in a boat to get us to a safe place later. F. I can see the smoke rising in the south and I think the fire is getting closer and closer. I don’t know whether I have to give up my house and move to a safe place. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．B 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。分别描述了五种不同的自然灾害事件，包括洪水、山体滑坡、台风、野火和地震，涉及美国大峡谷、阿拉斯加、日本、巴西等地的受灾情况。 1．根据“Hundreds of hikers were moved out last week during a flood near Grand Canyon National Park.”可知，大峡谷国家公园附近洪水期间数百名徒步旅行者被转移。选项E“我和一些朋友去那里徒步旅行。洪水涨得太快，我们不得不爬上一些树。幸运的是，后来一些消防员乘船把我们送到了安全的地方。”描述了徒步者遭遇洪水并被救援的经历，与之匹配。故选E。 2． 根据“Land became separated from a hillside in a southeastern Alaska city last Sunday. At least one person died and many were hurt.”可知，阿拉斯加一城市发生山体滑坡，导致人员伤亡。选项C“我正沿着山下的路开车，前面的车突然停了下来。然后我看到岩石和泥土从山坡上掉下来。”描述了山体滑坡时的场景，与之匹配。故选C。 3．根据“A powerful typhoon is getting near Japan’s southwestern islands. In the coming days, there will be heavy rain and very strong winds.”可知，日本西南岛屿将遭遇强台风，伴随暴雨和强风。选项B“我想我最好在窗户上盖上木板，否则强风可能会把它们吹破。我会先准备好手电筒，以防停电。”体现了应对台风强风、停电的准备措施，与之匹配。故选B。 4．根据“Wildfires in Brazil’s southern Sao Paulo state have killed at least two people. At least 36 cities have been put on a high-risk list.”可知，巴西圣保罗州发生野火，多个城市面临高风险。选项F“我看到南方升起浓烟，我想火势越来越近了。我不知道是否必须放弃我的房子，搬到安全的地方去。”描述了野火逼近、危及家园的情况，与之匹配。故选F。 5． 根据“A powerful earthquake has hit Japan’s southern coast and it was reported that nine people got hurt lightly.”可知，日本南部海岸发生强震，九人轻伤。选项A“我在卧室看书时，房子开始摇晃。我立刻冲了出去。幸运的是，地震中没有人受重伤。”描述了地震发生时的情景及人员受伤情况，与之匹配。故选A。 Passage D （2025·广东广州·一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文意思，选出可以填入空格的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Natural disasters may happen at any time. When natural disasters happen, you might find yourself without water, food and electricity. 1 Here are some suggestions. First, know what disasters may happen in your area. You should learn about the types of disasters that are common in your city, such as earthquakes, floods, or typhoons. It is also a good way to follow local news and weather reports. 2 Second, make an emergency plan. Plan a way to get your family members together if they can’t find each other when the disaster happens. 3 Pick one place right outside your home for sudden emergencies and the other one outside of your neighborhood. Third, get a family survival kit ready. 4 For example, water, food, medicine and some useful tools. Besides, it is necessary to think about any special needs that might come up. Pack some special things for the old or the young of your family. Then, keep the kit in a place where everyone can find it easily. Finally, practise the plan you have made. Practise regularly with your family and make sure that everyone knows exactly what to do. 5 It is impossible to stop natural disasters, but with more preparation, you can protect yourself and your loved ones better. A．Choose two places for everyone to go if it isn’t safe to stay at home. B．By taking these steps, you can improve your chances of surviving. C．So you should get prepared before the disaster comes. D．In these ways, you can keep aware of possible risks. E．It should include some necessary things your family need. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了在自然灾害发生时如何做好应急准备的五个实用建议。 1．结合横线前后的句子“Natural disasters may happen at any time. When natural disasters happen, you might find yourself without water, food and electricity.”和“Here are some suggestions.”可知，横线处应填的句子是过渡句，起承上启下的作用，说明提前准备以应对自然灾害的必要性。C项“因此，你应该在灾难来临之前做好准备。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据第二段所述可知，本段主要在说要首先了解所在地区常见的自然灾害种类，并关注当地新闻和天气预报。又横线处要填的句子在本段末尾，因此，起总结前文的作用。D项“通过这些方式，您可以了解可能的风险。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据后文句子“Pick one place right outside your home for sudden emergencies and the other one outside of your neighborhood.”中的“one”和“the other”可知，横线处要说明应急计划中需选择两个集合地点。A项“如果呆在家里不安全，请为每个人选择两个地方。”符合语境。故选A。 4．结合横线前后的句子“…get a family survival kit ready.”和“For example, water, food, medicine and some useful tools.”可知，横线处要说明家庭生存工具包应包含什么。E项“它应该包括你的家人需要的一些必要的东西。”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据后文“It is impossible to stop natural disasters, but with more preparation, you can protect yourself and your loved ones better.”可知，横线处要填的句子要对上文就如何在自然灾害发生时做好应急准备所给出的建议做出总结。B项“通过采取这些步骤，你可以提高生存的机会。”符合语境。故选B。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $