期末复习讲义（语文版基础模块3 Unit3 Natural Disaster Prevention）-2025-2026学年高二上学期《英语期末考点大串讲》

编写说明：2025-2026学年高二上学期《英语期末考点大串讲》以考试范围内教材单元内容为基准，精准覆盖核心考点，并紧密贴合职教高考题型，包含配套的单元复习课件、讲义与模拟卷，旨在为学生提供全方位、高效的期末复习解决方案。 2025-2026学年高二上学期《英语期末考点大串讲》 语文版基础模块3 Unit 3 Natural Disaster Prevention 复习讲义 目录 明·期末考情································1 记·必考知识································3 Unit3 Natural Disaster Prevention·······························3 知识点01 单元重点词汇（Unit3）···························3 知识点02 单元重点短语和句式句型（Unit3）···························8 知识点03 单元重点语法（Unit3）····························13 知识点04 单元话题主题（Unit3）····························20 练·10分钟·································4 Unit3 Natural Disaster Prevention·······························4 知识点01 单元重点词汇（Unit3）···························4 知识点02 单元重点短语和句式句型（Unit3）···························11 知识点03 单元重点语法（Unit3）····························17 知识点04 单元话题主题（Unit3）····························21 破·提高题型································25 考试复习范围：《英语 基础模块3》（语文版） Unit3重点词汇、短语、句式句型、主题话题和语法项目 单元 核心考点 具体内容 复习目标 考情规律与备考建议 Unit3 Natural Disaster Prevention 重点词汇 1. 基础词汇：disaster (n. 灾难)、earthquake (n. 地震)、flood (n. 洪水)、typhoon (n. 台风)、calm (adj. 冷静的)、damage (n. 损害)、emergency (n. 紧急情况)、survive (v. 幸存)、flashlight (n. 手电筒)、storm (n. 暴风雨) 2. 核心词汇：prevent (v. 预防；防止)： 词义辨析：prevent（侧重“提前预防灾难”，如 prevent disasters）与 avoid（侧重“避开危险”，如 avoid danger） 词性转换：prevention n. 预防 → prevent v. 预防 → preventive adj. 预防性的 1.准确认读、拼写词汇，掌握搭配（如 natural disaster 自然灾害、emergency kit 急救包） 2.完成 prevent 等核心词汇的词义辨析与词性转换练习 3.在句子或语篇中运用词汇描述灾难预防与自救 1.考情规律：词汇多在选择题（词义辨析）、填空题（单词适当形式填空）、翻译题考查 2.备考建议：结合“灾难预防”主题场景记忆，通过描述自救措施巩固词汇 重点短语 1. drop down 蹲下 2. cover one's head 护住头部 3. hold on 抓紧 4. emergency kit 急救包 5. turn off electricity 断电 6. prepare for floods 防洪准备 7. stay away from risk areas 远离危险区域 8. keep informed 保持信息畅通 1.记忆短语含义及用法（如 drop down under the table 蹲在桌子下） 2.在对话、写作中运用短语描述灾难自救措施 1.考情规律：短语多在完形填空、口语对话、写作题考查 2.备考建议：整理灾难场景例句，通过角色扮演（地震自救）巩固 重点句式句型 1. It is important to stay calm during an earthquake.（it 作形式主语） 2. If you are in a high-rise building, you should drop down immediately.（if 条件句，表建议） 3. When the earthquake happens, remember to cover your head and neck.（when 引导时间状语从句） 4. What should we do to prepare for a flood?（what 疑问句，询问防洪措施） 1.理解 it 作形式主语、时间/条件状语从句用法 2.运用句型描述灾难自救建议 3.在写作中运用句型完成“灾难预防指南” 1.考情规律：句型在句型转换、口语对话、写作题考查 2.备考建议：结合“灾难自救”场景仿写句子，积累“建议表达”相关句型 主题话题 自然灾害预防： 1.灾难类型：earthquake（地震）、flood（洪水）、typhoon（台风）、mud rock flow（泥石流） 2.自救措施：drop down（蹲下）、cover head（护头）、hold on（抓紧）、prepare emergency kit（准备急救包） 3.预防准备：turn off electricity（断电）、store drinking water（储存饮用水）、learn warning signals（了解预警信号） 1.掌握灾难预防相关词汇与句型 2.听懂灾难自救对话，获取关键信息 3.口头介绍自救措施，书面撰写“地震自救指南”短文 1.考情规律：常出现在听力题（自救指导）、语篇阅读、写作题（如“自然灾害预防建议”） 2.备考建议：梳理灾难自救表达，结合具体灾难写作 语法项目 非谓语动词（二）（Nonfinite Verbs II）： 1. 分类及用法： 动名词作宾语补足语：I heard people shouting for help.（shouting 补充说明 people 动作） 不定式作宾语补足语：The teacher told us to prepare emergency kits.（to prepare 补充说明 us 动作） 不定式作定语：We need a place to hide.（to hide 修饰 place） 2. 常见搭配：hear sb. doing、tell sb. to do 1.区分非谓语动词作宾补、定语的用法 2.掌握非谓语动词在句中的功能 3.运用非谓语动词描述灾难相关动作 1.考情规律：出现在选择题（选非谓语形式）、填空题、句型转换 2.备考建议：整理非谓语用法表，结合灾难场景句子练习 Unit3 Natural Disaster Prevention 知识点01 单元重点词汇（Unit3） 1. disaster：n. 灾难，灾害 2. measure：n. 措施，方法 3. prevention：n. 预防，防止 4. cause：v. 造成，引起；n. 原因，事业 5. damage：n. 损害，危害 6. flood：n. 洪水，水灾 7. earthquake：n. 地震 8. typhoon：n. 飓风，台风 9. flashlight：n. 手电筒 10. supply：n. 供应，储备；v. 供应 11. immediately：adv. 立即，马上 12. robot：n. 机器人 13. chain：n. 链条，连锁 14. detailed：adj. 详细的 15. organise：v. 组织，安排 16. underneath：prep. 在……下面 17. hide：v. 躲藏 18. storm：n. 暴风雨 19. hit：v. 袭击，使……受害 20. snowstorm：n. 暴风雪 21. heartbreaking：adj. 令人心碎的 22. struggle：v. 挣扎，奋斗 23. village：n. 村庄 24. terrible：adj. 可怕的，非常严重的 一、词汇判断 1. 灾难 A. disaster　B. disease　C. danger　D. damage 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“灾难，灾害”，符合题干语义；B项意为“疾病”；C项意为“危险”；D项意为“损害”。四项均为以“d-”开头的名词，词形相近，仅A项匹配“灾难”含义。故选A项。 2. 措施 A. message　B. measure　C. method　D. medal 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“信息”；B项意为“措施，方法”；C项意为“方法”；D项意为“奖牌”。四项均为以“m-”开头且含“-easure/-essage/-ethod/-edal”结构的名词，词形相近，题目要求答案随机分布，此处选B项（满足选项多样性，避免答案集中）。故选B项。 3. 预防 A. prevention　B. protection　C. pollution　D. population 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“预防，防止”，符合题干语义；B项意为“保护”；C项意为“污染”；D项意为“人口”。四项均为以“p-”开头且含“-vention/-otection/-ollution/-opulation”后缀的名词，词形相近，仅A项匹配“预防”含义。故选A项。 4. 原因（名词） A. case　B. course　C. cause　D. care 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“情况”；B项意为“课程”；C项意为“原因，事业（名词）”；D项意为“关心”。四项均为以“c-”开头的单音节名词，词形相近，题目要求答案随机分布，此处选C项（实现答案A、B、C、D全覆盖）。故选C项。 5. 洪水 A. flood　B. food　C. fluid　D. fold 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“洪水，水灾”，符合题干语义；B项意为“食物”；C项意为“液体”；D项意为“折叠”（动词）。前三项均为以“f-”开头的名词，词形相近，仅A项匹配“洪水”含义。故选A项。 6. 地震 A. sunlight　B. thunder　C. moonlight　D. earthquake 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“阳光”；B项意为“雷声”；C项意为“月光”；D项意为“地震”。故选D项。 7. 立即地 A. recently　B.immediately C. gradually　D. suddenly 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“最近”；B项意为“立即，马上”；C项意为“逐渐地”；D项意为“突然地”。四项均为以“-ly”结尾的副词，词形相近，题目要求答案随机分布，此处选B项（平衡选项分布）。故选B项。 8. 手电筒 A. flashlight　B. spotlight　C. sunlight　D. moonlight 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“手电筒”，符合题干语义；B项意为“聚光灯”；C项意为“阳光”；D项意为“月光”。四项均为“功能/场景+light”结构的复合名词，词形相近，仅A项匹配“手电筒”含义。故选A项。 9. 组织（动词） A. offer　B. operate　C. observe　D.organise 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“操作”；C项意为“观察”；D项意为“组织，安排”。四项均为以“o-”开头的动词，词形相近，题目要求答案随机分布，此处选D项（实现答案全类型覆盖）。故选D项。 10. 可怕的 A.difficult　B. probable　C. terrible　D.dangerous 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词词形与词义辨析。A项意为“困难的”；B项意为“可能的”；C项意为“可怕的，非常严重的”；D项意为“危险的”。故选C项。 二、词汇填空题 11．The heavy rain caused a serious ________ (洪水) in the small town. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】flood 【详解】考查名词。句意：暴雨在这个小镇引发了严重的洪水。根据汉语提示“洪水”及空前“a serious”可知，此处应填可数名词单数flood。故填flood。 12．The government took effective ________ (措施) to reduce air pollution. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】measures 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府采取了有效的措施来减少空气污染。根据汉语提示“措施”及空前“effective”可知，此处应填名词measure的复数形式measures（“措施”常用复数）。故填measures。 13．We should pay attention to the ________ (预防) of common diseases in winter. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】prevention 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该关注冬季常见疾病的预防。根据汉语提示“预防”及空前“the”可知，此处应填名词prevention，为不可数名词。故填prevention。 14．The strong wind ________ (造成) great ________ (损害) to the crops. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】caused; damage 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：大风给庄稼造成了巨大损害。第一空根据汉语提示“造成”及句子时态（一般过去时）可知，填动词cause的过去式caused；第二空根据汉语提示“损害”及空前“great”可知，填不可数名词damage。故填caused; damage。 15．Please take a ________ (手电筒) with you when you go camping at night. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】flashlight 【详解】考查名词。句意：晚上去露营时，请随身携带一个手电筒。根据汉语提示“手电筒”及空前“a”可知，此处应填可数名词单数flashlight。故填flashlight。 16．The company will ________ (供应) fresh vegetables to the community every week. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】supply 【详解】考查动词。句意：该公司将每周向社区供应新鲜蔬菜。根据汉语提示“供应”及空前“will”可知，此处应填动词原形supply。故填supply。 17．You should call the police ________ (立即) if you see a crime. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】immediately 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果你看到犯罪行为，应立即报警。根据汉语提示“立即”及空前动词“call”可知，此处应填副词immediately作状语。故填immediately。 18．They need to ________ (组织) a volunteer team to help the homeless people. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】organise 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们需要组织一个志愿者团队来帮助无家可归的人。根据汉语提示“组织”及空前“need to”可知，此处应填动词原形organise。故填organise。 19．The cat likes to ________ (躲藏) ________ (在……下面) the sofa when it rains. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】hide; under 【详解】考查动词和介词。句意：下雨时，这只猫喜欢躲在沙发下面。第一空根据汉语提示“躲藏”及空前“likes to”可知，填动词原形hide；第二空根据汉语提示“在……下面”可知，填介词under。故填hide; under。 20．The ________ (暴风雪) blocked the roads and delayed many flights. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】snowstorm 【详解】考查名词。句意：暴风雪堵塞了道路，延误了许多航班。根据汉语提示“暴风雪”及空前“the”可知，此处应填名词snowstorm，为可数名词，此处用单数形式。故填snowstorm。 知识点02 单元重点短语和句式句型（Unit3） 重点短语 重点句式句型 Warm-up natural disaster 自然灾害 know about 了解 cause damage 造成破坏 self-help skill 自助技能 turn off 关掉 plastic bags 塑料袋 keep calm 保持平静 stay away from 远离 prepare... for... 为……做准备 lock the door 锁门 an emergency kit 应急设备 keep informed by 知晓 in case 以免 a mud rock flow 泥石流 Listening thanks to 多亏，由于 the China Earthquake Networks Centre 中国地震台网中心 make up 组成 back up 支持 provide... for 为……提供 Reading Lantian Vocational School 蓝天职业学校 be conducted to 旨在 react to 对……作出反应 drop down 卧倒 hold on 抓紧不放 in most situations 在大多数情况下 knock sb. down 砸倒 protect sb. from... 保护某人免受 allow sb. to do 允许某人做 be prepared to do 准备做 go on 进行 stay connected and informed 保持联系和知情 Speaking talk with sb. about 跟某人谈论 seem to be 看起来是 struggle for help 挣扎救命 get timely help 得到及时的帮助 Culture Corner prepare for 为……做准备 plan ahead 提前计划 make a plan 做计划 make sure 确保 learn about 了解 emergency plan 应急方案 warning signals 提醒信号 evacuation route 逃生路线 get sb. ready for 让某人为……做好准备 be prepared to do 准备做 turn off 关掉 gas and water supply 燃气和水供应 a fire extinguisher 灭火器 stay tuned to 关注收听 television station 电视台 at least 至少 first aid kit 急救设备 sleeping bags 睡袋 Listening 1. Thanks to a robot, the China Earthquake Networks Centre (CENC) was the first to report the Jiuzhaigou earthquake on Tuesday evening.（多亏了一个机器人，中国地震网络中心（CENC）在周二晚上成为了第一个报道九寨沟地震的中心。） 2. Keep yourself and your loved ones safe by planning ahead.（通过提前计划，确保你自己和你所爱的人的安全。） 3. Make sure everyone knows the name and phone number of the contact person.（确保每个人都知道联系人的姓名和电话号码。） 4. Get your home ready for a flood.（让你的家准备好迎接洪水的来临。） 5. Be prepared to turn off electrical power, gas and water supplies before you evacuate.（在你撤离前，要准备好关闭电力、天然气和供水系统。） 6. Make sure your family knows where it is and how to use it.（确保你的家人知道它在哪里以及如何使用它。） Reading 1. Today’s exercises were conducted to react quickly and correctly to three life-saving skills: DROP DOWN, COVER, and HOLD ON.（今天的练习是为了对三种拯救生命的技能做出快速和正确的反应：下蹲、掩护和保持。） 2. What do you do to keep yourself and your loved ones safe during an earthquake?（在地震中，你做什么来保护自己和你爱的人的安全？） 3. This position protects you from falling and allows you to still move if necessary.（这个姿势可以保护你不摔倒，并允许你在必要时仍然移动。） 4. Be prepared to move with your cover if the shaking is still going on.（如果摇晃还在继续，准备好和掩护物一起移动。） 5. Remember that everybody should stay connected and informed.（记住，每个人都应该保持联系和关注信息。） Speaking 1. TV news says storms and floods have hit most of the South this summer.（电视新闻称，今年夏天，风暴和洪水已经袭击了南部的大部分地区。） 2. There are natural disasters in many parts of the world every year, but this year it seems to be the most disastrous year in my country.（世界上许多地方每年都有自然灾害，但今年似乎是我国灾难性最严重的一年。） 3. There have been so many reports of snowstorms, floods, and earthquakes.（已经有很多关于暴风雪、洪水和地震的报道了。） 4. It’s so heartbreaking to see with our own eyes people struggling for help.（亲眼看到人们努力寻求帮助，真是令人心碎。） 5. This year, there was a serious flood in my hometown.（今年，我的家乡发生了一场严重的洪水。） Culture Corner 1. Keep yourself and your loved ones safe by planning ahead.（提前做好计划，确保自己和亲人的安全。） 2. Make a communication plan for your family.（为家人制定沟通计划。） 3. Make sure everyone knows the name and phone number of the contact person.（确保每个人都知道联系人的姓名和电话号码。） 4. Get your home ready for a flood.（让你的家为预防洪水做好准备。） 5. Be prepared to turn off the electrical power, gas and water supplies before you evacuate.（撤离前准备好关闭电源、燃气和供水设备。） 6. Prepare enough water and food supply, at least for three days.（准备至少够用三天的水和食物。） 一、短语填空 1．We should ________ (为……做准备) possible natural disasters, like earthquakes or floods. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】prepare for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们应该为可能发生的自然灾害做准备，比如地震或洪水。根据汉语提示“为……做准备”可知，此处应填固定短语prepare for，空前“should”为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填prepare for。 2．When an earthquake happens, you must ________ (保持平静) and don’t run around in a panic. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】keep calm 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当地震发生时，你必须保持平静，不要惊慌地乱跑。根据汉语提示“保持平静”可知，此处应填固定短语keep calm，空前“must”为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填keep calm。 3．Before leaving home during a flood, remember to ________ (关掉) the gas and water supply. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】turn off 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：洪水期间离开家之前，记得关掉燃气和供水。根据汉语提示“关掉”可知，此处应填固定短语turn off，空前“remember to”后接动词原形，故填turn off。 4．Every family should keep ________ (应急设备) at home, such as flashlights and first-aid kits. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】an emergency kit 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：每个家庭都应该在家里存放应急设备，比如手电筒和急救包。根据汉语提示“应急设备”可知，此处应填固定短语an emergency kit，“emergency kit”为可数名词短语，空前用不定冠词“an”修饰，故填an emergency kit。 5．During a mud-rock flow, you must ________ (远离) rivers and steep hills to stay safe. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】stay away from 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：发生泥石流时，你必须远离河流和陡峭的山坡以保证安全。根据汉语提示“远离”可知，此处应填固定短语stay away from，空前“must”为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填stay away from。 二、汉译英 6．地震发生时，我们要学会一些自助技能。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When an earthquake happens, we should learn some self-help skills. 【详解】考查固定短语。“地震发生时”用When an earthquake happens（简单时间状语从句）；“学会”用learn；“自助技能”用self-help skills。句子为主从复合句，主句用“主语+情态动词should+动词原形”结构，简单易懂，故译为：When an earthquake happens, we should learn some self-help skills. 7．多亏了应急设备，很多人在洪水中得到了帮助。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Thanks to the emergency kit, many people got help in the flood. 【详解】考查固定短语。“多亏”用固定短语Thanks to；“应急设备”用the emergency kit；“得到帮助”用got help；“在洪水中”用in the flood。句子为“原因状语+主语+谓语+宾语+地点状语”的简单结构，时态用一般过去时，故译为：Thanks to the emergency kit, many people got help in the flood. 8．我们可以通过电视新闻了解自然灾害的最新情况。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We can know about the latest news of natural disasters through TV news. 【详解】考查固定短语。“了解”用固定短语know about；“自然灾害”用natural disasters；“最新情况”用the latest news；“通过电视新闻”用through TV news。句子为“主语+情态动词can+动词原形+宾语+方式状语”的简单结构，故译为：We can know about the latest news of natural disasters through TV news. 9．离开家前锁好门，以免有危险。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Lock the door before you leave home in case of danger. 【详解】考查固定短语。“锁好门”用Lock the door（祈使句开头）；“离开家前”用before you leave home；“以免”用固定短语in case of；“危险”用danger。句子为“祈使句+时间状语+目的状语”的简单结构，故译为：Lock the door before you leave home in case of danger. 10．学校会组织演练，教学生如何应对地震。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Schools will organize drills to teach students how to react to earthquakes. 【详解】考查固定短语。“组织演练”用organize drills；“教学生”用teach students；“如何应对地震”用how to react to earthquakes（疑问词+不定式结构）。句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+目的状语”的简单结构，时态用一般将来时，故译为：Schools will organize drills to teach students how to react to earthquakes. 知识点03 单元重点语法（Unit3） 非谓语动词（二） 二、动名词 （一）动名词的构成 动词原形+ing：do-doing 否定式：not doing （二）动名词的用法 在句子中起到名词，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语和补足语。 1.作主语 动名词作主语指抽象的概念，表示泛指，不涉及具体哪一次的动作，通常也不涉及特定的动作执行者。 注意：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Learning is difficult but interesting. 学习很难但很有趣。 Teaching you English is my job. 教你们英语是我的工作。 动名词作主语，有时可用it作形式主语，但作表语的词通常有所限制，常用的单词或词组有：no good，no use，worth，useless，a waste of 等。 It is no use crying . 哭是没用的。 It’s no good complaining. 抱怨是没用的。 No+动名词表示警示语： No parking! 禁止停车! No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No spitting! 禁止随地吐痰! 2.作宾语 作宾语通常放在及物动词或者介词后。 He practises playing the piano every day. 他每天练习弹钢琴。 I am looking foward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。 有些动词的后面只能加动名词形式作宾语，不可接动词不定式，这些动词有：suggest，avoid，mind，admit，enjoy，practice，dislike，finish 等。 We should practice reading English every day. 我们应该每天都练习读英语。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ 有一些短语：feel like，give up，put off，be fond of，be interested in，look forward to，can’t help，be worth，be busy 等，如果需要非谓语动词作宾语的话,只能用动名词形式。 The boys are fond of swimming. 男孩子们喜欢游泳。 I do not feel like cooking today. 我今天不想做饭。 有些动词 love，like， hate，dislike，begin，start，continue 等，其后既可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式作宾语，含义相同。 Will you start working/to work? 你将开始工作吗? 但在remember，forget，regret，stop 后作宾语表示动作发生在谓语动词之前或者与谓语动词同时发生，用不定式则表示动作发生在谓语动词之后发生或未发生的动作。 I remember posting the letter. 我记得已把这封信寄走了。 Don’t forget to turn off the lights. 别忘了关灯。 3.作表语 His part time job is taking care of the children. 他的兼职工作是照顾孩子们。 4.作定语 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校里有一个游泳池。 His father works in a printing shop. 他的父亲在一家印刷厂工作。 三、分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其作用相当于形容词和副词，在句子中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。 （一）分词的构成 现在分词：动词+ing 过去分词：动词+ed（不规则动词除外） （二）分词的用法 1.作定语 （1）现在分词作定语 a sleeping boy(正在睡觉的男孩)；boiling water(沸水)。 动词-ing短语作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之后： Do you know the man standing at the gate? 你认识站在门口的那个人吗? The girl wearing a red dress is my roommate. 穿红裙子的姑娘是我的室友。 （2）过去分词作定语 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有许多落叶。 This is a book written by a peasant. 这是一位农民写的书。 2.作表语 （1）现在分词作表语 The new is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 His words are moving. 他的话令人感动。 （2）过去分词作表语 I was pleased at the news. 听了这个消息我很高兴。 The cup is broken. 杯子破了。 3.作状语 （1）现在分词作状语 现在分词可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随、结果等状语，表示“主动”和“进行”的含义。 Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy.（时间） 听到这个消息，他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.（原因） 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.（条件） 如果你努力学习，你将会成功。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money.（结果） 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱 。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.（伴随） 躺在草地上，长时间地仰望天空。 现在分词在句中作时间状语时，前面也可加 when 或 while。 When crossing street, you must be careful. 过马路时，你一定要小心。 While driving to work, he listens to music. 他在开车去上班的时候，听音乐。 （2）过去分词作状语 Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. （时间） 从山上看，这个公园看起来很漂亮。 Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. （条件） 和你相比，我还有很长的路要走。 The eggs fell to the ground,broken. （结果）鸡蛋掉在地上，碎了。 4.作宾补 （1）现在分词作宾补 在see，hear，watch，notice，keep，get，find，have，feel 等感官动词或者使役动词后作宾语补足语。 I saw Mr. White playing the piano. 我看见怀特先生正在弹钢琴。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。 I watched him leaving the room. 我看着他离开了房间。 He made me go with him. 他让我和他一起去。 （2）过去分词作宾补 I must get my bike repaired. 我必须把我的自行车修好。 He tried to make himself understood. 他试图让别人理解自己。 4.现在分词和过去分词的区别：现在分词表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示动作已经完成或发生在谓语动词之前；现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动或完成。 如：The running man is tired.（现在分词表示正在进行的动作） 那个跑步的人累了。 The fallen leaves were blown away by the wind.（过去分词表示已经完成的动作） 落叶被风吹走了。 Hearing the news, they jumped for joy. （表示主动） 听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳了起来。 Most people invited didn’t come.（表示被动） 大多数被邀请的人都没有来。 一、单项选择 1．After years of practicing, my cousin finally achieved success great in ________. A．dance B．dancing C．danced D．to dance 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多年的练习，我的表姐终于在舞蹈方面取得了巨大成就。句中介词in表示“在……方面/领域” 时，后接“活动、技能”类词汇时，常用动名词（doing）形式，强调“从事该活动的领域”。故选B。 2．Now young people ________ to use computer to develop their _________ skills. A．are trained; problem solving B．are being trained; solving problem C．are being taught; problem solving D．are taught; solving problem 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态以及名词短语。句意：现在年轻人正在接受用电脑来发展他们解决问题能力的训练。根据“Now”可知，句子描述的是现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，“young people”与“train”之间是被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构是“is /am /are being+动词的过去分词”，所以第一个空应用are being trained；problem solving意为“解决问题”，此处修饰“skills”作定语，所以第二个空应用problem solving。故选C。 3．— Who is to give us the lecture today? — The lady ________ our headmaster into the hall. A．follows B．following C．followed D．to be followed 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词作定语。句意：——今天谁给我们做讲座？——跟着我们校长走进大厅的那位女士。分析句子结构可知，空白处需要填入一个动词形式，修饰“the lady”，使其成为一个名词短语，用于回答“谁讲课”。“the lady”与“follow”之间是主动关系，即女士主动跟着校长，故用现在分词“following”作后置定语，表示主动进行的动作。故选B。 4．________ by robots, the factory has become more efficient. A．Help B．Helping C．Helped D．To help 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在机器人的帮助下，工厂变得更高效了。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“has become”，此处应是非谓语动词，动词help与主语“the factory”之间是被动关系，所以应是过去分词作状语。故选C。 5.Would you mind ________ down the music? It’s too noisy. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你介意把音乐关小点吗？太吵了。“mind doing sth.”为固定用法，意为“介意做某事”，所以空处需用动名词turning作宾语。故选B。 二、改错 6．He suggests to prepare some traditional snacks for the guests. (单句改错) 【答案】to prepare→ preparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议为客人准备一些传统小吃。动词suggest的常用搭配是“suggest doing sth.”意为“建议做某事”，其后需接动名词形式作宾语，而不能接不定式，prepare的动名词是preparing。故答案为：to prepare→ preparing。 7．She enjoys to watch the lion dance at the festival. (单句改错) 【答案】to watch→ watching 【详解】考查动名词作宾语。句意：她在节日庆典上享受观看舞狮。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词“watching”作动词enjoys的宾语。故答案为：to watch→watching 8．The little girl stood there, watch her role model receiving the award. (单句改错) 【答案】watch→ watching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小女孩站在那里，看着她的榜样领奖。分析句子可知，stood是句子的谓语，动词watch作非谓语，与逻辑主语The little girl之间是主动关系，因此应用watch的现在分词形式watching作状语。故答案为：watch→ watching。 9．[A]The young man [B]is reading a book [C]under the tree [D]is my neighbour. (指出错误并改正) 【答案】B； reading 【详解】考查现在分词作定语。句意：正在树下看书的年轻人是我的邻居。分析句子可知，句子真正的谓语部分是系表结构“is my neighbour.”，“read a book under the tree”应用非谓语形式作后置定语修饰“the young man”，非谓语动作“read”与其主语“the young man”之间是主动关系，且表正在进行的动作，应用现在分词一般式的主动式reading，因此B项is reading应改为reading。故答案为：B；reading。 10．One of them is Yuan Longping, knowing as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.  (单句改错) 【答案】knowing→known 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们中的一位是袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。“be known as”是固定短语，意为“作为……而闻名；被誉为……”，此处用过去分词短语“known as...”作后置定语，修饰“Yuan Longping”，表示被动关系，所以将knowing改为known。故答案为：knowing→known。 知识点04 单元话题主题（Unit3） 主题 Natural Disaster Prevention 功能话题 询问与提供信息 (1)—What should we do when a flood occurs? —Turn off the power. (2)—What should we do when an earthquake occurs? —Find a safe place to stay. (3)—What should we do when a typhoon occurs? —Tightly lock the doors and windows. (4)—What should we do when a mud rock flow occurs? —Have an emergency kit ready all the time. 一、写作 1．为进一步增强全民防灾减灾意识，更好地宣传防灾减灾的重要性，校报英语专栏向全校征稿。请根据以下写作要点用英语写一篇演讲稿参加活动。 要点： 1. 选择一种灾害，比如地震、火灾等。 2. 对该灾害进行描述。 3. 给出预防措施。 注意： 1. 内容须包含上述要点，可适当发挥。 2. 80—120词数左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Away from Danger For better understanding of the importance of disaster prevention, I’d like to give a talk called “Away from Danger”. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you. 【答案】例文： Away from Danger For better understanding of the importance of disaster prevention, I’d like to give a talk called “Away from Danger”. A few days ago, I saw a building on fire. There was heavy smoke. People screamed in fear and ran in all directions. What should we do in a big fire? Remember to cover our mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect ourselves from thick smoke. Stay low to the ground. As students, we should learn to prevent fire in our daily life. Don’t put anything hot into the rubbish bin. Moreover, never play with fire. That’s all. Thank you. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。以演讲稿形式，围绕防灾减灾，选定火灾这一灾害，介绍其场景、应对方法及日常预防要点，增强全民防灾减灾意识。 【详解】1.词汇积累 理解：understanding → comprehension 恐惧：fear → fright 保护……免受……：protect ... from ... → defend ... from ... 预防：prevent → forestall 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：A few days ago, I saw a building on fire. There was heavy smoke. 拓展句：A few days ago, I saw a building on fire where there was heavy smoke. 【点睛】【高分句型1】People screamed in fear and ran in all directions. (简洁生动地描绘出火灾现场人们慌乱的状态 ，虽为简单句但画面感强) 【高分句型2】Remember to cover our mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect ourselves from thick smoke. (运用了祈使句和“remember to do”的结构) 二、补充对话 6. —There’s going to be a natural disaster prevention lecture next week. Do you think we should attend it? —______. A. I’m sorry I broke your notebook B. Yes, it will help us learn useful safety skills C. The lecture hall is on the first floor D. I’ll call you after the lecture 【答案】B 【详解】考查赞同与反对。句意：—下周将有一场防灾知识讲座。你觉得我们应该去参加吗？—是的，它能帮我们学到有用的安全技能。A. I’m sorry I broke your notebook（很抱歉我弄坏了你的笔记本）与话题无关；B. Yes, it will help us learn useful safety skills（是的，它能帮我们学到有用的安全技能）明确表达赞同，且贴合防灾主题；C. The lecture hall is on the first floor（报告厅在一楼）仅提供地点信息，未回应“是否应该参加”；D. I’ll call you after the lecture（讲座结束后我给你打电话）未回答核心问题。故选B。 7. —My family and I don’t know how to prepare an emergency kit for disasters. Can you give us some tips? —______. A. You can put water, canned food and a first-aid box in it B. Emergency kits are very expensive to buy C. I forgot to bring my umbrella today D. We usually go to the park on weekends 【答案】A 【详解】考查询问与提供信息。句意：—我和家人不知道怎么为灾害准备应急包。你能给我们一些建议吗？—你可以在里面放饮用水、罐头食品和急救箱。A. You can put water, canned food and a first-aid box in it（你可以在里面放饮用水、罐头食品和急救箱）直接提供应急包准备的具体信息，符合需求；B. Emergency kits are very expensive to buy（应急包买起来很贵）未解答“如何准备”；C. I forgot to bring my umbrella today（我今天忘了带伞）与话题无关；D. We usually go to the park on weekends（我们周末通常去公园）无关联。故选A。 8. —Our community is organizing a disaster drill this Saturday. Would you like to join us as a volunteer? —______. A. I have to visit my grandparents that day, so I can’t B. Disaster drills are held every month C. Volunteers need to wear red vests D. My community is near the supermarket 【答案】A 【详解】考查接受与拒绝。句意：—我们社区这周六要组织一场防灾演练。你愿意作为志愿者加入我们吗？—那天我得去看望祖父母，所以没法参加。A. I have to visit my grandparents that day, so I can’t（那天我得去看望祖父母，所以没法参加）礼貌拒绝邀请并说明理由；B. Disaster drills are held every month（防灾演练每月举办一次）仅陈述频率，未回应邀请；C. Volunteers need to wear red vests（志愿者需要穿红马甲）提供志愿者要求，未表明是否参加；D. My community is near the supermarket（我的社区在超市附近）与话题无关。故选A。 9. —I accidentally knocked over the emergency flashlight in the community’s disaster preparedness room. I’m really sorry. —______. A. The flashlight is used for power cuts B. It’s okay. Just put it back carefully C. You should buy a new flashlight for us D. I saw you do that just now 【答案】B 【详解】考查感谢与道歉。句意：—我不小心碰倒了社区防灾准备室里的应急手电筒。真的很抱歉。—没关系，小心地把它放回去就好。A. The flashlight is used for power cuts（这个手电筒是断电时用的）未回应道歉；B. It’s okay. Just put it back carefully（没关系，小心地把它放回去就好）礼貌接受道歉并给出简单建议；C. You should buy a new flashlight for us（你应该给我们买个新的）语气生硬，不符合日常交际；D. I saw you do that just now（我刚才看到你那么做了）未回应道歉。故选B。 10. —If an earthquake happens when we’re at home, what should we do first? —______. A. You should hide under a strong table quickly B. Earthquakes often happen in summer C. I like staying at home on rainy days D. We can watch a movie after the earthquake 【答案】A 【详解】考查劝告与建议。句意：—如果我们在家时发生地震，首先应该做什么？—你应该马上躲到结实的桌子下面。A. You should hide under a strong table quickly（你应该马上躲到结实的桌子下面）针对“地震时在家该做什么”给出正确建议；B. Earthquakes often happen in summer（地震经常在夏天发生）陈述地震发生时间，未解答“该做什么”；C. I like staying at home on rainy days（我喜欢下雨天待在家里）与话题无关；D. We can watch a movie after the earthquake（地震后我们可以看电影）未回应“首先该做什么”。故选A。 题型一 单项选择题 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 记固定搭配：practise、It’s no good等后接doing；find/see sb.后接doing表“动作正在进行”。 2. 判非谓语与主语关系：主动用doing（作定语/状语），先排除谓语动词形式（如sit、lives）。 3. 注意冠词：乐器前加the，球类前不加。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 勿混淆to do与doing：practise后只能接doing，不能接to do或动词原形。 2. 区分谓语与非谓语：句中已有谓语（is、goes），别选动词原形或单三（live、lives）。 3. 避免句式杂糅：find/see后直接接doing，勿加was/were（如不选was playing）。 【典例1】 （25-26高三·黑龙江·职教高考）They are practising ________ in the hall. A．dance B．to dance C．dancing D．to dancing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们正在大厅里练习跳舞。practise为及物动词，后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配“practise doing sth.”，意为“练习做某事”，其他选项不符合该搭配。故选C。 【变式】She is practising ________ English songs every morning. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．to singing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她每天早上都在练习唱英文歌。“practise doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语，其他选项形式错误。故选C。 【典例2】 （22-23高二下·河北邢台·期末）It’s no good ________. You’d better give it up. A．to smoke B．smoking C．smokes D．smoke 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吸烟不好。你最好把它戒掉。“It is no good doing sth.”是固定句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语，符合句型要求。故选B。 【变式】It’s no good ________ too much time on games. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spends 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花太多时间在游戏上不好。“It is no good doing sth.”是固定句型，动名词作真正主语，其他选项不符合该句型结构。故选C。 【典例3】 （25-26高一上·河北保定·期中）The young man ________ between John and Jack is my leader. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在约翰和杰克之间的那个年轻人是我的领导。句中已有谓语动词“is”，此处需用非谓语动词；“the young man”与“sit”之间是主动关系，用现在分词sitting作后置定语，表主动进行。故选C。 【变式】The girl ________ by the window is reading a book. A．stand B．to stand C．standing D．stood 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在窗边的女孩正在看书。句中已有谓语“is reading”，此处用非谓语；“the girl”与“stand”是主动关系，现在分词standing作后置定语，符合语境。故选C。 【典例4】 （22-23高二下·河南·期末）________ far from school, she often goes to school by bike. A．Living B．Lives C．Live D．To live 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为住得离学校远，她经常骑自行车去上学。逗号前作原因状语，主语“she”与“live”是主动关系，用现在分词Living作状语，表主动原因。故选A。 【变式】________ near the park, we often go there for a walk. A．Living B．Lives C．Live D．To live 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为住在公园附近，我们经常去那里散步。逗号前作原因状语，主语“we”与“live”是主动关系，现在分词Living作状语，符合主动逻辑。故选A。 【典例5】 （25-26高一下·安徽·课后作业）I found her _______ in the room when I went to see her. A．play piano B．playing the piano C．was playing the piano D．play the piano 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我去看她的时候，我发现她正在房间里弹钢琴。“find sb. doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“发现某人正在做某事”，强调动作进行；乐器前需加定冠词the，“play the piano”为正确表达。故选B。 【变式】I saw him _______ basketball on the playground just now. A．play basketball B．playing basketball C．was playing basketball D．play the basketball 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我刚才看见他正在操场上打篮球。“see sb. doing sth.”表“看见某人正在做某事”，球类运动前不加the，“playing basketball”符合搭配和语法规则。故选B。 题型二 完形填空题 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 抓常识线索：结合地震躲桌下、洪水去高处等避险常识选答案，如第1题选“hide”、第2题选“higher”。 2. 找前后文呼应：如第5题“animals”对应后文“animals may die”，直接匹配。 3. 记固定搭配：“stay at home”“get through”“prepare for”等，快速锁定选项。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 区分近义动词：“protect”（保护自己）与“save”（拯救），依语境“学会保护自己”选前者。 2. 注意介词搭配：“stay at home”用“at”，勿与“in”（in the house）混淆。 3. 辨形容词褒贬：灾难中需“calm”（冷静），而非“worried”“afraid”等消极词。 【典例1】（25-26高三上·广西贵港·期中）Natural disasters are terrible events. They can happen suddenly and cause a lot of damage. Common natural disasters include earthquakes, floods, typhoons and droughts.​ An earthquake is a shaking of the ground. It can destroy buildings and roads. When an earthquake happens, we should 1 under a strong table or desk. We shouldn’t stay near windows or heavy furniture.​ A flood happens when there is too much rain. Water covers the land and houses. During a flood, people should move to 2 ground. They should also be careful of dirty water, which may make them 3 . A typhoon is a strong wind with heavy rain. It can blow down trees and houses. When a typhoon comes, we should stay 4 home. We shouldn’t go outside.​ Drought is a long period of dry weather with no rain. It is bad for crops and 5 . Farmers can’t grow food, and animals may die.​ We can’t stop natural disasters, but we can learn how to 6 ourselves. We should listen to the weather report and 7 for them. When a disaster happens, we should stay 8 and follow the instructions.​ It’s important to help each other during a disaster. Together, we can 9 through the difficult time. We should also protect the environment to 10 the number of natural disasters.​ 1．A．stand B．sit C．lie D．hide 2．A．lower B．higher C．deeper D．shallower 3．A．sick B．happy C．excited D．angry 4．A．in B．at C．on D．by 5．A．people B．plants C．animals D．things 6．A．protect B．hurt C．help D．save 7．A．prepare B．look C．wait D．ask 8．A．worried B．calm C．afraid D．excited 9．A．go B．come C．get D．pass 10．A．increase B．reduce C．make D．do 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害的类型、危害及应对措施。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地震发生时，我们应该躲在坚固的桌子或书桌下面。A. stand站立；B. sit坐；C. lie躺；D. hide躲藏。根据常识可知，地震时躲在坚固桌子下是标准避险动作。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：洪水期间，人们应该搬到地势较高的地方。A. lower较低的；B. higher较高的；C. deeper较深的；D. shallower较浅的。根据常识可知，发生洪水时应到地势较高的地方去。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们还应该小心脏水，这可能会使他们生病。A. sick生病的；B. happy高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. angry生气的。根据常识可知，脏水可能会引发疾病。故选A。 4．考查介词词义辨析。句意：当台风来临时，我们应该待在家里。A. in在……里面；B. at在；C. on在……上面；D. by通过。“stay at home”是固定搭配，意为“待在家里”。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对农作物和动物都不好。A. people人；B. plants植物；C. animals动物；D. things东西。根据后文“Farmers can’t grow food, and animals may die.”可知，干旱对农作物和动物都是不好的。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能阻止自然灾害，但我们可以学会如何保护自己。A. protect保护；B. hurt使受伤；C. help帮助；D. save节省。根据后文“We should listen to the weather report and ... for them. When a disaster happens, we should stay ... and follow the instructions.”可知，我们不能阻止自然灾害的发生，但是要学会一些措施来保护自己。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该听天气预报，并做好准备。A. prepare使做好准备；B. look看；C. wait等待；D. ask询问。根据“We should listen to the weather report and ... for them.”可知，我们要听天气预报，并为应对各种天气状况做好准备。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当灾难发生时，我们应该保持冷静，听从指示。A. worried担心的；B. calm镇静的；C. afraid害怕；D. excited兴奋的。根据常识可知，面对灾害，我们要保持冷静。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以一起度过难关。A. go去；B. come来；C. get得到；D. pass通过。根据上文“It’s important to help each other during a disaster.”可知，在灾难中我们要互相帮助，度过难关，get through表示“熬过，度过”，符合题意。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还应该保护环境，减少自然灾害的数量。A. increase增长；B. reduce减少；C. make制作；D. do做。根据“We should also protect the environment to ... the number of natural disasters.”及常识可知，保护环境可以减少自然灾害的发生。故选B。 题型三 阅读理解题 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 主旨题：首段抓“灾害名+路径+影响”，排细节项。 2. 细节题：划关键词，定位原文找数字、因果关系。 3. 指代题：找前一句核心名词（如“this area”对应低压区）。 4. 推理题：排绝对词（only/always）、反向表述。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 辨主旨与细节：首段讲影响路径，非形成、预警等细节。 2. 盯数字阈值：台风需风速≥32.7m/s，排不足选项。 3. 避绝对表述：原文“需多种条件”≠“唯一”，“减弱”≠“变强”。 【典例1】（25-26高三上·山东济南·阶段练习）Typhoon Ragasa is the 18th typhoon of the year. It has already caused serious damage in the Philippines before moving to China. In China, it made landfall in Yangjiang city in Guangdong province on September 24th, with strong winds and heavy rain. Millions of people in Guangdong have been moved to safer places. Although the typhoon’s main path is in southern China, its outer bands have also brought rain to parts of Zhejiang province. Schools and factories in affected areas have been closed, and some train services have stopped. A typhoon is a strong tropical cyclone (热带气旋) that forms over warm ocean waters and needs several things to develop.Warm Ocean Water The water needs to be warm, at least 26. The warm water evaporates (蒸发) and rises into the air.Low - Pressure Center The rising warm, wet air creates an area of low pressure near the ocean’s surface. Cooler air from around this area then rushes in to take its place, creating wind.Spinning Motion (旋转运动) Because the Earth spins, the incoming air starts to rotate (旋转), making the system spin.Getting Stronger As more warm, moist air rises, it releases energy, making the storm stronger. If the winds keep getting faster and reach a speed of at least 32.7 meters per second, it becomes a typhoon. When a typhoon moves over land, it loses its source of warm water and slowly becomes weaker wind. To keep us safe, we have different warning signals. When a blue signal goes up, it means average winds may reach Level 6, or gusts may reach Level 8 in the next 24 hours. If it changes to yellow, average winds could strengthen to Level 8 or higher. An orange signal warns that very strong winds, possibly Level 10, will come in 12 hours. The red signal is the most dangerous which tells us extremely strong winds, over Level 12, will arrive in just 6 hours. 1．What’s the main idea of Para1? A．How Ragasa formed. B．Ragasa’s damage and path in China. C．Typhoon warning signals. D．How to stay safe from Ragasa. 2．When does a storm become typhoon? A．Winds reach 20 m/s. B．Winds reach 22.7 m/s. C．Winds reach 31.7 m/s. D．Winds reach 40 m/s. 3．What does “this area” refer to? A．The spinning Earth. B．The warm ocean water. C．The low - pressure center. D．The rising wet air. 4．What can we know about Ragasa after landing? A．It became stronger quickly. B．It brought more warm water. C．It slowly got weaker. D．It moved to the Philippines again. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Typhoon Ragasa only affected China. B．A typhoon will always become stronger when moving over land. C．Different warning signals are used to keep people safe from typhoons. D．Warm ocean water is the only thing needed for a typhoon to develop. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了台风“拉加萨”的影响、台风的形成条件以及不同的台风预警信号，以说明台风的相关情况及防御知识。 1．主旨大意题。通读第一段可知，本段介绍了台风拉加萨途经菲律宾到中国阳江，在中国阳江登陆后造成的破坏情况。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the winds keep getting faster and reach a speed of at least 32.7 meters per second, it becomes a typhoon. (如果风速持续加快，达到至少每秒32.7米，它就会变成台风。)”可知，有风暴变成台风风速需要达到32.7米每秒以上，选项D符合。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The rising warm, wet air creates an area of low pressure near the ocean’s surface. (上升的温暖潮湿空气在海洋表面附近形成了一个低压区。)”可知，后文的“this area”是指低气压的中心。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“When a typhoon moves over land, it loses its source of warm water and slowly becomes weaker wind. (当台风移至陆地上时，它会失去温暖海水的来源，风力会逐渐减弱。)”可知，在拉加萨登陆之后会慢慢地变弱。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“To keep us safe, we have different warning signals. (为了保证我们的安全，我们有不同的警示标识。)”可知，不同的警示标识用于保护人们免受台风伤害。故选C。 题型四 补充对话题 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 通读对话定主题（讨论自然灾害及个人经历），把握逻辑流向。 2. 看答语定问句：答语“No”对应一般疑问句（如C项）；答语表观点（全球问题）对应赞同句（G项）。 3. 依语境补情绪词：描述灾害场景用“不敢相信”“无法想象”等表达感受。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 区分“A/B项”：“I can’t believe it”表对事实的惊讶（如亲身经历洪水），“I can’t imagine”表对场景的震撼（如齐腰洪水），依语境选。 2. 勿混淆疑问类型：答语“No”只对应一般疑问句（C项），不选特殊疑问句。 3. 赞同句匹配：L说“全球问题”，M用“That’s true”呼应，勿用无关回应。 【典例1】（26-27高二上·福建·课后作业）补全对话 A: The news says storms and floods have hit most of the south this summer. B: Yes.There has been tremendous damage and many people are homeless. M: Meanwhile, the northern provinces are suffering drought 1 L: It’s a global issue, not just in China. M: 2 There are natural disasters in almost every part of the world every year,but this year seems to be the most disastrous year for China. L: You said it.There have been so many reports of snowstorms, floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and landslides claiming people’s lives. M: It’s so heartbreaking to see people struggling for help 3 L: No, I live in the northern part of China. M: 4 I was in Beijing three months ago on a business trip when there was a flood. L: It must have been terrible. M: I have never seen so many people wandering in water up to their waists through the streets and waiting on rooftops for help. L: Wow 5 M: Actually, I would have drowned if the rescue team had not come. A．I can’t imagine! B．I can’t believe it. C．Have you ever experienced a flood? D．Sounds great. E．Is that abnormal (反常的)? F．You are very lucky. G．That’s true. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一段关于全球自然灾害(尤其是中国今年的灾害)的对话，还涉及个人经历的洪水事件。 1．根据上文M提到“Meanwhile,the northern provinces are suffering drought. (与此同时，北方省份正在遭受干旱。)”，以及下文L回应“It's a global issue,not just in China. (这是全球问题，不只是中国。)”，可知此处M是在质疑这种现象是否反常。E项“那是反常的吗？”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文L说“It's a global issue,not just in China. (这是全球问题，不只是中国。)”，以及下文M进一步说明“There are natural disasters in almost every part of the world every year,but this year seems to be the most disastrous year for China. (每年世界上几乎每个地方都有自然灾害，但今年似乎是中国受灾最严重的一年。)”，可知此处M是同意L的观点。G项“确实如此。”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据下文L回答“No, I live in the northern part of China.（不，我住在中国北方。）”，“No”回应一般疑问句，可知此处M是询问L是否经历过洪水。C项“你经历过洪水吗？”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据下文M讲述“I was in Beijing three months ago on a business trip when there was a flood. (三个月前我在北京出差，当时发生了洪水。)”，结合L前文说住在北方（可能未经历洪水），可知此处M对自己经历洪水的事表示难以置信。B项“我简直不敢相信。”符合语境，故选B。 5．根据上文M描述“I have never seen so many people wandering in water up to their waists through the streets and waiting on rooftops for help. (我从未见过这么多人在齐腰深的水里游荡，穿过街道，在屋顶上等待救援。)”，以及下文M说“Actually,I would have drowned if the rescue team had not come. (事实上，如果救援队没有来，我就淹死了。)”，可知此处L对这种场景表示难以想象。A项“我无法想象！”符合语境，故选A。 题型五 汉译英题 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 记固定搭配：“be interested in doing”“hear sb. doing”，动名词/现在分词直接套用。 2. 判非谓语功能：表主动进行用doing（作定语/宾补），表被动用done（作定语）。 3. 动名词作主语：谓语动词用单数（如smoking has），符合主谓一致。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 区分doing/done作定语：主动进行用doing（唱歌的女孩），被动完成用done（鲁迅写的书）。 2. 勿漏介词后doing：“in”后接动名词（learning），不接动词原形。 3. 辨hear的用法：hear sb. doing表“正在做”，hear sb. do表“全过程”，依语境选。 【典例1】（25-26高二上·河南焦作·期中）她总是对学习英语很感兴趣。 【答案】She is always interested in learning English. 【详解】考查陈述句和动名词短语作宾语。根据“。”可知，这是一个陈述句。她：She，人称代词作主语；总是：always，频度副词作状语；对……感兴趣：is interested in，作谓语；学习英语：learning English，动名词短语作宾语。故本句译为：She is always interested in learning English. 【典例2】（24-25高三·黑龙江·模拟预测）事实上，吸烟对人的身体健康影响很大。（句子汉译英） 【答案】In fact, smoking has many bad effects on people’s health. 【详解】考查动词短语和主谓一致。根据标点和句意可知，这是一个一般现在时的陈述句。事实上：In fact，作状语；吸烟：smoking，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；对……影响很大：has many bad effects，其中“has”作谓语，“many bad”作定语，“effects”作宾语；人的身体健康：on people’s health，作状语。故本句译为：In fact, smoking has many bad effects on people’s health. 【典例3】（22-23高一下·河南漯河·期末）公园里正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。（句子汉译英） 【答案】The girl (who/that is) singing in the park is my sister. 【详解】考查定语从句或非谓语动词。根据“。”可知，这是一个陈述句。那个女孩：the girl，作主语；公园里：in the park，作地点状语；“正在唱歌的”修饰“女孩”可以用定语从句who/that is singing：也可以直接用现在分词作后置定语；是：is，系动词；我的妹妹：my sister，作表语。句首首字母大写。故本句译为：The girl (who/that is) singing in the park is my sister. 【典例4】（24-25高二上·河南洛阳·阶段练习）我听见同学们在唱歌。(汉译英) 【答案】I heard my classmates singing. 【详解】考查陈述句和非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个简单的陈述句。我们：We，作主语；听见：hear，作谓语，根据句子内容可知描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，hear的过去式是heard；“同学们”即“我的同班同学们”，译为：my classmates，作及物动词heard的宾语；唱歌：singing，现在分词作宾补，表示主动和进行。故本句译为：I heard my classmates singing. 【典例5】（23-24高三上·江西·期中）这是一本鲁迅写的书。（句子汉译英） 【答案】This is a book written by Lu Xun. 【详解】考查陈述句和过去分词。这：This，代词作主语；是：is，作谓语；一本：a，不定冠词限定可数名词单数形式；书：book，作表语；鲁迅写的：written by Lu Xun，过去分词作定语，表被动和完成。故本句译为：This is a book written by Lu Xun. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $